SU746355A1

SU746355A1 - Apparatus for measuring specific losses in ferromagnetic samples

Info

Publication number: SU746355A1
Application number: SU782588719A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Евгений Тимофеевич Гречкин
Original assignee: Ковровский филиал Владимирского политехнического института
Priority date: 1978-03-13
Filing date: 1978-03-13
Publication date: 1980-07-07

Description

, Изобретение относится к устройствам для магнитных измерений и предназначено для измерения удельных магнитных потерь как усредненных по объе му ферромагнитного образца различной ^эформы, так и в локальной его области,The invention relates to devices for magnetic measurements and is intended to measure specific magnetic losses both averaged over the volume of a ferromagnetic sample of various ^e- shapes, and in its local area,

Известно устройство для измерения удельных потерь в ферромагнитных образцах, включающее намагничивающую цепь, два датчика Холла и регистрирующее устройство. Сигнал по магнитной индукции снимается со второй пары электродов первого датчика Холла, который пронизывается линиями магнитной индукции и подается на первую па-15 ру электродов второго датчика Холла, пронизываемый линиями тангенциальной составляющей напряженности магнитного поля, со второй парой электродов которого сигнал поступает на регистри-? 20 рующее устройство fl].A device for measuring specific losses in ferromagnetic samples, comprising a magnetizing circuit, two Hall sensors and a recording device. The magnetic induction signal is taken from the second pair of electrodes of the first Hall sensor, which is pierced by magnetic induction lines and fed to the first pair of electrodes of the second Hall sensor, pierced by the lines of the tangential component of the magnetic field, with the second pair of electrodes of which the signal is transmitted to 20 fling device].

Однако это устройство не обладает достаточно высокой точностью.However, this device does not have a sufficiently high accuracy.

Наиболее^ близким к изобретению яв-25 ляется устройство для измерения удельных магнитных потерь в ферромагнитных образцах, содержащее намагничивающий генератор, датчик производной магнитной индукции, датчик напряжен- 30 ности магнитного поля, усилители каналов индукции и напряженности магнитного поля, множительный блок, фильтр низкой частоты и регистрирующий прибор [2].Closest to the invention is a device for measuring specific magnetic losses in ferromagnetic samples, comprising a magnetizing generator, a magnetic derivative induction sensor, a magnetic field strength sensor, induction channel and magnetic field intensity amplifiers, a multiplier unit, a low-pass filter and a recording device [2].

Однако при измерении удельных потерь в локальной области ферромагнитных образцов неправильных форм и конфигураций,' а также листов, полос и лент электротехнических сталей возникает значительная погрешность за счет неточного измерения тангенциальной составляющей напряженности магнитного поля из-за конструктивных особенностей датчиков напряженности магнитного поля.However, when measuring the specific losses in the local region of ferromagnetic samples of irregular shapes and configurations, as well as sheets, strips and tapes of electrical steel, a significant error arises due to inaccurate measurements of the tangential component of the magnetic field due to the design features of the sensors of the magnetic field.

Целью изобретения является повышение точности измерений удельных потерь.The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurements of specific losses.

Эта цель достигается тем, что в устройство для измерения удельных потерь в ферромагнитных образцах, содержащее намагничивающий генератор, датчик магнитной индукции, соединенный через один-из входов множительного блока и фильтр низкой частоты с регистрирующим прибором, введены два магнитоконтактных датчика, содержащих каждый по два С-обраэных сердечника, магнитные -потоки которыхThis goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring specific losses in ferromagnetic samples, containing a magnetizing generator, a magnetic induction sensor connected through one of the inputs of the multiplying unit and a low-pass filter with a recording device, two magnetocontact sensors are introduced, each containing two C -refined core, magnetic fluxes of which

у одного датчика направлены встречно,, у другого одинаково, два образцовых •резистора, включенных в цепи намагничивающих обмоток датчиков, два преобразователя строб-импульсов, Два смесителя и вычитающий блок, причем ’Дыход' намагничивающего генератора подключен к намагничивающим обмоткам датчиков и входам преобразователей , строб-импульсов; первые входы смесителей соединены с выходами преобразователей строб-импульсов, вторые входы - с образцовыми резисторами, а. выходы - с входами вычитающего блока, выход которого связан со вторым входом Множительного блока.one sensor has opposite directions, the other has the same, two exemplary • resistors included in the sensor magnetizing winding circuits, two strobe-pulse converters, Two mixers and a subtracting unit, the magnetizing generator 'Exit' being connected to the magnetizing sensor windings and the transducer inputs, strobe pulses; the first inputs of the mixers are connected to the outputs of the strobe-pulse converters, the second inputs are connected to exemplary resistors, and. outputs - with the inputs of the subtracting block, the output of which is connected to the second input of the Multiplying block.

