SU798311A1

SU798311A1 - Safety roof support

Info

Publication number: SU798311A1
Application number: SU782696834A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Петрович Петренко; Петр Александрович Васюков; Павел Сергеевич Исаев; Геннадий Михайлович Богомолов; Сергей Николаевич Власов; Нариман Александрович Простов; Николай Дмитриевич Писарев; Олег Яковлевич Цагикян; Олег Петрович Жебенев; Валентин Иванович Казарин; Борис Митрофанович Володин
Original assignee: Специальное Конструкторско-Технологическоебюро Главтоннельметростроя
Priority date: 1978-12-14
Filing date: 1978-12-14
Publication date: 1981-01-23

Description

Изобретение относится к подземному строительству, в частности к средствам для поддержания выработанного пространства незакрепленных участков гррных выработок переменной кривизны, 5 в том числе и прямолинейных, при ведении работ в неустойчивых горных породах и может быть использовано в горнорудной промышленности и тоннельном строительстве. > .The invention relates to underground construction, in particular to means for maintaining the developed space of unsecured sections of gravel excavations of variable curvature, 5 including straight ones, when conducting work in unstable rocks and can be used in the mining industry and tunnel construction. >.

Известна крепь, .которая состоит из ряда рам, выполненных из листовой рессорной стали и связанных между собой в продольном направлении гидродомкратами. Рамы опираются на раздвижное 15 основание, причем передняя и задняя рама жестко закреплены на нем, а остальные контактируют с основанием с помощью опор качения. На рамках по периметру закреплены фигурные продоль-20 ные затяжные элементы, передняя часть которых имеет уширения по отношению к задней, при этом в сдвинутом положении крепи уширенные части затяжных элементов последующей рамы размеща- 25 ются между узкими частями затяжных элементов предыдущей рама. Затяжные элементы передней рамы кроме того между собой соединены поперечными гидродомкратами распора [1/). 30There is a known support, which consists of a series of frames made of sheet spring steel and interconnected in the longitudinal direction by hydraulic jacks. The frames are supported on a sliding base 15, the front and rear frames being rigidly fixed to it, and the rest are in contact with the base using rolling bearings. On the perimeter frame, curly longitudinal-20 long-lasting elements are fixed, the front part of which has broadening relative to the rear, while in the shifted position of the lining the broadened parts of the long elements of the next frame are placed between the narrow parts of the long elements of the previous frame. The lingering elements of the front frame are also interconnected by transverse hydraulic jacks of the thrust [1 /). thirty

Недостатки этой крепи следующие:The disadvantages of this lining are as follows:

1. Сложность конструкции, заключающаяся в наличии большого количества фигурных затяжных элементов, находящихся в совместной работе при передвижении крепи.1. The complexity of the design, consisting in the presence of a large number of curly lingering elements that are in collaboration when moving the lining.

2. Затяжные элементы имеют распорные домкраты только на передней раме, что не позволяет создать необходимей распор на горную выработку или снять распор при передвижении крепи .2. The lingering elements have expansion jacks only on the front frame, which does not allow creating the necessary extension for mining or removing the extension when moving the lining.

3. Возможность деформации затяжных элементов, что может привести к выходу крепи из строя.3. The possibility of deformation of the protracted elements, which can lead to the failure of the lining.

4. Крепь невозможно применить на криволинейных участках,поскольку конструкция затяжных элементов не позволяет крепи занимать криволинейное положение.4. The lining cannot be applied on curved sections, since the design of the lingering elements does not allow the lining to occupy a curved position.

Известна также предохранительная крепь, включающая несущие арочные рама, связи, соединяющие рама друг с другом, гидроцилиндры· передвижения и распора 12].Also known is a safety support, including bearing arched frames, ties connecting the frame to each other, hydraulic cylinders · movement and pressure 12].

Недостатки крепи, затрудняющие ее использование для поддержания выработанного пространства криволинейных участков горных выработок заключаются в следующем:The disadvantages of the lining, which complicates its use to maintain the worked out space of the curved sections of the mine workings, are as follows:

1. Затруднена установка рам крепи на криволинейных участках, поскольку рамы не имеют средств для фиксированного раздвижения относительно друг друга.1. It is difficult to install the support frames in curved sections, since the frames do not have means for a fixed extension relative to each other.

