SU803904A1 - Method of preparing seedlings for planting - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to rural and forestry and can be used to prepare tree plantings, shrubs and fruit suitable for planting.

Methods are known for producing planting material in the form of briquettes with seedlings, based on the use of multicomponent peat mixtures containing organic, mineral additives and binders 1 and 2 as the substrate material.

However, with the implementation of these methods, the preparation of multicomponent mixtures requires additional operations for sieving, dosing and mixing the components. In addition, the binders impart mechanical strength to the briquette, but have a negative effect from the point of view of biological factors.

There is also known a method for producing a planting material with a closed root system, which provides for preforming according to a certain technology from a single-component peat mass of hygroscopic peat plates for

making briquettes on cutting machines 3.

According to this method, the briquette is made of a composite of two parts of the same shape that adjoin along a longitudinal surface, between which the root system of the seedling is placed.

Peat tiles with seedlings on the periphery are fastened with perforated polyethylene tape or glued together with a special paste. The seedlings packed in rolls or bags enter the impregnation basin to saturate the briquettes with the necessary minerals and water.

However, this method, based on the complex technology of obtaining a substrate plate by a wet method from highland low-grade peat, requires the use of special equipment, as well as compliance with a number of complex thermal engineering requirements for the process. The production of substrate plates is based on the introduction of a large mass of water into the original peat and on its subsequent removal during plate molding and by evaporation during the drying process.

which in turn increases the cost of production of planting material.

In addition, from a biological point of view, the placement of seedlings between two solid dry plates does not allow the roots to grow freely.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the complexity of the method and improve the growth conditions of seedlings.

The goal is achieved by using high-mob slightly decomposed peat with natural humidity and fractions of 1-3 mm, which are pressed around the root system of the seedling before the briquette is put into a 2.5- 3.5 times.

The use of natural moisture peat with fractions of 1-3 mm, as well as pressing peat to reduce its original volume by 2.5-3.5 times before enclosing a briquette with seedlings into the shell, allows to reduce the cost of production, to obtain briquettes with a density corresponding to biological and the mechanical requirements imposed on it. At the same time, the manufactured briquette retains its shape well until it is wrapped in the continuous production of planting material with closed roots, since in this mode of pressing of the indicated starting material, the briquette does not exhibit elastic deformations.

It was established experimentally that the compression of this material less than 2.5 times makes it impossible to obtain a briquette with mechanical strength sufficient to encapsulate it, and also adversely affects the biological viability of the plant (excessive looseness and the presence of air bags in the briquette) .

On the other hand, the compression of this source material is over 3.5 times the original volume, although it leads to an increase in the strength parameters of the briquette, but it significantly reduces its biological qualities.

Thus, pressing the substrate 2.5-3.5 times is optimal from the point of view of biological and mechanical parameters, and the briquettes obtained in this way give the best biological effect, and their mechanical parameters allow them to be placed in a shell for the preparation of additional mechanical strength in the continuous production of planting material.

The technological process of obtaining planting material according to the proposed method is carried out as follows.

The topless slightly decomposed peat is fed to the sifter without additional humidification by the conveyor system to remove extraneous large inclusions, from where it enters, for example, into a screw mixer, where it is brought to the size of fractions 1-3 mm. Then peat enters the receiving bunkers of the device for forming briquettes, where peat is pressed around the root system of seedlings under a pressure of 1.2-1.5 kg / cm to reduce its original volume by 2.5-3.5 times. The briquette formed in this way is pushed onto a conveyor belt by means of a collider, where it is enclosed between two tapes, for example, from a polyethylene film. Polyethylene tapes are welded using a welding device so that each briquette is placed in a pocket made to the size of the briquette. Briquettes in plastic wrap are moistened. Example. When testing the proposed method, the following operations are performed.

1. The top underdeveloped peat without additional moistening by the conveyor system is fed to the sieve. The device is used to remove extraneous large inclusions, from where it enters the screw mixer, where it is brought to the size of fractions in the range of 1-3.5 mm (three groups of less than 1 mm, from 1 to 3 mm and from 3 mm and above).

2. A peat with the sizes of the tested fractions enters the receiving hoppers of a semi-automatic machine for briquetting PEC-5, where peat is pressed around the root system of seedlings until its original size is reduced (three groups of compression factors are alternately tested 1.5-2.5 times, 2.5-3.5 times and over 3.5 times).

3. The briquette formed in this way is pushed onto the conveyor belt with the help of a colliding device, where it is placed between two tapes of polyethylene film. Polyethylene tapes are welded using a welding device in such a way that each briquette is placed in a pocket made to the size of the briquette. Briquettes in plastic wrap are moistened.

As a result of the tests, it was established that the compression of the indicated starting material less than 2.5 times the initial volume does not allow one to obtain a briquette with mechanical strength sufficient for enclosing it, and also adversely affects the biological viability of the plant. Compression of this source material is 3.5 times or more of the original volume, although it leads to an increase in the strength parameters of the briquette, but significantly reduces its biological qualities.

The feasibility of the proposed method lies in the fact that it reduces the cost of

the production of planting material by forming briquettes directly from a single-component peat mass without additional moisture with fractions of 1-3 mm.

Pressing the briquettes around the seedling root system to 2.5-3.5 times the initial volume reduces provides the possibility of obtaining briquettes with optimal biological properties and necessary for enclosing them in the continuous production of mechanical strength, which in turn creates a real possibility of automating the planting process. seedlings in connection with uniform briquette parameters.

Claims (3)

Invention Formula A method of preparing planting material for planting, which involves pressing briquettes from a single-component peat mass, embedding a seedling into it, followed by placing a briquette with a seedling into the shell, characterized in that, in order to reduce the complexity of the method and improve the growth conditions of seedlings, as a single-component peat the masses use riding poorly decomposed peat with natural moisture and fractions of 1-3 mm, which, before enclosing the briquette, are pressed into the shell around the root system of the seedling to decrease The initial volume of peat is 2.5-3.5 times. Sources of information taken into account in the examination, 1. Patent of the USSR No. 384199, cl. A 01 G 9 / 1U 1971. 2. Patent of the USSR No. 465765, cl. AOI G9 / 1U 1972. 3. “Forest planting material“ Brika. Riga, “Zinatne, 1974.