Сущность изобретения поясняется' 15 чертежом, на котором представлена функциональная схема предлагаемого устройства. ’The invention is illustrated by the '15 drawing, which shows a functional diagram of the proposed device. ’

Устройство содержит намагничиваю- щий генератор 1, два магнитоконтактныхjq датчика 2 и 3, два преобразователя 4 и 5 строб-импульсов, два смесителя 6 и 7, вычитающий блок 8, датчик 9 магнитной индукции, множительный блок 10, фильтр 11 низкой частоты, регистрирующий прибор 12 и два образ- цовых резистора 13 и 14,The device contains a magnetizing generator 1, two magnetocontact jq sensors 2 and 3, two converters 4 and 5 of strobe pulses, two mixers 6 and 7, a subtracting unit 8, a magnetic induction sensor 9, a multiplier unit 10, a low-pass filter 11, a recording device 12 and two reference resistors 13 and 14,

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Питающее напряженйе с намагничива- 3Q ющего генератора 1 одновременно поступает на намагничивающие обмотки двух магнитоконтактных датчиков 2 и 3, состоящих из двух С-образных сердечников каждый и расположенных друг против друга на разных поверхностях исследуемого образца, и на входы двух преобразователей 4 и 5 строб-импульсов. Намагничивающие обмотки обоих датчиков 2 и 3 соединены последовательно каждая со· своим образцовым резистором *0 13 и 14. Магнитные потоки сердечников у магнитоконтактного датчика 2 направлены встречно, в результате чего будет перемагничиваться, область образца, расположенная между полюсами 45 -”~д-а:тч:й'ка',‘'‘*а· у магнйт'б'к'бйтактного дaτчи- κa 3 магнитные потеки сердечников направлены одинаково и не преисхедит перемагничивания ебласти образца,· располеженней Между его полюсами. 5QThe supply voltage from the magnetizing 3Q generator 1 simultaneously enters the magnetizing windings of two magnetocontact sensors 2 and 3, consisting of two C-shaped cores each and located opposite each other on different surfaces of the test sample, and to the inputs of two transducers 4 and 5 of the strobe pulses. The magnetizing windings of both sensors 2 and 3 are connected in series each with its own model resistor * 0 13 and 14. The magnetic fluxes of the cores of the magnetocontact sensor 2 are directed in the opposite direction, as a result of which magnetization will be reversed, the region of the sample located between the poles 45 - ”~ d-a : tch: y'ka ',' '' * a · with magnet'b'k'bytact sensor 3 magnetic streaks of cores are directed in the same way and magnetization reversal does not occur in the sample region, · located between its poles. 5Q

На выхедах преобразователей 4 и 5 строб-импульсов в момент перехода ' .......мгновенного значения этого напряжения 'через нуль формируются управляющие стреб-импульсы длительностью 1-2 Мкс, „ которые поступают раздельно на один из входов обоих смесителей б и 7. На вторые входы этих смесителей посту'пает сигнал мгновенного значения на--'-'й'атнйчнв'айедего тока магн'итоконтактных датчиков 2 и 3 соответственно, 40 снимаемый каждый со своего образцового резистра 13 и 14.At the outputs of the converters 4 and 5 of the strobe pulses at the instant of '....... instantaneous value of this voltage', control strobe pulses of 1-2 μs duration are formed through zero, which are fed separately to one of the inputs of both mixers b and 7. The second inputs of these mixers receive a signal of instantaneous value on the current of the magnetic sensors 2 and 3, respectively, 40 each removed from its model resistor 13 and 14.

