SU741897A1

SU741897A1 - Apparatus for carrying-out heat mass exchange processes

Info

Publication number: SU741897A1
Application number: SU772549881A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Иосифович Гусленко; Григорий Борисович Фройштетер; Петр Борисович Бегоулев; Анатолий Ксенофонтович Маскаев; Марк Абрамович Альтшулер; Виталий Георгиевич Пахолков
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я М-5593
Priority date: 1977-12-01
Filing date: 1977-12-01
Publication date: 1980-06-25

Description

Изобретение относится к аппаратам химической технологии и может использоваться для проведения процессов смешения, выпарки, отгонки , экстракции, дистилляции , абсорбции и десорбции в химической, нефтехимической , нефтеперерабатывающей и пищевой промышленности.The invention relates to apparatuses of chemical technology and can be used for mixing, evaporation, distillation, extraction, distillation, absorption and desorption processes in the chemical, petrochemical, oil refining and food industries.

Известен аппарат пленочного типа, в котором обеспечивается интенсификация тепломассообменных процессов в вязких жидкостях. Аппарат содержит корпус в виде обогреваемой вертикальной трубы, снабженной тремя рядами сопл, тангенциально расположенных по высоте корпуса [П. Жидкая пленка создается путем растекания плоской струи, выходящей совместно с газом из сопла, над которым образуется восходящий и нисходящий закрученный кольцевой поток жидкости. Большая окружная скорость течения пленки позволяет увеличить интенсивность обмена и время контакта жидкости и газа по сравнению с гравитационно сте2 кающей пленкой. Недостаток рассматри- ’ ваемой конструкции заключается в том, что толщина пленки в восходящем потоке значительно больше, чем в нисходящем, второй и третий сопловые подводы утолщают пленку, снижая обменные характеристики процесса.Known apparatus of the film type, which provides the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in viscous liquids. The apparatus comprises a housing in the form of a heated vertical pipe equipped with three rows of nozzles tangentially located along the height of the housing [P. A liquid film is created by spreading a flat jet, leaving together with the gas from the nozzle, over which an upward and downward swirling ring flow of liquid forms. The large circumferential velocity of the film flow makes it possible to increase the exchange rate and the liquid – gas contact time in comparison with the gravitationally flowing film. The disadvantage of the considered design is that the thickness of the film in the upward flow is much greater than in the downward flow; the second and third nozzle inlets thicken the film, reducing the exchange characteristics of the process.

Известен аппарат, содержащий корпус в виде вертикальной трубы с рядом отверстий, через которые тангенциально подается обрабатываемая жидкость, образующая закрученную пленку И- Этот аппарат не устраняет недостатков описанного выше.A known apparatus comprising a housing in the form of a vertical pipe with a series of holes through which the processed fluid is tangentially supplied, forming a swirling film I. This apparatus does not eliminate the disadvantages of the above.

Наиболее близок по технической сущности к предлагаемому изобретению аппарат, содержащий цилиндрический корпус, в виде обогреваемой вертикальной трубы с тангенциальным подводом жидкости и газа, корпус которого снабжен цилиндрической переливной камерой, расположенной в его верхней части. В нижней части корпуса установлены сопла для газа, на— ³ 741897 правление движения в которых встречно направлению вращения жидкости [з].Closest to the technical nature of the invention, the apparatus contains a cylindrical body in the form of a heated vertical pipe with a tangential supply of liquid and gas, the body of which is equipped with a cylindrical overflow chamber located in its upper part. The lower housing portion mounted to the gas nozzle, HA ³ 741897 board in which movement counter to the rotational direction of fluid [s].

Этот аппарат позволяет повысить интенсивность тепло- и массообмена, одна— . ко по своим характеристикам не удовлетворяет современным требованиям. В этом аппарате длина нисходящего участка стекающей пленки значительно превышает длину восходящего. Следовательно, время контакта элемента жидкости с газом в восходящем потоке много меньше, чем в нисходящем. А если учесть, что расходы в восходящем и нисходящем потоках равны, то половина всего количества расхода жидкости, подводимой к колонне, практически не участвует в процессе. Это ведет к снижению интенсивности процесса.This device allows you to increase the intensity of heat and mass transfer, one—. to its characteristics does not meet modern requirements. In this apparatus, the length of the descending portion of the falling film is significantly greater than the length of the ascending one. Consequently, the contact time of a liquid element with a gas in an upward flow is much shorter than in a downward flow. And if we consider that the costs in the upstream and downstream are equal, then half of the total amount of fluid flow supplied to the column is practically not involved in the process. This leads to a decrease in the intensity of the process.

Цель изобретения - интенсификация процесса за счет увеличения зоны контакта фаз и распределения жидкости между восходящими и нисходящими потоками.The purpose of the invention is the intensification of the process by increasing the contact zone of the phases and the distribution of liquid between upward and downward flows.

