SU756189A1 - Device for measuring layerwise vertical and horizontal defoemation of soil - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a measurement technique for carrying out in field conditions measurements and observations of layered vertical and horizontal deformations of the soil, mainly in difficult hydrogeological operating conditions, for example, at the base of a hydraulic structure.

There are known devices for measuring the Yu layer-by-layer deformations of the ground, including marks installed in a well at a certain depth, connected by means of measuring devices mounted on a 15 fixed frame. These devices use a mechanical connection of elements that perceive displacements at depth, with elements located above the ground surface, and serving to instrumentally determine displacement values. There is a method of contactless measurement of soil deformation in depth, for example, the indicator of soil deformation - IDG-1. 25

The closest technical solution is a device for measuring stratified vertical deformations of the soil, including grades with through sliding contacts, 30

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measuring wire with high electrical resistivity, passed through sliding contacts and placed together with the marks in an elastic sheath filled with a liquid agent, OZ measuring instruments.

When changing the position of the mark in the ground with respect to the corresponding part of the base of the structure or the surface of the soil, the length of the measuring wire at the site-ground mark changes, ie, the electrical resistance of the piece of measuring wire at the site of the ground mark of the structure changes. The registration of linear vertical displacements is carried out indirectly through changes in the resistances of the measuring wire sections.

However, the known devices, providing accurate measurements of vertical deformations, do not allow to measure horizontal movements of the soil.

The aim of the invention is to provide opportunities for remote measurement.

rhenium layered vertical and horizontal deformations of the soil.

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This is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring layer-by-layer deformations of the soil, including marks with through sliding contacts, measuring wire with high electrical resistivity, passed through sliding contacts and placed together with the marks in an elastic shell, each brand is made of hingedly interconnected a disk provided with a contact and having a longitudinal slot, and a ring hinged to an elastic shell, the contact being installed on the edge of the disk with the possibility of interacting with morning ring surface made of a material with high resistivity.

FIG. 1 shows a general view (longitudinal section) of the proposed device • in FIG. 2 - soil brand (top view).

A device for measuring layered vertical and horizontal soil deformations contains a measuring wire 1 made of a material with high electrical resistivity, for example, from 0.2 mm diameter nichrome, passing successively through sliding electrical contacts 2 mounted on soil marks 3 made, for example made of dielectric material. Ground grade 3 using special telescopic hinges 4 are attached to a sealed elastic sheath 5, which, after installation, is filled with liquid. Telescopic hinges 4 are arranged in such a way that they allow the elastic shell 5 to freely expand under the action of the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid and fit snugly against the walls of the well, ensuring synchronism of the movement of the soil layers with the elastic shell sections and soil marks.

After the expansion of the elastic shell of 45 ki 5, the telescopic hinges 4 are automatically fixed and now with any vertical and horizontal displacements at the studied levels of the brand 3 move synchronously with the ground lying near. From above, the device is closed with a special lid 6, to which in the lower part in the center there is attached measuring wire 1, with a weight 7 suspended from its other end.

The weight of the load 7 is selected in such a way as to ensure simultaneous movement of all sections of the first wire 1, both in vertical and horizontal directions, with possible any movements of its upper end attached to the lid 6. With the help of flexible electrical wires 8 attached to the marks 3, the ends of the measuring wire 1 and brought to the surface to the recording device (ohmmeter) measure electrical resistances. Sliding electrical contacts 2 are made in the form of a horizontal longitudinal slot in the movable part 9 of the mark 3. The measuring wire 1, passing through ’through the contact 2, creates electrical contact between the copper plate 10 on one side of the slot and the plate 11 of a material with high electrical resistivity. On the other side of the plate 10 and from one of the ends of the plate 11, wires 8 go to a recording device, electrical contact between plate 10, measuring wire 1 and plate 11 is provided along the entire length of the slot.

The movable part 9 of the mark 3 with the help of the bearing 12 can rotate in a 20 horizontal plane with minimal friction relative to the fixed part 13 of the mark 3. The relative vertical movements of the movable part 9 and the fixed 13 mark 3 are eliminated by any simple limiter. On the fixed part 13 of mark 3, a track 14 is made of a ring with an inner radius of a material with high electrical resistivity (for example, coal, 30 chrome) to which one of the wires 8 is attached to the end 15. A sliding electrical contact 16 is attached to the moving part 9 of the mark providing uninterrupted electrical contact with track 14 at

the relative rotation of parts 9 and 13 of mark 3. The magnitude of the rotation of the movable part 9 relative to the fixed part 13 of mark 3 is measured 40 by the change in the electrical resistance of the portion of the ring track 14 between its end 15 and the sliding electrical contact 16.

The device works as follows.

The measurement of vertical displacements is no different from the operation of the known device (prototype). When measuring horizontal displacements in 50 in any direction, the following occurs: load 7 ensures synchronism of movement of all sections of the measuring wire 1 and its relative immobility and the center of the cover 6. to With relative horizontal movement of the mark 3 and dimensional wire 1, the measured wire 1 without changing its position in space, can move relative to mark 3 only along the slot in the movable part 9 of mark 3. If the horizontal displacement coincides with the direction of the slot, then the measuring wire 1 will be only along the slot, without changing the position of 65 of part 9 of mark 3 and the movement will be

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be recorded by the change in the electrical resistance of the plate 11 from the end to the place of its contact with the measuring wire 1. In the event that the direction is horizontal. displacement does not match 5

with the direction of the slot, then under the action of the tension of the measuring wire 1 • (with the help of weight 7) the movable part 9 of mark 3 will rotate to such an angle that the slot coincides with (0 the direction of movement of the measuring wire 1. The angle of rotation at any time can be determined by change the electrical resistance of the area of the annular track 14 between its end 15 and the sliding electrical contact 16. Thus, knowing the angle of rotation of the movable part 9 relative to the fixed part 13 of brand 3 and the amount of movement of the measuring wire 1 p slits of the sliding electrical contact 2, one can graphically or analytically determine the value of the relative displacement of the mark 3 and the measuring wire 1, i.e. the value of the relative horizontal displacement of the mark 3 and the center of the cover 6. Using the principle of independent measurement of vertical and horizontal displacements, one can determine total displacement of the studied horizon of the soil.

Thus, the device allows you to get a complete picture of the deformation of the base (in the vertical and horizontal directions), for example, 35 development of subsidence deformations in the open sections of the channels and their edges,

in the foundations of hydraulic structures, under a continuous spread structure without direct access to the measurement site.

Claims (1)

Claim A device for measuring layered vertical and horizontal deformations of the soil, including grades with through-sliding contacts, measuring wire with high specific electrical resistance, passed through sliding contacts and placed together with the marks in an elastic shell filled with a liquid agent, measuring instruments connected to the marks, different the fact that, in order to ensure remote measurement of stratified and vertical and horizontal deformations of the soil, each brand is made of a hinged joint to each other by a disc provided with a track and having a longitudinal slot and ring pivotally-secured to the elastic shell, wherein the contact is positioned on the edge of the disc to engage with vnut renney ring surface made of a material with high resistivity.