На выходе смесителей 6 й 7 в момент прихода управляющего строб-импульса появятся импульсы, амплитуда 65 которых пропорциональна в первом случае амплитуде реактивной состав'ляющей намагничивающего тока, состоящей из суммы трех реактивных составляющих: воздушных зазоров, датчика 2 _ и исследуемого образца, а во втором ³ случае только амплитуде реактивной составляющей намагничивающего тока/ состоящей из суммы двух реактивных составляющих: воздушных зазоров и датчика 3, Оба этих выходных импульса со смесителей б и 7 поступают на два входа вычитающего блока 8.At the output of the 6th 7 mixers, at the moment of arrival of the control strobe pulse, pulses will appear, the amplitude of 65 of which is proportional in the first case to the amplitude of the reactive component of the magnetizing current, consisting of the sum of three reactive components: air gaps, 2 _ sensor and the test sample, and ^3, the second case, only the amplitude of the reactive component of the magnetizing current / consisting of the sum of the two reactive components: air gaps and a sensor 3, both of these output pulses from the mixers b and 7 arrive at two inputs the subtraction guide unit 8.

Ввиду того, что датчики 2 и 3 совершенно одинаковы и расположены ряром, сигнал на выходе вычитающего блока 8, пропорциональный только реактивной (тангенциальной) составляющей намагничивающего тока исследуемого образца, т.е. напряженности магнитного поля образца Н, поступает на один из входов множительного блока 10. На другой вход блока 10 поступает сигнал с датчика Магнитной индукции, пропорциональный dB/dt в образце. На выходе блока 10 сигнал будет пропорционален величине мгновенной, мощности потерь Н ИГ · Этот сигнал усредняется фильтром низкой частоты 11 и регистрируется прйбором 12, показания которого пропорциональны величине магнитных потерь в ферромагнитном образце:Due to the fact that the sensors 2 and 3 are absolutely identical and are located side by side, the signal at the output of the subtracting unit 8 is proportional only to the reactive (tangential) component of the magnetizing current of the test sample, i.e. the magnetic field strength of the sample H, is supplied to one of the inputs of the multiplying unit 10. The signal from the magnetic induction sensor proportional to dB / dt in the sample is supplied to the other input of the unit 10. At the output of block 10, the signal will be proportional to the instantaneous power loss N ИГ · This signal is averaged by a low-pass filter 11 and recorded by device 12, the readings of which are proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic losses in the ferromagnetic sample:

Т ГT g

Использование новых элементов преобразователей строб-импульсов, смесителей и' вычитающего блока повышает точность’измерений удельных по-, терь в локальных областях ферромагнитных образцов.The use of new elements of gate-to-pulse converters, mixers, and a “subtracting unit” increases the accuracy of measurements of specific losses and losses in local regions of ferromagnetic samples.

