SU742117A1

SU742117A1 - Vibration machine for three-dimensional vibration-working

Info

Publication number: SU742117A1
Application number: SU782592024A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Валерий Павлович Чайка; Павел Дмитриевич Денисов; Петр Петрович Нахаев
Original assignee: Львовский Лесотехнический Институт
Priority date: 1978-03-20
Filing date: 1978-03-20
Publication date: 1980-06-25

Description

ί Изобретение относится к абразивной и упрочняющей вибрационной обработке деталей машин и приборов и может использоваться в машиностроительной про^ мышленности. 5ί The invention relates to abrasive and strengthening vibration processing of machine parts and devices and can be used in the engineering industry. 5

Известна вибрационная машина для объемной вибрационной обработки, снабженная механизмом плавного регулирования амплитуды колебаний, выполнен- Ю ным в виде зубчатой рейки, размещенной в полости дебалансного вала, перемещающейся посредством винтовой и зубчатой передачи от командоаппарата через червячную передачу, шарнир- 15 ные и карданные валы, а шестерня, взаимодействующая с зубчатой рейкой, смонтирована на одном валу с ведущим коническим колесом, расположенным в полости неподвижного дебалансного 20 груза и осуществляющим поворот дебалансного груза через соединенное с ним коническое колесо £1} .A known vibrating machine for volumetric vibration processing, equipped with a mechanism for smooth regulation of the amplitude of vibrations, made in the form of a gear rack, placed in the cavity of the unbalanced shaft, moving by means of a screw and gear transmission from the command device through a worm gear, articulated and cardan shafts, and the gear interacting with the gear rack is mounted on the same shaft with a bevel gear located in the cavity of a fixed unbalanced 20 load and turning the deb ansnogo load connected to it via a bevel gear £ 1}.

Однако, наличие многозвенных кинематических связей в механизме пла- 25 нового регулирования амплитуды колебаний усложняет конструкцию вибрационной машины, приводит к неточности в установке амплитуды колебаний и к нарушению технологического режима 30 обработки и снижению качества обработки деталей.However, the presence of multilink kinematic connections in the mechanism of the new regulation of the amplitude of oscillations complicates the design of the vibrating machine, leads to inaccuracies in the setting of the amplitude of vibrations and to a violation of the technological mode of processing 30 and to a decrease in the quality of processing of parts.

Цель изобретения— упрощение конструкции и повышение точности регулирования амплитуды колебаний в процессе работы машины.The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the accuracy of regulation of the amplitude of the oscillations during operation of the machine.

Для достижения этой цели в известной вибрационной машине для вибрационной обработки, содержащей упруго ' подвешенный контейнер, вал с дебалансной массой и устройством для изменения кинетического момента, и механизм плавного регулирования амплитуды колебаний, механизм плавного регулирования амплитуды колебаний выполнен в виде двух симметрично расположенных 'и несообщающихся между собой сильфонов, полости которых заполнены жидкой рабочей средой и соединены с устройством для изменения кинетического момента, при этом один иэ торцов сильфонов закреплен на общей неподвижной перегородке, а другие торцы сильфонов.закреплены на фланцах, установленных на ходовом винте, с возможностью синхронного перемещения последних от привода ходового винта.To achieve this, in a known vibration machine for vibration processing, containing an elastically 'suspended container, a shaft with an unbalanced mass and a device for changing the kinetic moment, and a mechanism for smoothly controlling the amplitude of vibrations, a mechanism for smoothly controlling the amplitude of vibrations is made in the form of two symmetrically located' and non-communicating among themselves bellows, the cavities of which are filled with a liquid working medium and are connected to a device for changing the kinetic moment, while one of the ends of the forces backgrounds fixed on a common fixed wall and the other ends silfonov.zakrepleny on flanges mounted on the spindle, with the possibility of simultaneous displacement past the drive spindle.

¹ Кроме того, устройство для изменения кинетического момента выполне упруго подвешенный на прунижней части контейнера 1 полый вал 3, торцы которокрышками 4 с цапфами, устав подшипниках.5 опор.кон10 .15 но.в виде закрепленных на внутренней поверхности вала друг против друга упругих оболочек, между которыми расположена дебалансная масса, а внутренние полости упругих оболочек при помощи каналов в валу и муфты соединены с механизмом плавного регулирования амплитуды колебаний. ¹ In addition, a device for changing the kinetic momentum is made elastically suspended on the rod part of the container 1 hollow shaft 3, the ends of which are covered with 4 trunnions, charter bearings. 5 bearings. 10 .15 n. between which an unbalanced mass is located, and the internal cavities of the elastic shells are connected via the channels in the shaft and the couplings to the mechanism for smoothly controlling the oscillation amplitude.

