SU754266A1 - Smoke meter - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of> analytical instrumentation and can be used to measure the density of smoke on the principle of absorption of the luminous flux by suspended particles of flue gases and to control the appearance of smoke above the level of the specified density in chimneys of boiler furnaces and other installations, as well as the permissible dust content of the gas medium particles that absorb light incandescent bulbs, especially in the case when in order to reduce the zag. Environmental pollution will not allow emissions of smoke into the atmosphere even with a small concentration of suspended particles.

A photoelectric smoke meter is known, in which, in order to ensure continuous operation of the device under conditions of intense exposure to contaminating particles on viewing windows, as well as the influence of other various destabilizing factors on the accuracy of ’measurements, a two-channel device is used — two light currents: a measuring and a control one. beats.

2

It is also used for blowing windows with clean air. For example, to eliminate the effect of contamination of the viewing windows, the measurement accuracy of the device contains a control photodetector mounted at an angle to the surface of the viewing window of the light source.

However, the known device is difficult to manufacture and operate.

With the fame of the DEUHKANALNY ANALYZER, the one closest to that proposed by the technical entity is a smoke meter containing a light source, a measuring and control photodetectors, two chambers separated by a chimney and equipped with observation windows And tubes for passing light to the control photo20 receiver, the air inlet tube 123.

The disadvantage of this device is the effect of pollution on 25 results of the analysis.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurements.

The goal is achieved

the fact that the air supply tube

30 connects the cameras with each other and ras3

754266

four

.Positioned between the light source and the control photoreceiver.

The drawing shows the proposed smoke meter.

The smoke meter contains light source 1, glass 2 viewing windows, chamber 3 in front of the light source, pipe 4, air purification filter 5, chimney b, air supply tube 7, chamber 8 in front of the photoreceiver, air flow 9, tube 10, partitions 11, control luminous flux 12, measuring luminous flux 13, control photodetector 14, measuring photodetector 15, comparison unit 16, signaling device 17 exceeding a specified level of smoke density, signaling device 18 of pollution of viewing windows, flow of smoke 19 '.

Chambers 3 and 8 are installed on opposite walls of the chimney to the exhauster under vacuum. Lookouts. the windows of the chambers are hermetically sealed with glass 2, therefore the chimney 6 is not communicated with the external environment. Inside the chambers 3 and 8, partitions 11 are installed, so that cavities are formed between the windows and partitions, communicating with the chimney b through pipes 10, and between themselves through pipe 7, which connects chambers 3 and 8. Longitudinal axes of the air supply pipe 7 and pipes 10 they are parallel, their diameters are the same and equal to about half the diameter of the reflector of the source of light 1, for which the incandescent lamp can be used. The tube 7 through the pipe 4 communicates with the external environment and is located between the light source and the control photodetector. The nozzle 4 has an air purification filter 5. A source of light 1 is installed in front of camera 3, and camera 8 is equipped with comparative 14 and measuring 15 photo detectors, the outputs of which are connected to comparison unit 16, to which signaling devices 17 and 18 are connected, respectively, exceeding the permissible smoke density and the degree of contamination of viewing windows.

Works smoke meter as follows.

External air through the filter 5, which detains dust, is sucked through pipe 4 into pipe 7, where it is divided into two streams and enters chambers 3 and 8. From chambers the air flows through pipes 10 into chimney 6. Air flow in the pipes is directed from the glasses 2 to the chimney, which prevents the penetration of smoke particles through the pipes 10 into chambers 3 and 8 and protects the glass from pollution. On the unit 16 of the comparison is set the permissible level of density, smoke (concentration of particles) in the chimney. Light source 1 produces a light flux with a diameter transverse cross section ₇ Nia not less than the sum of diameters of tubes

Ϊ7 and 10, which, passing through the glass, 'chamber 3, is divided into two streams: measuring 13 and control 12. Measuring light flow 13 through tube 10 and chimney 6, glass 2 from chamber 8 hits measuring photodetector 15. Control luminous flux 12 through the tube 7 and the glass 2 of the camera 8 falls on the comparative photocell 14. The output current of the photocell 14 and 15 is proportional to their illumination. In the presence of a stream of 19 smoke in the chimney 6, only the measurement luminous flux 13 will absorb light, since smoke cannot penetrate into chambers 3 and 8 and tube 7. If the smoke flux density 19 exceeds the permissible level set in block 16, then the comparator block 16 will turn on the alarm 17, which will give a signal until the smoke density in the chimney decreases to the established density. Under the influence of various factors (voltage fluctuations in the power supply network, dust settling, aging of elements, temperature), the light fluxes weaken, but the normal operation of the opacimeter is not disturbed as long as the output-dependence remains. of the light fluxes 12 and 13, as well as approximately uniform pollution of the glasses 2 at the points of entry and exit of the light streams 12 and 13. The uniform pollution of the glasses of the chambers 3 and 8 on the outside with dust of the outside air is provided, if not Allow parts of the glass to blow in separate streams of air, which is always easy to do. The uniformity of glass pollution from the inside is maintained due to the small separation from each other of the sections of the entrance and exit of the light fluxes 12 and 13 from the glass and due to the chambers 3 and 8 in which the circulating air flow 9 evenly blows through the center of the glass 2 through which the light fluxes pass. The amount of permissible glass pollution, which causes a decrease in the luminous flux of the light source 1, is evaluated in comparison unit 16, which, when the output current of the photodetector 14 drops below the level that guarantees the normal operation of the smoke meter, turns on the alarm 18. This smoke meter is reliable in operation, easy to manufacture, does not require constant monitoring of its work.

This device can be used on boilers operating on liquid fuel, as one of the elements of automatic control of combustion processes.

Claims (1)

Claim The smoke meter containing a light source, measuring and control phot5 '754266 6 transceivers, two chambers, separated by a chimney and equipped with observation windows and tubes for the passage of light to the control photodetector, an air supporting tube, characterized in that, in order to increase the measurement accuracy, the air supply tube connects the chambers between itself and is located between the light source and the control photodetector.