SU743213A1

SU743213A1 - Device for measuring group time delay of four-pole networks

Info

Publication number: SU743213A1
Application number: SU772504664A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Григорий Павлович Паткин; Валентин Георгиевич Шинаков
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я Г-4891
Priority date: 1977-07-07
Filing date: 1977-07-07
Publication date: 1980-06-25

Description

' Изобретение относится к рацион змерениям и может быть использовано для исследования четырехполюсников в лабораторных и цеховых условиях.'The invention relates to ration measurements and can be used to study quadripoles in laboratory and workshop conditions.

Известно устройство для измерения группового времени запаздывания четырехполюсников, содержащее двухчастотный генератор, первый, выход которого подключен к первому входу первого сумматора и к входу эталонного четырехполюсника, выход последнего подключен к первому входу второго сумматора, второй вход которого соединен с вторым входом первого сумматора и вторым вы- ₍ходом цвухчастотного генератора, а также соединенный с выходом измеряемого четырехполюсника первый детектор, выход которого подключен к первому входу фазометра, второй вход которого соеди- ней с выходом второго детектора ^1} .A device is known for measuring the group delay time of four-terminal devices, comprising a two-frequency generator, the first one whose output is connected to the first input of the first adder and to the input of the standard four-terminal device, the output of the latter is connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the first adder and the second - _{(by the} course of the two-frequency generator, as well as the first detector connected to the output of the measured four-terminal network, the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase meter, the second input One of which is connected to the output of the second detector ^ 1}.

Однако это устройство имеет невысокую точность измерения за счет изменения разностной частоты двухчастотного сигнала, а также требует значительного времени на измерение.However, this device has a low measurement accuracy due to changes in the difference frequency of a two-frequency signal, and also requires a significant measurement time.

Целью изобретения является повышение точности и сокращение времени измерения.The aim of the invention is to increase accuracy and reduce measurement time.

Для этого в устройство для измерения группового времени запаздывания четырехполюсников, содержащее двухчастотный генератор, первый выход которого подключен к первому входу первого сумматора и ко входу эталонного четырехполюсника, выход которого подключен к первому входу второго сумматора, второй вход которого соединен с вторым входом первого сумматора и вторым выходом двух частотного генератора, а также соединенный с выходом измеряемого четырехполюсника первый детектор, выход которого подключен к первому входу фазометра, второй вход которого соединен с выходом второго детектора, введены генератор пилообразного напряжения, генератор гармонического сигнала, функциональный преобразователь напряжения, мо пулятор, третий детектор и дополнительный четырехполюсник, при этом выход генератора пилообразного напряжения подключен к входу генератота гармонического сигнала и к входу функционального $ преобразователя напряжения, выход которого подключен к входу двух частотного генератора, выход первого сумматора через последовательно соединенные третий детектор и модулятор, второй вход кото- 10 рого соединен с выходом генератора гармонического сигнала подключен ко входу измеряемого четырехполюсника, а выход второго сумматора через дополнительный четырехполюсник подключен ко 15 входу второго детектора.To do this, in a device for measuring the group delay time of four-terminal devices containing a two-frequency generator, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder and to the input of the standard four-terminal device, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the first adder and the second the output of two frequency generator, as well as the first detector connected to the output of the measured four-terminal network, the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase meter, the second input which is connected to the output of the second detector, a sawtooth generator, a harmonic signal generator, a functional voltage converter, a modulator, a third detector and an additional four-terminal device are introduced, while the output of a sawtooth voltage generator is connected to the harmonic signal generator input and to the input of the functional voltage converter, the output of which is connected to the input of two frequency generator, the output of the first adder through a third detector and module connected in series op koto- second input 10 connected to the output cerned harmonic signal generator is connected to an input of the measured quadripole, and an output of the second adder via a further two-port 15 is connected to an input of the second detector.

-На чертеже представлена структурная электрическая схема устройства.-The drawing shows a structural electrical diagram of the device.

