SU783577A1

SU783577A1 - Capacitive angle transducer

Info

Publication number: SU783577A1
Application number: SU792723878A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Петр Петрович Гараев; Виталий Федорович Руденко; Борис Александрович Сарычев
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я Р-6324
Priority date: 1979-02-05
Filing date: 1979-02-05
Publication date: 1980-11-30

Description

Изобретение относится к области контрольноизмерительной техники и может быть использовано для преобразования угла поворота вала в электрический сигнал.The invention relates to the field of measurement technology and can be used to convert the angle of rotation of the shaft into an electrical signal.

Известен емкостный преобразователь угла, содержащий статорную диэлектрическую плас- ⁵тину, на которую нанесены (методом травления, напыления) рисунки двух полуколец статоров и колец токосъемников, электрически соединенных с входными клеммами, и роторную диэлектрическую пластину, на которой нанесены рисун-^,0ки двух симметрично расположенных роторов, переходящих в кольцевые поверхности емкостных токосъемников [11.Known capacitive angle transducer containing a stator dielectric plate ⁵ , on which are applied (by etching, spraying) drawings of two half rings of stators and rings of current collectors, electrically connected to the input terminals, and a rotor dielectric plate, on which are printed ^{, 0} ki of two symmetrically arranged rotors passing into the annular surface of capacitive current collectors [11.

Недостатком преобразователя, отрицательно сказывающимся на линейности выходных харак-¹⁵теристик, является чувствительность его к паразитной модуляции зазора между пластинами статора и ротора, происходящей за счет возможного перекоса и эксцентриситета ротора относительно статора.A disadvantage of the transducer adversely affecting the linearity of the output characteristic ¹⁵ teristics is its sensitivity to parasitic modulation of the gap between the stator and rotor plates, which occurs due to possible misalignment and eccentricity of the rotor relative to the stator.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности к изобретению является емкостный преобразователь угла, содержащий два статора, каждый из которых выполнен в виде двух полых соосных полуцилиндров- С-образного сечения, размещенных на диэлектрических основаниях и установленных со взаимным смещением на угол , и ротор, выполненный в виде двух полуцилиндров Т-образного сечения, расположенный в зазорах статоров [2].The closest in technical essence to the invention is a capacitive angle transducer containing two stators, each of which is made in the form of two hollow coaxial C-shaped half-cylinders placed on dielectric bases and installed with mutual displacement by an angle, and a rotor made in the form two half-cylinders of the T-shaped section located in the gaps of the stators [2].

Наличие трущегося токосъема в известном преобразователе при больших скоростях вращения резко увеличивает шумы из-за дребезга контактов, кроме того, нарушается линейность выходной характеристики. Простая замена контактного токосъема на емкостный в преобразователе приводит к значительному ухудшению линейности выходных характеристик.The presence of a rubbing current collector in the known converter at high rotational speeds sharply increases noise due to contact bounce, in addition, the linearity of the output characteristic is violated. A simple replacement of the contact current collector with a capacitive one in the converter leads to a significant deterioration in the linearity of the output characteristics.

Цель изобретения — повышение линейности выходной характеристики.The purpose of the invention is to increase the linearity of the output characteristics.

Преобразователь снабжен двумя дополнительными статорами, выполненными аналогично основным, установленными на те же основания и заземленными.The converter is equipped with two additional stators, made similarly to the main ones, mounted on the same bases and grounded.

На фиг. 1 изображена электрическая схема преобразователя; на фиг. 2 - выходные характеристики преобразователя; на фиг. 3 — поеоб· разователь с разнесенными элементами статоров, роторов и цилиндров емкостного токосъема.In FIG. 1 shows an electrical diagram of a converter; in FIG. 2 - output characteristics of the converter; in FIG. 3 - search engine with spaced elements of stators, rotors and cylinders of capacitive current collection.

Преобразователь содержит источник 1 питания, трансформатор 2, подвижные кольца 3 и 4 ротора, дифференциальные конденсаторы 5, об- ₅разованные поверхностями полуцилиндров 6 и 7 ротора, статоров 8 и 9 и дополнительных статоров 10 и И, буферные усилители 12 и 13.The converter comprises a power source 1, a transformer 2, movable ring 4 and rotor 3, differential capacitors 5, ₅ ob- razovannye surfaces of the half cylinders 6 and 7 of the rotor, the stator 8 and 9 and additional stators 10 and AND, buffer amplifiers 12 and 13.

