SU82836A1 - - Google Patents

Description

An educational aid is offered for demonstrating contour lines on a relief terrain model, made in the form of an open top box with a terrain model, for example, of plastic material.

The use of such relief terrain models as in-depth tools in various fields of science and technology is quite common. However, the existing heading tools of this type cannot serve as tools for demonstrating the design of the contours of a model of a relief area nln from a model to the screen.

The proposed manual allows you to demonstrate the position of the contour lines on the relief model and has the peculiarity that the side walls of the crate are provided with horizontal slots and external illuminators for designing parallel horizontal beams of rays through them that form horizontal lines on the model.

FIG. 1 benefit is shown in section; in fig. 2 - the same, but with a system of multiple otleseny light rays; in fig. 3 is a general view of a device for projecting a model image with horizontals on a screen.

The training manual is a small box with a bulk or plastic material in it / (sand, chalk powder, plasticine, wax, etc.). This material may be given a different shape of the embossed pattern.

The side walls of the 2 boxes are made of glass, covered on the outside with black paint. The paint has scratched thin parallel, horizontal slots located at the same distance from one another. 3. Instead of short walls, walls with gaps can be used. Through these slots into the box are passed from four sides (or from two opposite) horizontal beams of 4 light, which, intersecting with item 82836

with the top of the layout, light lines or natural horizontals form on the screen. 5. When the layout is identi fi ed, the manual makes it possible to simultaneously observe the change in the shape and arrangement of the contour lines. For obtaining light, electric bulbs 6 of greater or lesser power can be used.

The horizontality of the light beams can be ensured by using cylindrical, parabolic sections of the reflectors 7 along the walls of the box with the placement of light bulbs in their focus (Fig. 1); the use of a faceted reflector 8 (Fig. 3) with independent adjustment of each mirror face, aiming it at the slit in blackened glass and giving mutual parallelism to all light planes m; creating a long path with a light beam directly or using multiple (1-2 to 7-10 times) reflection (Fig. 2); With the help of a number of small light sources in the form of low-voltage light bulbs and lenses separated from the light sources at a distance that ensures the parallelism of light beams.

With the help of glasses 2, put on the edge around the perimeter of the table, a box is formed. The glasses are painted with inking with the exterior, in relation to the crate, side. Thin horizontal lines are scratched on two mutually opposite walls — risks 10 that are at equal distances from each other and at the same level, respectively, on both walls.

Under the table, two powerful electric lamps 6 are placed horizontally, with sockets to one another. At the same time, the light bulbs of the bulbs are projected onto a horizontal plane in a line. Bulbs are placed near the floor and are separated from the entire upper part of the space by a horizontal opaque partition 11, in which small narrow apertures are made exactly above the luminous filaments of the lamps. Through these holes, the light in the form of narrow beams is directed to two small mirrors 12 placed under the surface of the table. These mirrors are mounted so that the light reflected from them is cast down and hits the mirrors of several large sizes 13 placed on the upper surface of the horizontal partition separating the lamp from the upper space. From these mirrors, the light is dropped to a pair of still larger upper mirrors, then to the corresponding lower ones again, and so the light is reflected from the top of the horizontal mirrors. After a generous mirror (on each side), the light is thrown onto mirrors 14, set at an angle close to 45 °, at the level of the sides of the crate. These latter, seventh mirrors, form an approximately parallel, luminous flux, divided by risks on blackened side glass on a series of approximately parallel light planes 4.

The whole structure outside is completely communicated. There are two switches 15 on the drawer. One serves to turn off the light that forms the horizontals, the other for lighting that allows you to see the relief of the layout directly (without horizontals or simultaneously with the horizon; m), without lighting the light in the room.

In order to improve the depth of the tool, a camera 16 is mounted above the crate, the ground glass of which is at the same time the bottom of the camera installed on top of the epididium 17. Thus, the light horizontals are projected onto the ground glass, from where the epididium is thrown onto the screen where the plan is depicted; relief in horizontal x (Fig. 3).

In order to use the toolkit in the design practice, a camera is mounted above the toolbox in the form of a magnifying device. With the help of this device on the surface of the model is designed a slide-away photograph from the plan of the site to be designed. The same apparatus serves to photograph the resulting: a model contour lines.

Subject invention

1. Training aid for geography, topography, geodesy, etc., consisting of an open top pin for a relief model, for example, of plastic material, characterized in that the side walls of the pin are provided with horizontal slots and external illuminators to project through the slits parallel horizontal beams of rays forming horizontal lines on the model.

.2. In the manual on p. 1, use a camera mounted on the top of the crate, connected with a cushion to design an image of a model with horizontal lines on the screen or to design specified contours on a model.