Устройство для измерения группового, времени запаздывания четырехполюсников ²⁰содержит двухчастотный генератор 1, первый выход которого подключен к первому входу первого сумматора 2 и к входу эталонного четырехполюсника 3, выход которого подключен к первому входу второ- 25 гр сумматора 4, второй вход которого соединен с вторым входом первого сумматора 2 и вторым выходом двухчастотного генератора 1, а также соединенный с выходом измеряемого четырехполюсника 30 5 первый детектор 6, выход которого подключен к первому, входу фазометра 7, второй вход которого соединен с выходом второго детектора 8, введены генератор пилообразного напряжения 9, генератор гар- 35 монического сигнала 10, функциональный, преобразователь напряжения 11, модулятор 12, третий Детектор 13 и дополнительный четырехполюсник 14. При этом выход генератора пилообразного напряже- 40 ния 9 подключен к входу генератора гармонического сигнала 10 и к входу функционального преобразователя напряжения 11, выход которого подключен к входу двух частотного генератора 1. Выход пер- 45· вого сумматора 2 через последовательно соединенные третий детектор 13 и модулятор 12, второй вход которого соединен с выходом генератора гармонического сигнала 10, подключен к входу измеряв- 50 мого четырехполюсника 5, а выход второго сумматора 4 через дополнительный . четырехполюсник 14 подключен к входу второго детектора 8.A device for measuring group, the delay time of the four-terminal network ²⁰ contains a two-frequency generator 1, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder 2 and to the input of the standard four-terminal 3, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second 25 g of the adder 4, the second input of which is connected to the second the input of the first adder 2 and the second output of the dual-frequency generator 1, and also connected to the output of the measured four-port terminal 30 5, the first detector 6, the output of which is connected to the first, the input of the phase meter 7, the second input One of which is connected to the output of the second detector 8, a sawtooth voltage generator 9, a harmonic signal generator 10, a functional one, a voltage converter 11, a modulator 12, a third detector 13 and an additional four-terminal voltage 14. The output of a sawtooth voltage generator 9 is introduced 9. connected to the input of the harmonic signal generator 10 and to the input of the functional voltage converter 11, the output of which is connected to the input of two frequency generator 1. The output of the first 45 · first adder 2 through series-connected a third detector 13 and modulator 12, a second input coupled to an output of the harmonic signal generator 10 is connected to input 50 forward izmeryav- quadripole 5, and the output of the second adder 4 via optional. the four-terminal 14 is connected to the input of the second detector 8.

Предложенное устройство работает еле-55 дующим образом.The proposed device works barely-55 blowing manner.

В исходном положении производится калибровка устройства при закороченном измеряемом четырехполюснике 5 и отключенном генераторе пилообразного напряжения (ГПН) 9, С помощью ручной перестройки частота генератора гармонического сигнала 10 устанавливается на среднее значение рабочего диапазона измерительного устройства. Затем с помощью ручной перестройки частоту двухчастотного генератора 1 меняют до тех пор, пока фазометр 7 не покажет ноль на самом чувствительном пределе измерения.In the initial position, the device is calibrated when the measured four-terminal 5 is shorted and the sawtooth voltage generator (GPN) 9 is turned off. Using the manual tuning, the frequency of the harmonic signal generator 10 is set to the average value of the operating range of the measuring device. Then, using manual tuning, the frequency of the two-frequency generator 1 is changed until the phasemeter 7 shows zero at the most sensitive measurement limit.

Сдвиг фазы огибающей двухчастотного сигнала на выходе второго детектора 8 за счет изменений фаз сигналов на выходах двухчастотного генератора 1 при перестройке его частоты (без учета сдвига фазы на эталонном четырехполюснике 3) не вносит фазовых искажений, так как такой же фазовый сдвиг имеет ”Ьиг_т. нал огибающей, поступающей с третьего детектора 13 на модулятор 12.The phase shift of the envelope of the two-frequency signal at the output of the second detector 8, due to the signal phase changes at the outputs of the two-frequency generator 1 for restructuring of its frequency (without phase shift on the reference quadrupole 3) introduces no phase distortion because the same phase shift is "ig _t. envelope envelope coming from the third detector 13 to the modulator 12.

Изменение фазы огибающей амплитудно-модулированного сигнала на выходе первого детектора 6 (при закороченном измеряемом четырехполюснике 5) будет равно ее изменению на выходе второго детектора 8 и следовательно на фазометре 7. Такие изменения фазы будут взаимно вычитаться.The change in the phase envelope of the amplitude-modulated signal at the output of the first detector 6 (with a shorted measured four-terminal 5) will be equal to its change at the output of the second detector 8 and therefore at the phase meter 7. Such phase changes will be subtracted.

После калибровки измеряемый четырехполюсник 5. снова включают в цепь, выход функционального преобразователя напряжения (ФПН) 11 подключается к входу управления частотой двухчастотного генератора 1, Далее включают ГПН 9 и при перестройке .на частоту генератора гармонического сигнала 10 снимают характеристику группового времени запаздывания (ГВЗ) измеряемого четырехполюсника 5 «_rp--W₃->, где текущая частота генератора гармонического сигнала 10.After calibration, the measured four-port terminal 5. is again connected to the circuit, the output of the voltage functional converter (FPF) 11 is connected to the frequency control input of the dual-frequency generator 1, then the tap-changer 9 is turned on and, when tuning. To the frequency of the harmonic signal generator 10, the characteristic group delay time (GDT) is taken measured quadrupole 5 " _rp --W ₃ ->, where the current frequency of the harmonic signal generator 10.