Дополнительные статоры 10 и 11 и статоры 8, 9 преобразователя имеют одинаковую конструкцию и устанавливаются на первое диэлектрическое основание 14 и второе диэлектрическое основание 15 так, что каждый дополнительный статор и статор преобразователя образуют два соосных разрезных цилиндра. Плоскости разре- _ί5за соосных разрезных цилиндров, установленных на первое и второе диэлектрические основания, сдвинуты друг относительно друга на угол li/l.The additional stators 10 and 11 and the converter stators 8, 9 are of the same design and are mounted on the first dielectric base 14 and the second dielectric base 15 so that each additional stator and converter stator form two coaxial split cylinders. The cut planes _за5 behind the coaxial split cylinders mounted on the first and second dielectric bases are shifted relative to each other by an angle li / l.

На каждом диэлектрическом основании установлены неподвижные кольца 16 и 17, образу- ₂₀ющие с поверхностями подвижных колец 3 и 4 ротора емкостные токосъемники. Два полуцилиндра 6 и 7 ротора имеют Т-образное сечение и переходят в кольца токосъемников, Ротор устанавливается на диэлектрической втулке, жест- ₂₅ко связанной с валом, угловое перемещение которого контролируется.Each dielectric base mounted stationary rings 16 and 17, ₂₀ obrazu- guides with the movable surfaces of rings 3 and 4 of the rotor capacitive current collectors. Two half cylinder 6 and the rotor 7 has a T-shaped cross section and pass into the current collector rings, the rotor is mounted on a dielectric sleeve ₂₅ rigid with the shaft connected to the angular movement of which is controlled.

Принцип действия преобразователя основан на изменении площади перекрытия поверхностей роторных и статорных полуцилиндров.The principle of operation of the converter is based on a change in the overlapping area of the surfaces of the rotor and stator half cylinders.

В исходном (нулевом) положении полуцилиндры 6, 7 ротора занимают в зазоре полуцилиндров статора 8 такое положение, что емкости, образованные поверхностями полуцилиндров 6 и 7 ротора и статора 8, равны между собой, Поскольку емкости подключены к полуобмоткам трансформатора 2 и питаются напряжениями,. амплитуды которых равны, а фазы противоположны^ то разностный ток, поступающий на вход усилителя 12, будет равен нулю. Выходное напряжение усилителя, равное произведению разностного тока ча сопротивление цени обратной связи, также будет равно нулю. Одновременно емкость, образованная полуцилиндром 6 ротора и статором 9₃ будет максимальная, а емкость между полуцилиндром 7 ротора и ' ⁴³ статором 9 — минимальная, поэтому разностный ток на входе усилителя 13, а соответствен но, и напряжение на выходе этого усилителя будут максимальными.In the initial (zero) position, the rotor half cylinders 6, 7 occupy the position in the gap of the half cylinders of the stator 8 such that the capacitances formed by the surfaces of the half cylinders 6 and 7 of the rotor and the stator 8 are equal to each other, since the capacitors are connected to the half windings of the transformer 2 and are powered by voltages. whose amplitudes are equal, and the phases are opposite, then the difference current supplied to the input of amplifier 12 will be zero. The output voltage of the amplifier, equal to the product of the differential current and the feedback value, will also be equal to zero. Simultaneously, the capacitance formed by half-cylinder of the rotor 6 and the stator 9 ₃ will be the maximum, and the capacitance between the rotor and half cylinder 7 'stator ⁴³ 9 - minimal, so the difference current to the amplifier input 13, and respectively, and the output voltage of this amplifier are maximal.

Изложенное выше справедливо и для емкостей, образованных между полуцилиндрами 6 и 7 ротора и дополнительными статорами 10, 11. Однако, токи через указанные емкости будут замыкаться на землю. *The foregoing is also true for containers formed between the half-cylinders 6 and 7 of the rotor and additional stators 10, 11. However, the currents through these containers will be shorted to ground. *

Эквивалентная емкость, представляющая собой суммарную емкость между полуцилиндром 7 ротора и статором 8 и дополнительными статорами 10 и 11, будет равна эквивалентной ем кости между полуцилиндром 6 ротора и стато ром 9 и дополнительными статорами 10, 11,The equivalent capacity, which is the total capacity between the half cylinder 7 of the rotor and the stator 8 and the additional stators 10 and 11, will be equal to the equivalent capacity between the half cylinder 6 of the rotor and the stator 9 and the additional stators 10, 11,

Поэтому напряжение питания, приложенное через подвижное кольцо 4 емкостного токосъемника к полуцилиндру 6 ротора будет равно по амплитуде напряжению питания, приложенному через подвижное кольцо 3 емкостного токосъемника к полуцилиндру 7 ротора.Therefore, the supply voltage applied through the movable ring 4 of the capacitive current collector to the rotor half cylinder 6 will be equal in amplitude to the supply voltage applied through the movable ring 3 of the capacitive current collector to the rotor half cylinder 7.