Это достигается тем, что переливная камера расположена по всей длине корпуса, устройство для распределения жидкости установлено в верхней части корпуса, а сопло для подвода жидкости в корпус размещено под углом 50-85 к образующей цилиндрической внутренней поверхности корпуса.This is achieved by the fact that the overflow chamber is located along the entire length of the housing, a device for distributing liquid is installed in the upper part of the housing, and a nozzle for supplying fluid to the housing is placed at an angle of 50-85 to the generatrix of the cylindrical inner surface of the housing.

Распределительное устройство может быть выполнено в виде трубы с отверстиями системы усеченных конусов.The distribution device can be made in the form of a pipe with holes in a system of truncated cones.

На фиг. 1 изображен предлагаемый аппарат , общий вид; на фиг. 2 - установка для проведения тепломассообменных процессов, содержащая дополнительно рециркуляционную емкость.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed apparatus, General view; in FIG. 2 - installation for conducting heat and mass transfer processes, additionally containing a recirculation tank.

Аппарат для проведения тёпломассообменных процессов содержит цилиндрический корпус 1, переливную камеру 2, выполненную в виде коаксиально расположенной относительно корпуса трубы большего диаметра. Корпус и переливная камера имеют внешний обогрев. Корпус снабжен тангенциальными соплами 3, для подвода обрабатываемой жидкости в корпус 1, которая подводится к соплам с помощью распределительной коробки 4, Сопла установлены под углом 50-85 к образующей цилиндрической внутренней поверхности корпуса 1. В верхней части корпуса расположено устройство 5 для распределения жидкости в виде съемной трубы с отверстиями 6. Аппарат снабжен патрубками для подвода газа, расположенными в его нижней части, и газоотводными трубками 7.The apparatus for conducting heat and mass transfer processes contains a cylindrical body 1, an overflow chamber 2, made in the form of a coaxially located relative to the pipe body of a larger diameter. The housing and overflow chamber are externally heated. The housing is equipped with tangential nozzles 3, for supplying the processed fluid to the housing 1, which is supplied to the nozzles using a junction box 4, The nozzles are installed at an angle of 50-85 to the generatrix of the cylindrical inner surface of the housing 1. In the upper part of the housing there is a device 5 for distributing liquid into in the form of a removable pipe with holes 6. The device is equipped with nozzles for supplying gas located in its lower part, and gas pipes 7.

Аппарат работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Жидкость, подлежащую обработке, подводят под давлением в распределительную коробку. Она, попадая в корпус через сопсопла 3, распределяется по внутренней поверхности, образуя восходящий и нисходящий закрученный потоки. Так как сопла 3 расположены преимущественно под углом 83 к образующей корпуса 1, большая часть жидкости переходит в восходящий поток и через отверстия 6 и верхнюю часть устройства 5 поступает в переливную камеру 2, распределяясь по внешней поверхности корпуса 1 и внутренней поверхности переливной камеры 2, и в виде тонкой пленки стекает под действием гравитационных сил навстречу газовому потоку.The fluid to be treated is supplied under pressure to the junction box. It, falling into the body through the nozzle 3, is distributed on the inner surface, forming upward and downward swirling flows. Since the nozzles 3 are located mainly at an angle of 83 to the generatrix of the housing 1, most of the liquid passes into the upward flow and through the holes 6 and the upper part of the device 5 enters the overflow chamber 2, distributed over the outer surface of the housing 1 and the inner surface of the overflow chamber 2, and in the form of a thin film flows under the influence of gravitational forces towards the gas flow.

Реагирующий или инертный газ подают в аппарат снизу в корпус 1 и переливную камеру 2. Отработанный газ отводят в верхней части аппарата через газоотвод. ные трубки 7.Reactive or inert gas is fed into the apparatus from below into the housing 1 and the overflow chamber 2. The exhaust gas is discharged to the upper part of the apparatus through a gas outlet. ny tubes 7.

В случае проведения процессов, требующих рециркуляции обрабатываемого продукта, аппарат устанавливают над рециркуляционной емкостью. Корпус 1 и переливная камера 2 в этом варианте устройства выполнены без обогрева, а устройство для распределения жидкости - представляет собой систему усеченных конусов 8 й 9.In the case of processes requiring recirculation of the processed product, the apparatus is installed above the recirculation tank. The housing 1 and the overflow chamber 2 in this embodiment of the device are made without heating, and the device for distributing the liquid is a system of truncated cones 8 th 9.

