SU792302A1

SU792302A1 - Transformer

Info

Publication number: SU792302A1
Application number: SU782599296A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Михаил Васильевич Кошель; Игорь Юрьевич Мелешко; Вольф Юдович Френкель; Александр Львович Хенкин
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я В-8833
Priority date: 1978-04-04
Filing date: 1978-04-04
Publication date: 1980-12-30

Description

Изобретение относится к электротехнике и может быть использовано в мощных силовых, печных и других трансформаторах с большим потоком рассеяния отводов.The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in powerful power, furnace and other transformers with a large scattering flux of taps.

Известны трансформаторы, содержа- ^:щие магнитопровод, обмотки и бак, у которых обмотки низкого напряжения (НН) рассчитаны на большие токи, достигающие десятков килоампер. Нитки обмотки НН уложены по винтовой линии, с некоторым уклоном по отношению к горизонтальной плоскостиKnown transformers are those containing ^{: a} magnetic circuit, windings and a tank, for which the low voltage (LV) windings are designed for high currents reaching tens of kiloamperes. HV winding threads are laid along a helical line, with some slope with respect to the horizontal plane

Наличие наклона витков по отношению к горизонтальной плоскости ухудшает ха- , рактеристики индукционных аппаратов: ухудшается заполнение окна магнитопро— вода, а перекос поля рассеяния вызывает пополнительные потери .в элементах металлоконструкции. _г The presence of a tilt of the turns with respect to the horizontal plane worsens the characteristics of the induction apparatus: the filling of the magnetic conductor window worsens, and the bias of the scattering field causes additional losses in the elements of the metal structure. _g

Наиболее близким по технической сущности является трансформатор, содержащий магнитопровод, обмотки и бак. в котором витки обмоток НН не имеют уклона по от— ношению к горизонтальной плоскости (витки расположены горизонтально), а переходы между смежными витками выполнены на одной образующей [2J .The closest in technical essence is a transformer containing a magnetic circuit, windings and a tank. in which the turns of the LV windings do not have a slope relative to the horizontal plane (turns are located horizontally), and the transitions between adjacent turns are made on the same generatrix [2J.

При прохождении токов по обмоткам и отводам индукционных аппаратов в окружающем пространстве возникают электромагнитные поля, которые вызывают потери из-за возникновения вихревых токов в стенках баков, изготавливаемых, как правило, из ферромагнитных материалов.When currents flow through the windings and taps of induction devices in the surrounding space, electromagnetic fields arise that cause losses due to the occurrence of eddy currents in the walls of the tanks, which are made, as a rule, from ferromagnetic materials.

В конструкции обмоток НН трансформатора в зоне переходов, где ток обмотки изменяет свое направление в пространстве, происходит деформация поля рассеяния, вызывающая дополнительный поток рассеяния, циркулирующий в горизонтальной плоскости.In the design of the windings of the LV transformer in the transition zone, where the current of the winding changes its direction in space, the scattering field is deformed, causing an additional scattering flux circulating in the horizontal plane.

Таким образом, кроме добавочных потерь в стенке бака от полей рассеяния обмотки и отводов возникают еще дополнительные потери, вызываемые потоком рассеяния, возникающим от деформации поля рассеяния в зоне переходов.Thus, in addition to the additional losses in the tank wall from the scattering fields of the windings and taps, there are additional losses caused by the scattering flux arising from the deformation of the scattering field in the transition zone.

Величина всех этих потерь, приходящаяся на единицу поверхности стенки бака, пропорциональная удельному поверхностному сопротивлению и квадрату касательной составляющей напряженности электро— $ магнитного поля у стенки бака.The magnitude of all these losses per unit surface area of the tank wall is proportional to the specific surface resistance and the square of the tangent component of the electromagnetic field strength at the tank wall.

Целью изобретения является снижение добавочных потерь в металлоконструкции индукционных аппаратов, вызываемых деформацией поля рассеяния в зоне вы- ю полнения межвитковых переходов в обмотках НН.The aim of the invention is to reduce the additional losses in the metal structures of induction apparatus caused by the deformation of the scattering field in the area of the highest degree of interturn transitions in the LV windings.

Цель достигается тем, что параллельно в зоне образующей, на которой выполнены межвитковые переходы, установлена 15 вертикальная токоведущая шина, нижний конец которой соединен с нижним концом . обмотки.The goal is achieved by the fact that in parallel in the generatrix zone, on which the inter-turn transitions are made, 15 vertical current-carrying busbars are installed, the lower end of which is connected to the lower end. windings.

На фиг. 1 изображен трансформатор, общий вид с вырывом в зоне выполнения jo межвитковых переходов обмотки НН; на фиг. 2 — зона межвитковых переходов, план.In FIG. 1 shows a transformer, a general view with a gap in the run area jo of inter-turn transitions of the LV winding; in FIG. 2 - zone of interturn transitions, plan.

Трансформатор содержит бак 1, стержневой магнитопровод 2 и обмотки НН 3 25 и ВН 4, установленные на стержнях магнитопровода. Обмотки НН 3 однослойные и рассчитаны на большие токи.The transformer contains a tank 1, a core magnetic core 2 and windings HH 3 25 and HH 4 mounted on the rods of the magnetic circuit. HV 3 windings are single-layer and are designed for high currents.