При отклонении полуцилиндров 6, 7 ротора от нулевого положения в ту или в иную сторону, например, по часовой стрелке на угол а, емкость между полуцилиндром 6 ротора и статорами 8, 10 будет увеличиваться, а емкость между полуцилиндром 6 ротора и статорами 9, 11 будет уменьшаться. Эквивалентная емкость, равная сумме указанных емкостей, будет оставаться постоянной и равной значению этой емкости в исходном положении. Аналогично будет оставаться постоянной и эквивалентная емкость между полуцилиндром 7 ротора и статорами 8, 9, 10, 11. Это происходит за счет того, что изменение емкости между полуцилиндрамиIf the half-cylinders 6, 7 of the rotor deviate from the zero position in one direction or another, for example, clockwise by an angle a, the capacity between the half-cylinder 6 of the rotor and the stators 8, 10 will increase, and the capacity between the half-cylinder 6 of the rotor and the stators 9, 11 will decrease. An equivalent capacity equal to the sum of the indicated capacities will remain constant and equal to the value of this capacity in the initial position. Similarly, the equivalent capacity between the half-cylinder 7 of the rotor and the stators 8, 9, 10, 11 will remain constant. This is due to the fact that the change in capacity between the half-cylinders

6,.7 ротора и дополнительными статорами 8, 9 на участках от 2 до Тс/2 _и отЗТ/2до 2π компенсируется противоположным: изменением емкости между полуцилиндрами 6,7 ротора и дополнительными статорами 10 и 11. Поэтому напряжение питания, приложенное к полуцилиндрам 6, 7 ротора, будет оставаться постоянным во всем диапазоне углов поворота, а выходное напряжение преобразователя будет изменяться линейнопилообразно. При отсутствии дополнительных статоров изменение выходных напряжений преобразователя на указанных выше участках пилообразной характеристики существенно отличалось бы от линейной зависимости.6, .7 of the rotor and additional stators 8, 9 in sections from 2 to Tc / 2 _{and from} ЗЗ / 2 to 2π is compensated by the opposite: by changing the capacitance between the half cylinders of the 6.7 rotor and the additional stators 10 and 11. Therefore, the supply voltage applied to the half cylinders 6 , 7 of the rotor, will remain constant over the entire range of rotation angles, and the output voltage of the converter will change linearly. In the absence of additional stators, a change in the output voltage of the converter in the above sections of the sawtooth characteristic would be significantly different from a linear dependence.

Таким образом, введение дополнительных статоров позволило расширить диапазон линейного изменения выходных характеристик преобразователя при использовании емкостного токосъема.Thus, the introduction of additional stators allowed us to expand the range of linear changes in the output characteristics of the converter when using capacitive current collector.

Claims

The invention relates to the field of measuring instruments and can be used to convert the angle of rotation of the shaft into an electrical signal. A capacitive angle transducer is known, which contains a statorial dielectric plate, onto which are deposited (by etching spraying) a radar of two semiring rings of stators and rings of current collectors electrically connected to the input terminals, and a rotary dielectric plate, on which are drawn figures of two symmetrically located rotors, transitions of connectors, and a rotary dielectric plate on which are drawn figures of two symmetrically located rotors, transition annular surfaces of capacitive current collectors 1. The disadvantage of the converter, which negatively affects the linearity of the output characteristics, is its sensitivity to parasitic modulation of the gap between the stator and rotor plates, which occurs due to the possible misalignment and eccentricity of the rotor in relation to the stator. The closest technical technical to the invention is a capacitive fragile converter containing two stators, each of which is made in the form of two hollow coaxial semi-cylindrical C-shaped sections placed on dielectric bases and installed with mutual displacement at an angle of It / 2, and a rotor made in the form of two half-cylinders of T-shaped cross section, arranged in the gaps of stators {