2. Для передвижения крепи необходимо снимать распор одновременно со всех рам, что может привести к вывалам пород в момент передвижения крепи.2. To move the lining, it is necessary to remove the spacer at the same time from all frames, which can lead to rock outfalls at the time of the lining movement.

повьаиение надежкриволинейных горизменякщимся попереч)0 цель достигается тем,the development of a highly linear horizontally transverse) 0 the goal is achieved by

3. Крепь не обеспечивает хорошего контактирования с поверхностью стен криволинейных участков горных выработок, поскольку не может воспринимать боковое горное давление при увеличении сечения горных выработок на закруглениях.3. The lining does not provide good contact with the surface of the walls of the curved sections of the mine workings, since it cannot absorb lateral mountain pressure with an increase in the cross section of the mine workings on curves.

Наиболее близкой к предлагаемой по технической сущности является проходческая крепь, включающая гидродомкраты передвижения и арочные рамы, каждые из которых выполнены из двух полурам, которые соединены между собой поперечиной переменной длины, поступательной кинематической парой, установленной в сводовой части и гидроцилиндром распора [3] .Closest to the proposed technical essence is tunnel support, including hydraulic jacks and arched frames, each of which is made of two half-frames, which are interconnected by a variable length cross member, translational kinematic pair installed in the arched part and a thrust hydraulic cylinder [3].

Недостатком Нцанной крепи является низкая надежность крепления криволинейных выработок с изменяющимся поперечным сечением.The disadvantage of Ntsannaya lining is the low reliability of fastening of curved workings with a varying cross section.

Цель изобретения ности крепления ных выработок с ным сечением.The purpose of the invention is to fasten mine workings with a cross section.

Поставленная что гидродомкраты передвижения установлены по концам полурам, а кинематическая поступательная пара выполнена из вилки с продольной прорезью и проушины с пальцем, который размещен в прорези вилки.It is posed that the hydraulic jacks for the movement are installed at the ends of the half-holes, and the kinematic translational pair is made of a fork with a longitudinal slot and an eye with a finger, which is placed in the slot of the fork.

На фиг. 1 схематически изображена предлагаемая крепь, общий вид; на фиг. 2 - вид А на фиг. 1; на фиг.З кинематическая поступательная пара, узел 1 на на фиг.2; на фиг. 4 виц Б на фиг. 3.In FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed lining, General view; in FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. 1; in Fig.3 kinematic translational pair, node 1 in Fig.2; in FIG. 4 Vice B in FIG. 3.

Предохранительная крепь включает несущие арочные рамл 1, которые соединены между собой верхним 2 и боковыми 3 продольными гидродомкратами перемещения. Каждая рама крепи выпол йена из двух полурам 4, которые в сводовой части соединены кинематической поступательной парой 5, а в средней части через оси 6 - поперечиной 7 переменной длины, например телескопической, распираемой гидроцилиндром 8 распора. В нижней части арочных рам закреплены гидроцилиндры распора. Кинематическая поступательная па5 состоит из жестко закрепленной одной полураме 4 крепи проушины 10 вилки 11. На проушине который вместе ра на а на другой закреплен палец 12, с проушиной может перемещаться в прорези 13 вилки, ограничивая ход пере мещения. Кинематическая поступательная пара приводится в действие гидроцилиндром 14 распора.Safety lining includes supporting arched frames 1, which are interconnected by upper 2 and lateral 3 longitudinal movement jacks. Each support frame is made of two half-frames 4, which in the arched part are connected by a kinematic translational pair 5, and in the middle part through axes 6 - by a cross-member 7 of variable length, for example a telescopic one, bursting with a hydraulic cylinder 8 of a thrust. At the bottom of the arched frames are fixed hydraulic rams. The kinematic translational pa5 consists of one half frame 4 of the eyelet 10 of the fork 11. The eyelet which is mounted together with the eye 12 and the other finger 12 is fixed on the eye, which can move with the eyelet in the slot 13 of the plug, restricting the movement. The kinematic translational pair is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 14 thrust.

Предохранительная крепь работает следующим образом.Safety support works as follows.

В исходном положении арочные рамя 1 крепи находятся в сдвинутом состоянии, гидроцилиндры 8,9 и 14 распора расперты и все раки крепи воспринимают горное давление.In the initial position, the arch frame 1 of the lining is in a shifted state, the hydraulic cylinders 8.9 and 14 of the thrust are open and all the crayfish lining perceive the mountain pressure.