ГПН 9 управляет частотой генератора гармонического сигнала 10 по законуGPN 9 controls the frequency of the harmonic signal generator 10 according to the law

ГПН где - коэффициент пропорциональности при преобразовании напряжения на входе генератора гармонического сигнала 10 в частоту,'GPN where is the proportionality coefficient when converting the voltage at the input of the harmonic signal generator 10 to the frequency, '

О _м - текущее значение напряжения на выходе ГПН 9.About _m - the current value of the voltage at the output of the GPN 9.

Превый детектор 6 выделяет огибающую амплитудно-модулированного (AM) ’сигнала, прошедшего через измеряемый четырехполюсникт 5. Фаза этого сигнала будет меняться по закону °ΓΡ’ где F - частота модуляции.The first detector 6 selects the envelope of the amplitude-modulated (AM) ’signal that passed through the measured four-pole 5. The phase of this signal will change according to the law ° ΓΡ’ where F is the modulation frequency.

Тогда фаза огибающей AM сигнала на входе фазометра 7 будет зависеть от напряжения на выходе ГПН 9 по законуThen the phase of the envelope of the AM signal at the input of the phasemeter 7 will depend on the voltage at the output of the GPN 9 according to the law

Затем выход ФН 11 подключается к входу управления частотой двухчастотного генератора 1.Then the output of the FN 11 is connected to the input of the frequency control of the dual-frequency generator 1.

На ФПН 11 устанавливают функцию преобразования напряжения вых ' ^2 ( ^игпн\ где - безразмерная величина, близкая к функции ГВЗ измеряемого четырехполюсника 10On FPN 11, the voltage conversion function is set to output ^ ^ 2 ( ^and GPN, where is the dimensionless quantity close to the GVZ function of the measured four-terminal 10

Напряжение^ поступающее с выхода ФПН Побудет управлять частотами двухчастотного генератора 1 по законам £ а~ ^гпн^’ ·' где С£ - коэффициент пропорциональности при преобразовании напряжения на входе двухчастотного генератора 1 в частоту.The voltage ^ coming from the output of the FPF will control the frequencies of the two-frequency generator 1 according to the laws £ а ~ ^ ГПН ^ ’· 'where C £ is the proportionality coefficient when converting the voltage at the input of the two-frequency generator 1 to frequency.

Зависимость фазы огибающей двухчастотного сигнала на выходе второго сум м матор а 4 и_Л с ле до ва те л ьно, второго детектора 8, выражается формулой: %.<^27С^о> где Τθ - ГВЗ эталонного четырехполюсника 3,The dependence of the phase phase of the envelope of the two-frequency signal at the output of the second sum of the detector 4 and _L left to the left, second detector 8, is expressed by the formula:%. < ^27С ^ о> where Τθ is the GW of the reference four-terminal 3,

Тогда фаза огибающей двухчастотного сигнала на выходе второго детектора 8 будет иметь видThen the phase envelope of the two-frequency signal at the output of the second detector 8 will have the form

Так как F и Сз^-О ^яв^ляются произвольными постоянными, то их числовые значения можно сделать равными. Тогда коэффициент С берется из указанного допущения и устанавливается в двухчастотном генераторе 1.Since F and Cs-O ^ ^I in ^A are arbitrary constants, their numerical values can be made equal. Then the coefficient C is taken from the above assumption and is set in the dual-frequency generator 1.

Таким образом, на входах фазометра 7 фаза будет меняться по законам ^МЧП Г ПНThus, at the inputs of the phasemeter 7, the phase will change according to the laws of ^ MCHP G PN

Чем меньше разность |Чичп~^ок. I во всем диапазоне измеряемых задержек,. тем на более чувствительном пределе измерения возможно отсчитывать фазу сигнала, и тем точнее возможно измерять ГВЗ измеряемого четырехполюсника.The smaller the difference | Chichp ~ ^ approx. I over the entire range of measured delays. all the more, at the more sensitive measurement limit, it is possible to count the phase of the signal, and the more accurately it is possible to measure the GW of the measured four-terminal network.

Предлагаемое устройство позволяет измерить ГВЗ любых четырехполюсников .The proposed device allows you to measure the GVZ of any four-terminal network.