Все витки 5 обмоток НН расположены параллельно горизонтальной плоскости. зо Переходы 6 между смежными витками обмотки выполнены на одной образующей. Параллельно образующей, т. е. зоне выполнения межвитковых переходов 6, установлена токоведущая шина 7, нижний ко— нец которой подсоединяется к нижнему концу 8 обмотки НН. Верхний конец шины 7 и верхний отвод 9 обмотки НН подсоединяются к выводам НН.All turns 5 of the LV windings are parallel to the horizontal plane. zo Transitions 6 between adjacent turns of the winding are made on one generatrix. Parallel to the generatrix, that is, the zone for performing the inter-turn transitions 6, a current-carrying bus 7 is installed, the lower end of which is connected to the lower end 8 of the LV winding. The upper end of the bus 7 and the upper tap 9 of the LV coil are connected to the LV terminals.

При работе трансформатора ток, проте— кающий по виткам обмоток, создает в вертикальной плоскости поле рассеяния, симметричное относительно оси стержня магнитопровода. В местах переходов 6 ток отклоняется от горизонтального направления, вследствие чего поле рассеяния деформируется, Появляется горизонтальная составляющая потока рассеяния; эквивалентная потоку рассеяния, создаваемому номинальным током, протекающим вдоль образующей, по которой выполнены переходы. Ток, протекающий по вертикальной шине 7 (см. фиг. 2) во встречном направлении, создает в горизонтальной плоскости поток рассеяния, противоположи ный горизонтальной составляющей потока рассеяния, создаваемой обмоткой в зоне переходов 6. Противоположно направленные горизонтальные потоки взаимно компенсируются, что обеспечивает снижение добавочных потерь в стенке бака.When the transformer is operating, the current flowing through the turns of the windings creates a scattering field in the vertical plane that is symmetrical about the axis of the core of the magnetic circuit. At the junctions 6, the current deviates from the horizontal direction, as a result of which the scattering field is deformed. The horizontal component of the scattering flux appears; equivalent to the scattering flux created by the rated current flowing along the generatrix along which the transitions are made. The current flowing along the vertical bus 7 (see Fig. 2) in the opposite direction creates a scattering flux in the horizontal plane, which is opposite to the horizontal component of the scattering flux created by the winding in the transition zone 6. The oppositely directed horizontal fluxes are mutually compensated, which reduces additional losses in the tank wall.

Claims

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in high-power power, furnace and other transformers, with a large flow of diversions. Transformers are known that contain magnetic cores, windings, and a tank, in which low voltage (LV) windings are designed for high currents reaching tens of kiloamps. The winding threads NN laid along a helix, with a certain slope relative to the horizontal plane Tl1. The presence of an inclination of BITKOV in relation to the horizontal plane degrades the characteristics of the induction apparatuses: the filling of the magnetic conductor window deteriorates, and the scattering of the scattering field causes additional losses in metal construction elements. The closest in technical terms is a transformer containing a winding magnetic core and a tank in which the turns of the low voltage windings do not have a slope relative to the horizontal plane (the turns are horizontal) and the transitions between adjacent turns are made on the same generator G2 | . With the passage of currents through the windings and tapping of induction apparatuses, electromagnetic fields arise in the surrounding space, which cause losses due to the occurrence of eddy currents in the walls of tanks, which are usually made of ferromagnetic materials. In the construction of the NOR transformer windings in the transition zone, where the winding current changes its direction in space, a stray field is deformed, causing an additional scattering flow circulating in the horizontal plane. Thus, in addition to the additional losses in the tank wall from the fields of the scattering of the winding and the taps, there are additional losses caused by the scattering flow arising from the deformation of the scattering field in the transition zone. The magnitude of all these losses, per unit surface of the tank wall, is proportional to the specific surface resistance and the square of the tangential component of the electromagnetic field strength at the tank wall. The aim of the invention is to reduce the additional losses in the metal constructions of induction apparatuses caused by the deformation of the stray field in the zone of inter-turn transitions in the windings of the LV. The goal is achieved by the fact that in parallel in the zone of the generatrix on which the inter-turn transitions are performed, a vertical conductor bus is installed, the lower end of which is connected to the lower end. windings. FIG. Figure 1 shows a transformer, a general view with an exhaustion in the zone of performing crosswind transitions of a low-voltage winding; in fig. 2 - zone of interturn transitions, plan. The transformer contains tank 1, a rod magnetic circuit 2 and windings HH 3 and HH 4 mounted on the cores of the magnetic circuit. Winding HH 3 monolayer and designed for high currents. All turns 5 windings NN are located parallel to the horizontal plane. Transitions 6 between adjacent windings are made on one generator. In parallel with the generator, i.e., the inter-turn transition zone b, a busbar 7 is installed, the lower end of which is connected to the lower end 8 of the LV winding. The upper end of the tire 7 and the upper branch 9 of the low voltage winding are connected to the low voltage terminals. When the transformer is in operation, the current flowing through the turns of the windings creates a stray field in the vertical plane. symmetrical about the axis of the core of the magnetic circuit. At transition sites 6, the current deviates from the horizontal direction, as a result of which the stray field is deformed. The horizontal component of the scatter flux appears; is equivalent to the scattering flux generated by the nominal current flowing along the generatrix along which the transitions are made. The current flowing along the vertical bus 7 (see Fig. 2) in the opposite direction creates in the horizontal plane a scattering flow opposite to the horizontal component of the scattering flow created by the winding in the transition zone 6. The oppositely directed horizontal flows are mutually compensated, which ensures reduction of additional losses in the tank wall. Claims of the Invention A transformer comprising a core magnetic core with windings, one of which is made single-layer with transitions between adjacent turns made along one generatrix, so that KW n and in order to reduce losses busbar installed in the transition zone parallel to the generator and connected to the lower end of the lower end of the winding. Sources of information taken into account in the examination of t 1.Sapozhnikov A.V. Designing transformers. SEI, 1959, p. 120

2. The patent of Germany No. 1091665, cl. 2ld 49, 1961.