По мере выемки породы производится передвижение крепи в призабойную зону, для чего с.помощью гидроцилиндров 8,9,14 снимается .распор с. головной рамы 1, включаются продольные гидродомкраты 2 и 3 перемещения и производится перемещение рамя к з аСою. ,As the rock is excavated, the lining is moved to the bottom-hole zone, for which, with the help of hydraulic cylinders 8,9,14, the spacer is removed. the head frame 1, the longitudinal hydraulic jacks 2 and 3 of the movement are switched on and the frame is moved to the base. ,

Далее гидроцилиндрами 8,9 и 14 распора распирается головная рама 1 и аналогичным образом по мере подвигания забоя производится поочередно передвижка следующих рам до их полной раздвижки. Шаг раздвижения рам крепи выбирается в зависимости от крепости пород.Next, the hydraulic cylinders 8,9 and 14 of the thrust burst the head frame 1 and in the same way as the bottom moves, the following frames are alternately moved until they are fully extended. The step of expanding the frames of the lining is selected depending on the strength of the rocks.

Одновременно с выемкой породы можно сооружать обделку под прикрытием крепи. По мере подвигания обделки выработки хвостовые рамы крепи сдвигаются .Simultaneously with the excavation of the breed, it is possible to construct a lining under the cover of a lining. As the lining of the mine moves, the tail frames of the lining shift.

Рамы крепи в зависимости от кривизны участка выработки раздвигаются и устанавливаются по радиусу закругления, что осуществляется различной величиной раздвижения боковых продольных гидроцилиндров 3.The support frames, depending on the curvature of the production area, are moved apart and set along the radius of curvature, which is carried out by different sizes of the lateral longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 3.

Предложенная крепь может найти широкое применение при проведении горных выработок в неустойчивых породах как на криволинейных, так и на прямолинейных участках. Особенно целесообразно применение крепи при ведении проходческих работ в выработках небольшой длины, таких как выработки околоствольных дворов, различные закругления и сопряжения в сочетании с прямолинейными участками, поскольку конструкция крепи позволяет поддерживать породы горных выработок различных сечений: уширенное - для участков закруглений и нормальное - для прямолинейных участков.The proposed lining can be widely used in mining in unstable rocks in both curved and straight sections. It is especially advisable to use supports in tunneling operations in short workings, such as the development of near-barrel yards, various roundings and mates in combination with straight sections, since the support structure allows supporting rock of mine workings of various sections: broadened for rounding sections and normal for straight plots.

Применение крепи позволит исключить работы проходчиков в незакрепленной зоне, указанных выработок и создать безопасные условия труда проходчикам, позволит ликвидировать операции работ по возведению временной крепи и сэкономить большое количество материалов, используемых в качестве временной крепи.The use of lining will exclude the work of tunnel workers in an unsecured zone, of these workings and create safe working conditions for tunnel workers, will eliminate the operation of erecting temporary lining and save a large number of materials used as temporary lining.