в фиксированных частотных точках с высокой точностно. Это достигается с помощью ручной перестройки частоты генераторов 1 и 10 измерительного и опорного каналов.at fixed frequency points with high accuracy. This is achieved by manually tuning the frequency of the generators 1 and 10 of the measuring and reference channels.

Последовательность измерения следующая. После установки необходимой частоты на генераторе гармонического сигнала 10 перестраивают вручную по частоте двухчастотный генератор 1 до тех пор, пока фазометр 7 не покажет ^и0^кфазы на самом чувствительном пределе ‘измерения. Снимается значение частоты сигнала на выходе двухчастотного генератора 1 с помощью любого частотомера и из соотношения где ΐρρ -значение ГВЗ измеряемого четырехполюсника, определяется значение ГВЗ измеряемого четырехполюсника в фиксированной частотной точке.The measurement sequence is as follows. After setting the required frequency on the harmonic signal generator 10, the dual-frequency generator 1 is manually tuned in frequency until the phasemeter 7 shows ^and 0 ^{to the} phase at the most sensitive measurement limit. The value of the signal frequency at the output of the two-frequency generator 1 is taken using any frequency meter and from the relation where ΐρρ is the GW value of the measured four-terminal network, the value of the GW value of the measured four-terminal network at a fixed frequency point is determined.

При включении в опорный канал между вторым сумматором 4 и вторым детектором 8 дополнительного четырехполюсника 14, можно производить сравнение ГВЗ разночастотных четырехполюсников.. Предложенное устройство имеет высокую точность измерения за счет использования фазометра в качестве нуль-индикатора фазы и не требует значительного времени для измерения.When an additional four-terminal 14 is included in the reference channel between the second adder 4 and the second detector 8, it is possible to compare the GW of the multi-frequency four-terminal .. The proposed device has high measurement accuracy due to the use of a phase meter as a zero phase indicator and does not require significant measurement time.