На .фиг.1 показана принципиальная схема вибрационной машины; на фиг.2 — разрез А-А на фиг.1 ;на фиг.З — положение дебалансной массы при максимальном кинетическом моменте.Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vibrating machine; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is the position of the unbalanced mass at the maximum kinetic moment.

Вибрационная машина для объемной вибрационной обработки содержит контейнер 1, жинах 2. В расположен, го закрыты новлеиными тейнера.Одна из цапф при помощи эластичной муфты 6 соединена с двигателем ' 7. На внутренней поверхности полого вала 3 друг против друга закреплены две упругие оболочки 8, между которыми расположена дебалансная масса 9, состоящая из смеси стальных.шаров и масла. Внутренние полости упругих оболочек 8 при помощи ниппелей 10, каналов 11, вращающейся муфты 12 и трубопроводов 13 соединены с механизмом плавного регулирования амплитуды колебаний. Механизм плавного регулирования амплитуды колебаний содержит два симметрично расположенных сильфона 14 и 15. Один из торцов сильфонов 14 и 15 закреплен на неподвижной перегородке 16, а .другие торцы сильфонов закреплены на подвижных фланцах 17 и 18, установленных в подшипниках 19 на ходовом винте 20. Ходовой винт 20 установлен в гайке 21, жестко закрепленной в перегородке 16, и соединен через червячную передачу 22 с реверсивным электродвигателем 23. На фланце 18 установлена стрелка 24 для отсчета значений на шкале 25, протарированной в единицах амплитуды коле- 45 баний контейнера. Полости упругих оболочек 8, сильфонов 14 и 15, каналов 11 и трубопроводов 13 полностью заполнены рабочей жидкостью.The vibrating machine for volumetric vibration processing contains a container 1, bars 2. It is located in one of them, it is closed with newer tuners. One of the trunnions is connected to the engine '7 using an elastic coupling 6'. Two elastic shells 8 are fixed against each other on the inner surface of the hollow shaft 3, between which there is an unbalanced mass 9, consisting of a mixture of steel balls and oil. The internal cavity of the elastic shells 8 with the help of nipples 10, channels 11, a rotating sleeve 12 and pipelines 13 are connected to a mechanism for smoothly controlling the amplitude of the oscillations. The mechanism for smooth regulation of the amplitude of oscillations contains two symmetrically arranged bellows 14 and 15. One of the ends of the bellows 14 and 15 is mounted on a fixed partition 16, and the other ends of the bellows are mounted on the movable flanges 17 and 18 installed in the bearings 19 on the screw 20. Running gear the screw 20 is installed in a nut 21, rigidly fixed in the partition 16, and is connected through a worm gear 22 with a reversible electric motor 23. An arrow 24 is mounted on the flange 18 to read the values on a scale 25, calibrated in units of the amplitude 45 left-container-oscillations. The cavities of the elastic shells 8, bellows 14 and 15, channels 11 and pipelines 13 are completely filled with the working fluid.

Описанная вибрационная машина для объемной вибрационной обработки работает следующим образом.The described vibratory machine for volumetric vibration processing operates as follows.