Claims

The invention relates to devices for magnetic measurements and is intended to measure specific magnetic losses as averaged over the volume of a ferromagnetic sample of various shapes, faK and in its local area. A device for measuring specific losses in ferromagnetic samples, including a magnetizing circuit, two Hall sensors and Register a device. The magnetic induction signal is removed from the second pair of electrodes of the first Hall sensor, which is pierced by magnetic induction lines and fed to. The first pair of electrodes of the second Hall sensor, penetrated by the lines of the tangential component of the magnetic field strength, with the second pair of electrodes which the signal goes to the recording device 1. However, this device does not have a sufficiently high accuracy. The closest to the invention is a device for measuring specific magnetic losses in ferromagnetic samples, containing a magnetized generator, a magnetic induction derivative sensor, a magnetic field strength sensor, amplifiers of magnetic induction channels, a low-purity filter, and a recording device 2. However, when measuring the specific losses in the local region of ferromagnetic samples of irregular shapes and con ﬁ gulations, as well as sheets, strips and tapes of electrical steels in There is a significant error due to inaccurate measurement of the tangential component of the magnetic pop intensity due to the design features of the magnetic pop intensity sensors. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurements of specific losses. This goal is achieved by the fact that a device for measuring specific losses in ferromagnetic samples, containing a magnetizing generator, a magnetic induction sensor connected through one of the inputs of the multiplying unit and a low frequency filter with a recording device, includes two magnetic contact sensors, each containing two C-shaped cores, the magnetic fluxes of which of one sensor are directed oppositely in the same way, two exemplary resistors included in the circuits magnetizing the sensor windings, two are modified l strobe pulses and vpzitayuschy Two mixer unit, wherein the magnetizing Yyhod generator field winding is connected to the sensors and the inputs of inverters strobe pulses; The first inputs of the mixers are connected to the outputs of the strobe pulse converters, the second inputs are connected to a sample 1h: and resistors, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of a calculating unit whose output is connected to the second run of the Multiplication Unit. , The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the functional diagram of the proposed device. The device contains nama:; reducing generator 1, two magnetic contact sensors 2 and 3, two transducers 4 and 5 strobe pulses, two switches b and 7, subtracting unit 8, magnetic induction sensor 9, multiplying unit 10, low-frequency filter 11 registering The device 12 and two sample resistors 13 and 14. The device operates as follows. The supply voltage from the magnetizing generator 1 simultaneously supplies to the magnetizing windings of two magnetic contact sensors 2 and 3, consisting of two C-shaped cores about each and located r against each other on the different surfaces of the sample under study, and to the inputs of two converters 4 and 5 strobe pulses. The magnetizing windings of both warmers 2 and 3 are connected in series each CO with their exemplary resistors 13 and 14. The magnetic fluxes of the core of the magnetic-contact Sensor 2 are directed oppositely, resulting in a magnetic field of the sample that is located between the poles Ds1: t vgya, and in the magnetic light, the sensor is magnetized the magnetic fluxes of the cores are directed in the same way and no reversal of the sample region located between its poles does not occur. The outputs of the transducers 4 and 5 strobe pulsed at the time of transition; MrfroBeHHoro receptacle Achen this voltage through zero formiruyts kldie control strobe pulses with a duration of 1-2 microseconds are separately fed to one input of both mixers 6 and 7. At the second inputs of these mixers is supplied a signal value on -Instantly yyTNychIVayadogo MagnityKrntaktnyh current sensors 2 and 3 respectively, each one is taken from its own exemplary resistor 13 and 14. At the output of mixers 6 and 7, at the time of arrival, the strobe-pulse cf pulse per pulse, whose amplitude is proportional in the first case to the amplitude of the reactive co an auxiliary magnetizing current consisting of the sum of three reactive components: air gaps, a sensor 2 and a test sample, and in the second case only the amplitude of the reactive component of a magnetizing current consisting of the sum of two reactive components: air gaps and a sensor 3, Both of these output pulses from mixers b and 7 are sent to the two inputs of the subtraction of block 8. In view of the fact that sensors 2 and 3 are exactly the same and are located, the signal at the output of the subtracting block 8 is proportional only to reactive (tangent of the magnetizing current of the sample under study, i.e. the intensity of the magnetic field of the sample H, is fed to one of the inlet 6s of the sensor, block 10. The input of the io unit receives a signal from the magnetic induction sensor proportional to otB / dt in the sample. At the output of block 10, the signal will be proportional to the magnitude of the instantaneous power loss H others. This signal is averaged by the low-frequency filter 11 and is recorded by the device 12, the readings of which are proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic losses in the ferromagnetic sample: p fJHfdi S:. t, t. The use of new elements of strobe-pulse converters, mixers and a subtractive unit improves the accuracy of measurements of specific areas, losses in local areas of ferromagnetic samples. Apparatus of the Invention A device for measuring specific losses in ferromagnetic samples, comprising a magnetizing generator, a magnetic induction sensor connected through one of the inputs of the multiplying unit and a low-frequency filter with a recording device, so as to improve the accuracy measurements, it introduced two matnitokontaktnyh Sensors, each containing two C-shaped cores, the magnetic fluxes of which for one sensor are directed oppositely, for the other equally, two exemplary resistors are included a magnetizing circuit sensor windings, two transducer strobe pulses, and subtracting the two mixer unit, wherein the magnetizing of the generator output is connected to the magnetizing windings sensors and transducers inputs strobe pulses; the first inputs of the mixers are connected to the outputs of the strobe-pulse converters, the inputs to the sample resistors, and the outputs to the inputs of the subtractive unit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the multiplying unit.

Sources of information taken into account in the examination

1, the Patent of Germany 1167974,

Cl G 01 R (21e-37/10), 1964.

2. USSR author's certificate 386356, class 6 01 R 33/02, 1973

(prototype).

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