Claims

The invention relates to radio measurements and can be used to study two-port networks in laboratory and shop conditions. A device for measuring the group delay time of four pole cells is known, which contains a two-frequency generator, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder and to the input of a reference quadrupole, the output of the latter is connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the first adder and the second the dvuhchastotnos output of the generator, as well as the first detector connected to the first input of the measured quadrupole, the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase meter, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the second detector. 1T. However, this device has a low measurement accuracy due to a change in the difference frequency of the two-frequency signal, and also requires considerable time for measurement. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy and reduce the measurement time. For this, the device for measuring the gross latency of the quadrupoles contains a two-frequency generator, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder and to the input of the reference two-terminal network, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second adder, the input of which is connected to the second input of the first adder and the second output dual-frequency generator, as well as the first detector connected to the output of the measured quadrupole, the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase meter, the second input to The second detector is costly connected, a sawtooth generator, a harmonic signal generator, a functional voltage converter, a motor controller, a third detector and an additional quadrupole are input, and the output of the sawtooth generator is connected to the input of a functional voltage generator. voltage converter, the output of which is connected to the input of two frequency oscillators, the output of the first adder through a serially connected third detector and mode Torr, a second input coupled to an output of the harmonic signal generator is connected to the input of the measured quadripole j and the output of the second adder via a further chetfe; hposhosnik connected to an input of the second detector. - The drawing shows the structural electrical circuit of the device. A device for measuring the group delay of the quadrupole dual-frequency generator 1, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder 2 and to the input of this quad quad-axle 3, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second totalizer 4, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the first adder 2 and the second output of the two-frequency generator 1, as well as the first detector 6 connected to the output of the measured quadrupole 5, whose output is connected to the first, input of the phase meter 7, the second input which is connected to the output of the second detector 8, a saw generator voltage generator 9, harmonic signal generator 10, functional, voltage converter 11, modulator 12, third Detector 13, and additional four-field oscillator 14 are input. The output of the sawtooth voltage generator 9 is connected to the input of the harmonic signal generator U and to the input of the functional voltage converter 11, the output of which is connected to the input of the two-frequency generator 1, the output of the first adder 2 through the third connected in series Tector 13 and modulator 12 tf, a second input coupled to an output of the harmonic signal generator 10 is connected to an input of the measured quadripole 5, and the second output of the second adder 4 via optional. The chute 14 is connected to the input of the second detector 8. The proposed device works very little. In the initial position, the device is calibrated when the 3-way quadrupole 5 is shorted and the sawtooth voltage generator 9 is turned off, the frequency of the harmonic signal generator 10 is set by manual tuning. on the average value of the working range of the measuring device. Then, using manual tuning, the frequency of the dual-frequency generator 1 is changed until the phase meter 7 indicates zero at the most sensitive measurement limit. The phase shift of the envelope of the two-frequency signal at the output of the second detector 8 due to changes in the phases of the signals at the outputs of the two-frequency generator 1 when its frequency is rebuilt (without taking into account the phase shift on the reference four polarizer 3) does not introduce phase distortions, since the same phase shift has a trigger. The envelope coming from the third detector 13 to the modulator 12. The change in the phase of the envelope of the amplitude-modulated signal at the output of the first detector 6 (when the measured four is shorted is in the polarizer 5) will be equal to its change at the output of the second detector 8 and therefore on the phase meter 7. Such changes the phases will be subtracted. After calibration, the measured quadrupole 5 is again connected to the circuit, the output of the functional converter 1 (FPN) 11 is connected to the input of the frequency control of the two-frequency generator 1, Next turn on the FPG 9 and, after tuning, to the frequency of the harmonic signal generator 10, they remove the characteristic group time delay nor (DI) of the measured circuit of the 5polutnik 5 where f ,, is the current frequency of the harmonic signal generator 10. The FCL 9 controls the frequency of the generation; the mountain of the harmonic signal 10 according to the law where Cx is the aspect ratio When converting the voltage at the input of the harmonic signal generator 1O to the frequency, the current value of the voltage at the output of the FPG 9. The first detector 6 selects the envelope of the amplitude-modulated (AM) signal passing through the measured four pole 2. The phase of this signal will change according to the law, where F is the modulation frequency. Then the phase of the AM envelope of the signal at the input of the phase meter 7 will be connected to the voltage at the output of the FCN 9 according to the IPN-2P% law. Then the output of the PN 11 is connected to the input of the frequency control of the two-frequency generator 1. The voltage conversion function Bto is set on the FPN 11 H 2–1 gnnl where S. is a dimensionless quantity, close to the function of the group delay of the measured quadrupole 10. (,,) Voltage coming from the output of FPN Avoid controlling the frequencies of the dual-frequency generator 1 according to the laws, (.rm and V rw where C2 is the proportional coefficient of the network when converting the input frequency of the two-frequency generator 1 to the frequency. Dependence of the envelope phase of the two-frequency signal on the output of the second summator 4 in series, the second detector 8, is expressed by the formula: where 1G is the GDZ of the reference quadrupole 3. Then the envelope phase of the two-frequency signal at the output of the second detector 8 will have constant, then their numerical values can be made equal. Then the coefficient C is taken from the specified assumption and set in a two-hour generator 1. Thus, at the inputs of the Grame 7 phase, the phase will change according to the laws of% KG2 P gpn The smaller the difference. in the range of measured delays, at a more sensitive measurement limit, it is possible to count the phase of the signal, and the more accurately it is possible to measure the GDT of the measured quadrupole. The proposed device allows to measure the GDT of any quadrupole at fixed frequency points with high accuracy. This is accomplished by manually tuning the frequency of the generators 1 and 10 of the measuring and reference channels. The measurement sequence is following. After setting the required frequency on the harmonic signal generator 10, the two-frequency generator 1 is manually tuned to the frequency until the phase meter 7 shows the O phase at the most sensitive measurement limit. The frequency of the signal at the output of the two-frequency generator 1 is removed using any frequency counter and from the relation 2 t FCpp-2tCCp +. When the second adder 4 and the second detector 8 of the additional quadrupole 14 are included in the reference channel Melsdu, the GVZ of different frequency quadrupoles can be compared. The previous device has a high measurement accuracy due to the use of a phase meter as a numerical indicator of the phase and does not require significant time for measurement. Formula and Gain A device for measuring the group time of a 4-pole quadruple, containing a two-hour generator, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder and to the input of a reference four-pole connection, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the second the adder and the second output of the two-frequency generator, as well as the first detector connected to the output, measured by the quadrupole, the output of which is connected to the first input of A meter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second detector, is distinguished by the fact that, in order to increase the accuracy and reduce the measurement time, a sawtooth generator has been introduced, a harmonic signal generator, a functional voltage converter, a modulator, a third detector and a third pole , the output of the generator, a sawtooth voltage is connected to the input of a harmonic signal generator and to the input of a fuzzy voltage generator of the voltage generator, the output of which is connected to the input of two The generator, the output of the first adder through the third detector and the modulator connected in series, the second vip of which is connected to the output of the harmonic signal generator, is connected to the input of the measured four nozzles, and the output of the second adder lepea is connected to the input of the second detector.

Sources of information taken into the book during examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 375621, cl. G 04 F 10/04, publ. 1971 (prototype).