Перед запуском вибрационной машины фланцы 17 и 18 расположены на равном расстоянии от перегородки 16. При этом объем жидкости в сильфоне 15, сщцом из трубопроводов 13 и одной полости упругой оболочки 8, равен объему жидкости в сильфоне 14, другом трубопроводе 13 и противоположной полости упругой оболочки 8. При этом давление жидкости в обеих упругих оболочках 8 одинаково, вследствие чего помещенная между упругими оболочками дебалансная масса 9 занимает среднее положение, при котором кине тический момент равен нулю (фиг.2). При запуске вибрационной машины двигатель 7 через эластичную муфту 6 сообщает вращательное движение полому валу 3. После прохождения вибрационной машиной резонансной зоны оборотов включают реверсивный электродвигатель 23, который через червячную передачу 22 сообщает вращение ходовому винту 20. При вращении ходового винта 20 фланцы 17 и 18 перемещаются синхронно влево. При этом жидкость из полости сильфона 14 перекачивается по трубопроводу 13 и каналу 11 в одну из полостей упругой оболочки 8, а из другой полости упругой оболочки 8 такой же объем жидкости перекачивается по каналу 11 и трубопроводу 13 в полость сильфона 15. Плавным увеличением давления жидкости в одной полости оболочки 8 и уменьшением давления в другой полости оболочки 8 достигается плавное смещение помещенной между оболочками дебалансной массы относительно оси вращения вала 3, вследствие чего плавно меняется кинетический момент. При уменьшении давления жидкости в одной из упругих оболочек 8.до нуля кинетический момент достигает максимального значения (фиг.З). Масло, которое заполняет пространство между шарами дебалансной массы, способствует увеличению податливости шаров к изменению формы, их объема и плавному смещению ’ относительно оси вращения вала 3. При перемещении фланца 18 со стрелкой 24 в ту или иную сторону от нулевого положения, по шкале 25 производится отсчет значений амплитуды . колебаний контейнера 1.Before starting the vibrating machine, the flanges 17 and 18 are located at an equal distance from the partition 16. In this case, the volume of liquid in the bellows 15, with the conduits from the pipelines 13 and one cavity of the elastic shell 8, is equal to the volume of liquid in the bellows 14, the other pipe 13 and the opposite cavity of the elastic shell 8. In this case, the fluid pressure in both elastic shells 8 is the same, as a result of which the unbalanced mass 9 placed between the elastic shells occupies a middle position at which the kinetic moment is zero (Fig. 2). When the vibrating machine starts, the motor 7 through the elastic coupling 6 reports rotational motion to the hollow shaft 3. After the vibrating machine has passed through the resonance speed zone, the reversible electric motor 23 is turned on, which through the worm gear 22 informs the rotation of the spindle 20. When the spindle 20 rotates, the flanges 17 and 18 move synchronously to the left. In this case, the liquid from the bellows cavity 14 is pumped through the pipe 13 and the channel 11 into one of the cavities of the elastic shell 8, and from the other cavity of the elastic shell 8 the same volume of liquid is pumped through the channel 11 and the pipe 13 into the bellows cavity 15. By gradually increasing the liquid pressure in one cavity of the shell 8 and a decrease in pressure in the other cavity of the shell 8, a smooth displacement of the unbalanced mass placed between the shells is achieved relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3, as a result of which the kinetic moment changes smoothly. With a decrease in the fluid pressure in one of the elastic shells 8. to zero, the kinetic moment reaches its maximum value (Fig. 3). Oil, which fills the space between the balls of unbalanced mass, helps to increase the flexibility of the balls to shape, volume and smooth displacement 'relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3. When moving the flange 18 with arrow 24 to one side or another from the zero position, on a scale of 25 reading amplitude values. container vibrations 1.

Такое выполнение вибрационной машины для объемной вибрационной обработки позволяет упростить ее конструкцию и повысить точность регулирования амплитуды колебаний в процессе работы машины, что .повышает качество обработки деталей.This embodiment of a vibrating machine for volumetric vibration processing allows us to simplify its design and increase the accuracy of controlling the amplitude of vibrations during operation of the machine, which improves the quality of processing parts.