Claims

The invention relates to underground construction, in particular, to means for maintaining the open space of unfixed sections of mountain workings of varying curvature, including linear ones, when working in unstable rocks and can be used in the mining industry and tunnel construction. The well-known lining consists of a row of frames made of reel-shaped steel and connected in the longitudinal direction with hydraulic jacks. The frames rest on the sliding base, the front and rear paNu being rigidly fixed on it, and the rest in contact with the base using rolling bearings. The circumferential tightening elements are fixed on the frames along the perimeter; their anterior parts are broadened with respect to the rear, while in the shifted position of the support, the broadened parts of the tightening elements of the subsequent frame are placed between the narrow parts of the tightening elements of the previous rail. The fastening elements of the front ram are also interconnected by lateral hydraulic jacks of the thrust 11. The disadvantages of this support are as follows: 1. The complexity of the design, consisting in the presence of a large number of figured tightening elements that are in joint operation when moving the support. 2. The securing elements have expansion jacks only on the front frame, which does not allow to create the necessary strut for mine workings or to remove thrust when moving the supports. 3. The possibility of deformation of tightening elements, which can lead to the release of lining from the building. 4. The support cannot be applied on curved sections, since the construction of tightening elements does not allow the support to take a curved position. Safety lining is also known, including supporting arched paNbi, connections connecting pai "i with each other, hydraulic cylinders for movement and expansion 2. The disadvantages of lining, which make it difficult to use to maintain the developed space of curvilinear sections of mine workings, are as follows: 1. It is difficult to install the support frames on curvilinear sections, because the frames do not have the means for fixed separation against each other. 2. To move the support, it is necessary to remove the thrust simultaneously from all the frames, which can lead to rock digging at the moment of the movement of the support. 3. The support does not ensure good contact with the surface of the walls of curved sections of mine workings, since it cannot perceive lateral rock pressure with increasing cross-section of mine workings on roundings. The closest to the proposed technical entity is a rail support, including hydraulic jacks and arched paNw K & xf.ae of which are made of two half-frames, which are connected between a variable-length cross member, translational kinematic pair, installed in the arched part and hydraulic cylinder thrust GZ. The disadvantage of Sdanny lining is the low reliability of fastening of curved linear workings with varying cross-section. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliance of fastening curved mine workings with variations in cross section. The goal is achieved by the fact that the hydraulic jacks of movement are installed at the ends of the half-frames, and the kinematic translational pair is made of a fork with a longitudinal slot and an eyelet with a finger, which is placed in a slotting machine. FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed lining, general view; FIG. 2 is a view A of FIG. one; in FIG. 3, a kinematic translational pair; node 1 in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 Vic B in FIG. 3. Safety lining includes supporting arched ralls 1, which are connected to each other by the top 2 and side 3 longitudinal hydraulic jacks of movement. Each support frame is made of two half-frames 4, which are connected in the arched part by a kinematic translational pair 5, and in the middle part through axis 6 - by a cross-member 7 of variable length, for example, a telescopic one, pulled by a hydraulic cylinder 8. In the lower part of the arched frames are fixed hydraulic cylinders 9 thrust. The kinematic pair 5 consists of a fixed lid on one half of the frame 4 and an eyelet on the other, a plug 11. A pin 12 is fixed on the eyelet, which, together with a pinch, can be inserted into the plug for 13, limiting the course of the transition. The kinematic pair of steam is driven by the thrust hydro-cylinder 14. Protective lining works as follows. In the initial position, the arched frame 1 of the support is in a displaced state, the hydraulic cylinders 8.9 and 14 of the thrust are open and all of the supports receive rock pressure. As the rock is excavated, the support is moved to the bottomhole zone, for which, using the hydraulic cylinders 8, 9, 14, aspor is removed. Head 1, the longitudinal hydraulic jacks 2 and 3 are moved and moving to 3 ACOM is performed. Next, the head frame 1 is spread by the hydraulic cylinders 8.9 and 14 of the thrust and similarly as the bottom moves, the next frames are moved apart to their full separation. The step of extending the support frames is selected depending on the strength of the rocks. Simultaneously with the excavation of porbda, it is possible to construct a lining under the cover of the lining. As the lining protrudes, the tail frames of the lining shift. The support frames, depending on the curvature of the working area, are moved apart and set along the radius of rounding, which is accomplished by varying the amount of lateral longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 3 expanding. The proposed support can be widely used when carrying out mine workings in unstable rocks as well as in straight sections. It is especially advisable to use support when conducting tunnel works in workings of small length, such as workings of near-barrel yards, various roundings and mates in conjunction with straight sections, because the construction of support allows maintaining rocks of mine workings of various sections: wider - for sections of roundings and normal - for straight sections. The use of lining will eliminate the work of penetrators in the loose zone of these workings and create safer working conditions for drifts, will eliminate the operations of the construction of temporary lining and save a large amount of materials used as temporary lining. Claims of the invention Safety lining, including hydraulic jacks of movement and arched crayfish, each of which is made of two half-frames, which are connected between each other by a cross-section of transverse length, translational kinematic pair, installed in the arched part and the hydraulic cylinder of the thrust, which increasing the reliability of fastening curvilinear mine workings with their cross-sections varying their cross-section, the hydraulic jacks of movement are installed at the ends of paluras, and the kinematic translational pair is made of a fork with a longitudinal slot .and eye with a finger, which is housed in the fork slots. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. German Patent 2436807, cl. 5 from 19/04, published on 12/23/76.

2. Petrenko V.P. The construction of hydraulic tunnels of small sections using mobile lining. Energy Construction, 1978, 1, p. 20-23.

3.Patent of the USSR in application 2534916 / 22-03, cl. E 21 D.19 / 04, 15.10.76 (prototype)

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