SU805034A1 - Dryer for loose materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to apparatuses for drying bulk materials, mainly grain.

At present, the main type of grain-j stretchers are mine shafts with boxes for input and output of a drying agent. In these grain dryers, the drying process mainly occurs in countercurrent flow [1].

In dryers with a counterflow scheme | θ, the porosity of the layer changes, and the air is unevenly distributed in it. They are characterized by uneven grain layer heights, which in turn leads to a distortion of the air velocity field.

Dryers with a transversely blown moving bed of a column type are also known. A layer of constant thickness is formed in these dryers, you can simply organize the supply and 20 air exhaust, eliminates the unevenness of the velocity field [2].

However, core grain dryers have a significant drawback: they overheat a certain amount of grain from the side of the inlet of the drying agent into the layer, resulting in a decrease in its quality. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the drying process with grain mixing in order to interfere with the dense structure moving layer, increase its porosity and provide better washing of grain with a drying agent. As a result, heat and mass transfer processes are intensified. In this case, local overheating of grain from the inlet side of the drying agent is excluded; it is possible to use a drying agent with a higher temperature, which, all other things being equal, leads to an increase in the productivity of grain dryers.

Closest to the proposed technical essence are dryers for bulk materials, containing several parallel perforated columns with discharge chambers between them. The columns consist of pipes interconnected by straight non-perforated sections. In pipes, inclined partitions are installed, the presence of which allows you to slightly change the straightness of grain movement and partially mix it [3}.

However, in these dryers, the material (grain) overheats at the place of entry of the drying agent into the layer, there is a significant unevenness in humidity, since the grain moves in a dense layer. Due to the danger of heating the grain above the maximum permissible value, the low temperature of the drying agent is used.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and quality of the drying process.

This goal is achieved by the fact that each column is equipped with guide elements made in the form of three plates, one of which is vertical, and the other two are located at the same angle to it, and all plates have triangular holes pairwise aligned with each other, and each hole open on one side and closed with a plug on the opposite side, with plugs and holes alternating on each side of the vertical plate and additional guides attached to them, also connected to Vertical, plate.

In addition, the columns are combined in pairs, and each column of the first pair is equipped with a heat and mass exchanger, and the discharge chamber of the second pair of columns is divided by a vertical partition into two collectors, one of which is connected to a source of cooling air.

Such a constructive one can periodically, when the grain is watered, mix the most heated grain, which is located along the wall from the side of the inlet of the drying agent, moves to the opposite wall, in turn, less heated grain takes the place of more heated. Putting the drying agent through the holes in the plates improves the contact of the drying agent with the grain, and then the moisture removal is intensified.

In FIG. 1 solution to the move oEi. A part of the result process is schematically shown the proposed dryer; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - WEL! In FIG. 1 (increased); in FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the assembly B in FIG. 1 (fragment).

The dryer contains storage bins 1 and 2, a preheating chamber 3, a heat and mass exchanger 4, ·. a first drying chamber 5, a second 5Q drying chamber 6, a third drying chamber 7, a pre-cooling chamber 8, a final cooling chamber 9. All chambers 5-9 are located in parallel arranged perforated columns 10, equipped with ^e guiding elements 11 made in the form of three plates, one of which is vertical 12, and the other two 13 and 14 are inclined to it at the same angle. Additional guides 15 are attached to the vertical plate 60 12, and in all the plates there are triangular holes 16, pairwise aligned with each other, and each hole is open on one side 65 and closed with a plug 17 in the form of a prism, with each side the vertical plate 12, the plugs and openings are interlaced. The columns 10 are combined in pairs · and the heat and mass exchanger 4 is located in each column of the first pair. Between the columns 10 there are injection chambers 18, and the injection chamber of the second pair of columns is divided by a vertical partition 19 into two collectors 20 and 21, one of which 21 is connected to a source of cold air (not shown) and to chambers 8 and 9 of the preliminary and final cooling. At the exit from each pair of columns, twin aerial chutes 22 and 23 are installed, connected with elevators 24 and 25. The dryer also has chambers 26 for collecting partially spent drying agent.

The drying process is as follows.

Crude grain first enters the storage hopper 1, then into the first pair of columns 10 and sequentially passes the pre-heating chamber 3, in which the guide elements 11, the heat and mass exchanger 4 and the first drying chamber are placed. From the drying chamber 5, the grain enters the twin air duct 22, in this case, one grain stream is sent to the noriya 24 and returned to the heat and mass exchanger 4 (the first recirculation loop), and the second stream is directed by the noriya 25 to the storage hopper 2, from which part of the grain is first sent to the second dryer uy camera

6, and then into the third drying chamber

7, from which the Grain’s enters the left compartment of the twin aerial duct 23 and into the noriya 25 (second recirculation loop). The second grain stream from the hopper 2 enters the pre-cooling chamber 8, and then into the final cooling chamber 9. The dried, chilled grain is stored. Chambers 26 are used to collect the partially spent drying agent, which is then sent for disposal to the furnace, to the preheating chamber, or as an energy source to an absorption refrigeration unit that produces cold used in the final cooling chamber. All this characterizes the described dryer as economical and providing high quality drying process.