2. The presence of current collection in a known converter at a high rotational speed dramatically increases the noise due to contact bounce, in addition, the linearity of the output characteristic is disturbed. Simply replacing the contact current collection with a capacitive in the converter leads to a significant deterioration of the linearity of the output characteristics. The purpose of the invention is to increase the linearity of the output characteristic. The converter is equipped with two additional stators, made similar to the main ones, installed on the same bases and grounded. FIG. 1 shows the electrical circuit of the converter; in FIG. 2, an over-rated converter; in fig. 3 - transform razer with spaced elements of the stator rotors and cylinders of capacitive current collection. The converter contains a power source 1, a transformer 2, movable rings 3 and 4 of the rotor, differential capacitors 5 formed by the surfaces of semi-cylinders 6 and 7 of the rotor, stators 8 and 9, and additional stators 10 and 11, buffer amplifiers 12 and 13. In addition, the stators 10 and Both the stators 8, 9 of the converter have the same design and are installed on the first dielectric base 14 and the second dielectric base 15 so that each additional stator and converter stator form two coaxially split cylinders. Rarez planes of coaxially dispersed cylinders mounted on the first and second dielectric bases, with / shinuty relative to each other at li / l. Fixed rings 16 and 17 are installed on each dielectric base; they form capacitive current collectors with the surfaces of the moving rings 3 and 4 of the rotor. The two semi-cylinders 6 and 7 of the rotor have a T-shaped cross section and go into the rings of the current collectors. The rotor is mounted on a dielectric sleeve rigidly connected to the shaft, the angular displacement of which is controlled. The principle of operation of the converter is based on the short-circuit area of the overlapping surface of the rotor and stator semi-cylinders. In the initial (zero) position, the semi-cylinders 6, 7 of the rotor occupy a position in the gap of the semi-cylinders of the stator 8 such that the capacitances formed by the surfaces of the semi-cylinders 6 and 7 of the rotor and the stator 8 are equal to each other. voltage, the amplitudes of which are equal, and the phase of the protvopolo) kn, s. then the difference current to the input of the amplifier} 2 will be zero. The output voltage of the amplifier, equal to the product of the differential current and the resistance of the feedback circuit, will also be zero. At the same time, the capacitance formed by the semi-cylinder 6 of the rotor and the stator 9 will be maximum, and the capacity between the semi-cylinder 7 of the rotor and the stator 9 - / 1 is minimal, therefore the difference current at the input of the amplifier 13, and accordingly, the voltage at the output of this amplifier will be maximum . The above is also true for containers formed between the semi-cylinders 6 and the rotor and the additional stators 10, I. However, the currents through these capacitances will be shorted to ground. The equivalent capacitance, being the total capacitance between the floor of the rotor and the stator 8 and the additional cords 10 and 11, will be equal to the equivalent capacitance between the rotor semi-cylinder 6 and the stator 9 and the additional stators 10, 11. Therefore, the supply voltage applied through The movable ring 4 of the capacitive current collector to the semi-cylinder 6 of the rotor will be equal in amplitude to the supply voltage applied through the movable ring 3 of the capacitive current collector to the half of the rotor 7. When the semi-cylinders 6, 7 of the rotor deviate from zero position in one direction or the other, for example, by the HEC needle on angle a, the capacity between the semi-cylinder 6 of the rotor and the stators 8, Yu will increase, and the capacity between the semi-cylinder 6 of the rotor and the stators 9, ill will decrease. Equivalent capacity, equal to the sum of the indicated capacities, will remain constant to equal to the value of this capacity in the initial position. Similarly, the capacitance between the semi-cylinder 7 of the rotor and the stators 8, 9, 10, II will remain constant and equivalent. This is due to the fact that the change in the capacitance between the floor cylinders 6, 7 of the rotor and the additional stators 8, 9 in the sections from 2 and from 1/2 to 2 and compensated by the opposite: a change in capacitance between the semi-cylinders 6.7 of the rotor and the additional stators 10 and 11. Therefore, the supply voltage applied to the semi-cylinders 6, 7 of the rotor will remain constant throughout the entire range of angles of rotation, and converter output voltage will change linearly. In the absence of additional stats in changing the output voltages of the converter in the above areas, the sawtooth characteristic would be significantly different from the linear dependence. Thus, the introduction of additional stators made it possible to expand the range of linear variations in the output characteristics of the converter when using capacitive current collection. Claims of Invention Capacitive fragile transducer containing two stator, each of which is filled in the form of douh hollow coaxial semi-cylinders of C-shaped section, placed on dielectric bases and installed with mutual displacement at an angle of / 2, and a rotor, in a row of two semi-cylinders T -shaped cross-section, located in the gaps of the stresses, aphidizing by the fact that, oh, with the aim of increasing. There are two output parameters stators which are made similarly to the bases57835776

installed on the same basis u1. Patent Faction 2156985, cl. G01 87/00,

grounded

Sources of information taken into account prt examination

2, USSR Author's Certificate No. 598109, class, G 08 C 9/02, 1978 (prototype).