Claims

I The invention relates to abrasive and hardening vibration processing of machine parts and instruments and can be used in machine building industry. The known vibration machine for volumetric vibration treatment, slept by a mechanism of smooth adjustment of the amplitude of oscillations, is made in the form of a toothed rack placed in the cavity of the unbalance shaft, which is moved by means of a helical gear and gear train from the control unit via a worm gear, pivot shafts and cardan shafts, and a gear interacting with the toothed rack mounted on the same shaft with the driving cone wheel located in the cavity of the fixed unbalance load and turning the unbalance of cargo through the connection with him bevel gear 1. However, the presence of multi-link kinematic links in the mechanism of planned adjustment of the amplitude of oscillations complicates the design of the vibratory machine, leads to inaccuracies in setting the amplitude of oscillations and disrupting the processing mode and reducing the quality of machining parts. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the accuracy of controlling the amplitude of oscillations during the operation of the machine. To achieve this goal, in a known vibration machine for vibratory processing, containing an elastically suspended container, a shaft with unbalance mass to a device for changing kinetic moment, and a mechanism for adjusting the amplitude of oscillations, a mechanism for smoothly adjusting the amplitude of oscillations is made in two symmetrically arranged and uncooperative bellows whose cavities are filled with a liquid working medium and connected to a device for changing the kinetic moment, with one of the ends ilfonov fixed on a common fixed wall and the other ends silfonov.zakrepleny on flanges mounted on the spindle, with the possibility of synchronous movement past the drive spindle. In addition, the device for changing the kinetic moment is made in the form of elastic shells fixed on the inner surface of the shaft, between which the unbalance mass is located, and the internal cavities of the elastic shells are connected to the mechanism of smooth adjustment of the oscillation amplitude by means of the channels in the shaft and the coupling. On. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vibration machine; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1; figure 3 shows the position of the unbalance mass at an effective kinetic moment. The vibration machine for volumetric vibration treatment contains a container 1, elastically suspended on springs 2. A hollow shaft 3 is located in the lower part of the container 1, the ends of which are closed by covers 4 with trunnions mounted in bearings.5 of the supports. The container. One of the trunnions is connected to the engine 7 by means of an elastic coupling 6. On the inner surface of the hollow shaft 3, two elastic shells 8 are fixed opposite each other, between which there is an unbalance mass 9 consisting of a mixture of steel balls and oil. The internal cavities of the elastic shells 8 are connected with a mechanism for smoothly adjusting the amplitude of oscillations by means of nipples 10, channels 11, rotating couplings 12 and pipelines 13. The mechanism of smooth adjustment of the amplitude of oscillations contains two symmetrically located sylphs at 14 and 15. One of the bellows ends 14 and 15 is fixed on the fixed partition 16, and the other ends of the bellows are fixed on the movable flanges 17 and 18 installed in bearings 19 on the lead screw 20. The spindle 20 is mounted in a nut 21 rigidly fixed in the partition 16 and connected via a worm gear to a reversible electric motor 23. the flange 18 has an arrow 24 for counting the values on a scale 25, tared in units of amplitude count container-oscillations. The cavities of the elastic shell 8, the bellows 14 and 15, the channels 11 and the pipelines 13 are completely filled with the working fluid. The described vibration shaker for volumetric vibration treatment operates as follows. Before starting the vibrating machine, the flanges 17 and 18 are located at equal distance from the partition 16. At the same time, the volume of fluid in the bellows 15, which is transparent from the pipelines 13 and one cavity of the elastic shell 8, is equal to the fluid in the bellows 14, the other pipeline 13 and the opposite cavity elastic shell 8. In this case, the pressure of the fluid in both elastic shells 8 is the same, which results in the unbalance mass 9 placed between the elastic shells and is in the middle position at which the kinetic moment is zero (figure 2). When starting the vibratory machine, the motor 7 through the elastic coupling 6 drives the rotational movement of the hollow shaft 3. After the vibrating machine passes the resonance zone of revolutions, a reversing motor 23 is turned on, which through the worm gear 22 communicates the rotation to the drive screw 20. When the running screw 20 rotates, flanges 17 and 18 move synchronously to the left. The fluid from the cavity of the bellows 14 is pumped through the pipeline 13 and the channel 11 into one of the cavities of the elastic shell 8, and from the other cavity of the elastic shell 8 the same volume of liquid is pumped through the channel 11 and the pipeline 13 into the cavity of the bellows 15. A smooth increase in the pressure of the liquid in one cavity of the shell 8 and a decrease in pressure in the other cavity of the shell 8 achieve a smooth displacement of the unbalanced mass placed between the shells relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3, as a result of which the kinetic moment smoothly changes. As the pressure of the fluid in one of the elastic shells 8 decreases. The kinetic moment reaches a maximum value (Fig. 3). The oil, which fills the space between the unbalanced mass balls, increases the flexibility of the balls to change the shape, their volume and smooth displacement relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3. When the flange 18 with arrow 24 moves to one side or the other from the zero position, on a scale of 25 count of amplitude values. oscillations of the container 1. Such an embodiment of the vibrating machine for volumetric vibratory processing allows to simplify its design and improve the accuracy of controlling the amplitude of oscillations during the operation of the machine, which improves the quality of machining of parts. Claim 1. Vibration machine for volumetric vibration treatment, containing an elastically suspended container, a shaft with unbalance mass and a device for changing kinetic moment, and a mechanism for smoothly adjusting the amplitude of oscillations, characterized in that with a chain of design simplification and improving the accuracy of amplitude control oscillations during the operation of the machine, the device for changing the kinetic moment is made in the form of elastic shells fixed on the shaft surface opposite each other, which is the unbalance weight and the internal cavity of the elastic membranes by means of channels in the shaft and connected to the clutch adjusting mechanism of smooth oscillation amplitude.

2 .. A machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for smoothly adjusting the amplitude of oscillations is made in the form of two symmetrically arranged and non-communicating bellows, the cavities of which are filled with a liquid working medium and connected to a device for changing the kinetic moment, one the ends of the bellows are fixed on a common fixed partition, and the other ends of the bellows are fixed on the flanges mounted on the spindle, with the possibility of simultaneous movement of the latter from the spindle drive.

Sources of information taken into account in the examination

1. USSR author's certificate No. 237628, cl. On 24 May 31/06, 1969.