Claims (3)

The invention relates to apparatus for drying bulk materials, preferably grains. Nowadays, the main type of seawaters is mine with boxes for inlet and outlet of the drying agent. In these grain dryers, basically, the drying process takes place in countercurrent 1. In dryers with a countercurrent scheme, the porosity of the layer changes, and there is an uneven distribution of air in it. For them, the uneven height of the grain layer is characteristic, which in turn leads to a distortion of air speeds by l. Dryers with a transversely blown column-type moving bed are also known. In these dryers forzshiruyutsya constant layer of thickness, 1 it is easy to organize the supply and removal of air, eliminates the unevenness of the velocity field 2. However, the core grain dryers have a significant drawback: they overheat a certain amount of grain from the entrance of the drying agent into the layer, as a result therefore, its quality. Therefore, it is necessary to dry the grain with agitation in order to disrupt the structure of the dense moving layer, increase its porosity, and ensure better washing by drying. As a result, heat and mass transfer processes are intensified. At the same time, local overheating of the grain from the inlet of the drying agent is eliminated, it is possible to use a drying agent with a higher temperature, which, all other things being equal, leads to an increase in the productivity of grain dryers. Closest to the proposed technical essence are dryers for bulk materials containing several parallel perforated columns with injection chambers between them. The columns are composed of pipes interconnected from straight non-perforated portions. Inclined partitions are installed in the pipes. The presence of which allows to slightly change the direction of grain movement and partially mix it. However, in these dryers, the material (grain) overheats at the point of entry of the drying agent into the layer, there is a significant non-uniformity in humidity, as the grain moves dense by layer. Due to the danger of heating the grain above the maximum allowable value, a low drying agent temperature is used. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and quality of the drying process. The goal is achieved by the fact that each column is equipped with guide elements made in the form of three plates, one of which is vertical and the other two are at the same angle to it, and all the plates are made triangular holes that are in pairs aligned with each other, and each hole is open on one side, and on the opposite side, it is closed by a plug, and on each side of the vertical plate, the plugs and holes are alternated M and attached to them additional guides, also connected to the vertical plate. In addition, the columns are combined in pairs, each column of the first pair being equipped with a heat and mass exchanger, and the pressure chamber of the second pair of columns is divided by a vertical partition into two manifolds, one of which is connected to a source of cooling air. Such a constructive solution allows periodically, in the course of grain movement, to mix it. A part of the most heated grain, located along the wall from the entrance of the drying agent, moves to the opposite wall, in turn, the less heated grain takes the place of the more heated one. Entering agent drying cher the holes in the plates improve the contact of the drying agent with the grain, as a result of which the moisture process is intensified. - In FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the proposed entity; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 — node 1 to FIG. 1 (increased); in fig. 4 is an axonometric projection of the node B in FIG. 1 (fragment). The dryer contains storage bins 1 and 2, pre-heating chamber 3, heat and mass exchange 4, first drying chamber 5, second drying chamber 6, third drying chamber 7, pre-cooling chamber 8, final cooling chamber 9. All chambers 5–9 are located in parallel spaced perforated columns 10, equipped with guide elements 11 made in the form of three plates, one of which is vertical 12, and the other two 13 and 14 are inclined to it at the same angle. Additional guides 15 are attached to the vertical plate 12, and in all the plates there are triangular holes 16, which are pairwise aligned with each other, and each hole is open on one side, and on the opposite side is closed by a plug 17 in the form of a prism, and on each side vertical plate 12 plugs and holes are alternated. In this case, columns 10 are combined in pairs and a heat and mass exchange 4 is located in each column of the first pair. The discharge chambers 18 are placed between the columns 10, the discharge chamber of the second pair of columns being divided by a vertical partition 19 into two manifolds 20 and 21, one of which 21 is connected to a source of cold air (not shown) and to chambers 8 and 9 of preliminary and final cooling. At the exit of each pair of columns, dual air-grooves 22 and 23 are installed, associated with noria 24 and 25. The dryer also has chambers 26 for collecting partially spent drying agent. The drying process is carried out as follows. The raw grain first enters the storage bin 1, then into the first pair of columns 10 and passes through the preheating chamber 3 in succession in which the guide elements 11, the heat and mass exchanger 4, and the first drying chamber 5 are placed. From the drying chamber 5 the grain enters 22, with one grain flow going to noria 24 and returning to heat exchanger 4 (the first recirculation circuit), and the second flow going norium 25 to a storage bin 2, from which part of the grain is sent first to the second yl chamber 6 and then into the third chamber 7 sushilOnuyu from which eernopostupaet in left compartment 23 and the double chanels in noriyu 25 (second recirculation loop). The second grain flow from the hopper 2 enters the pre-cooling chamber 8, and then into the final cooling chamber 9. Dried, cooled grain is stored. The chambers 26 serve to collect the partially spent drying agent, which is then sent for recycling to the furnace, to the preheating chamber, or as an energy source to an absorption refrigeration unit that produces the cold used in the final cooling chamber. All this characterizes the superslich described as economical and providing high quality of the drying process. Claims 1. Dryer for bulk materials containing several parallel perforated columns with pressure chambers between them. characterized in that, in order to intensify the drying process, increase efficiency and quality, each column is equipped with guiding elements made in the form of three plates, one of which is vertical, and the other two are at the same angle to it, and in all the plates are made with triangular holes, in pairs I aligned with each other, and each hole is open on one side and closed on the opposite side, with the plugs and holes arranged alternately on each side of the vertical plate and ikrepleny additional rails are also connected to the vertical plate. 2. Dryer pop. 1, the difference is that the columns are combined in pairs, each column of the first pair having a heat and mass exchanger, the discharge chamber of the second pair of columns is divided by a vertical partition into two manifolds, one of which is connected to a source of cooling air. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Samochetov V.F. et al. Technical base of grain-receiving enterprises (grain drying), M., Kolos, 1978, p. 160 2. The patent of Germany 2507924, cl. 82 a, 10, pub. 1972. 3. Patent of France No. 2313647, cl. F 26 V 17/14, published. 1976. sixteen / 6 7