•Обрабатываемая жидкость поступает в корпус 1 через сопла 3, образуя нисходящий и восходящий поток на ее внутренней поверхности. Большая часть жидкости, образовавшая восходящий поток, попадает на внешнюю стенку конуса 9, а затем внутреннюю стенку конуса 8 устройства 5 для распределения жидкости и распределяется по внешней поверхности корпуса 1 и внутренней поверхности переливной камеры 2 навстречу газовому потоку, подаваемому в рециркуляционную емкость 1Ъ через барботер. Отработанный в аппарате продукт попадает в рециркуляционную емкость, откуда отбирается или, при необходимости, возвращается на повторную обработку.• The processed fluid enters the housing 1 through nozzles 3, forming a downward and upward flow on its inner surface. Most of the liquid that forms the upward flow enters the outer wall of the cone 9, and then the inner wall of the cone 8 of the liquid distribution device 5 and is distributed along the outer surface of the housing 1 and the inner surface of the overflow chamber 2 towards the gas flow supplied to the recirculation tank 1 through a bubbler . The product spent in the apparatus falls into the recirculation tank, from where it is taken away or, if necessary, returned to reprocessing.

Проведенные опыты показывают, что разделение восходящего потока по двум поверхностям повышает производительность аппарата, увеличивает поверхность контакта фаз, приходящуюся на единицу объема аппарата, улучшает тепломассообменные характеристики аппарата.Our experiments show that the separation of the upward flow along two surfaces increases the productivity of the apparatus, increases the contact surface of the phases per unit volume of the apparatus, improves the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the apparatus.

Claims

(54) APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT HEAT AND MASS-EXCHANGE PROCESSES The invention relates to chemical process equipment and can be used for carrying out processes of mixing, evaporation, distillation, extraction, distillation, absorption and desorption in the chemical, petrochemical, oil refining and food industry. A film-type apparatus is known in which intensification is provided. heat and mass transfer processes in viscous liquids. The apparatus comprises a housing in the form of a heated vertical pipe provided with three rows of nozzles tangentially located along the height of the housing}. A liquid film is created by spreading a flat jet, which, together with the gas, flows out of the nozzle, above which an upward and downward spiraling flow of liquid is formed. The greater circumferential flow rate of the film allows an increase in the exchange rate and the contact time of the liquid and gas as compared to the gravity station. with a peep wrap. The disadvantage of the considered design is that the film thickness in the upstream is much larger than in the downstream, the second and third nozzle cartridges thicken the film, reducing the exchange characteristics of the process. A device is known that comprises a housing in the form of a vertical pipe with a series of holes through which the treated liquid forming a twisted film 2 is tangentially supplied. This device does not eliminate the disadvantages described above. The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is an apparatus comprising a cylindrical body in the form of a heated vertical pipe with a tangential supply of liquid and gas, the casing of which is provided with a cylindrical overflow chamber located in its upper part. At the bottom of the case there are nozzles dp gas1. in which the vertical direction of rotation of the fluid is. This device allows to increase the intensity of heat and mass transfer, however, by its characteristics it does not meet modern requirements. In this device, the length of the downward section of the flowing film significantly exceeds the length of the ascending one. Consequently, the contact time of the liquid element with a gas in the ascending stream is much shorter than in the descending one. And if we consider that the costs in the ascending and descending flows are equal, then half of the total amount of the flow of liquid supplied to the column practically does not participate in the process. This leads to a decrease in the intensity of the process. The purpose of the invention is to intensify the process by increasing the contact zone of the phases and distributing the load between the ascending and descending flows. This is achieved by the fact that the overflow chamber is located along the entire length of the body, a device for distributing the liquid is installed in the upper part of the body, and a nozzle for supplying liquid to the body is placed at an angle of 5-0 to the forming cylindrical inner surface of the body. The distribution device can be made in the form of a pipe with openings of a system of truncated cones. FIG. 1 shows the proposed apparatus, a general view of FIG. 2 — an apparatus for carrying out heat and mass transfer processes, additionally containing a recirculation tank. The apparatus for conducting heat and mass transfer processes comprises a cylindrical body I, an overflow chamber 2, made in the form of a pipe of larger diameter coaxially located relative to the body. The body and the overflow chamber have external heating. The casing is equipped with tangential nozzles 3, for supplying the liquid to be processed into the casing If, which leads to the nozzles with the power of the junction box 4. The coil is installed at an angle of 50-85 to the forming cylindrical inner surface of the casing 1. At the top of the casing there is a device 5 for distributing liquid in the form of a removable pipe with holes 6. The apparatus is provided with gas connections for gas supply located in its lower part and exhaust pipes 7. The apparatus operates as follows. The liquid to be processed, by; one under pressure in the distribution box. It enters the hull through the sopopla 3 and is distributed along the inner surface, forming ascending and descending swirling flows. Since the nozzles 3 are located predominantly under the corner 83 to the generatrix of the housing 1, most of the liquid flows into the upward flow and through the openings 6 and the upper part of the device 5 enters the overflow chamber 2, distributed over the outer surface of the housing I and the inner surface of the overflow chamber 2 , and in the form of a thin film flows under the action of gravitational forces towards the gas flow. Reactive or inert gas is fed into the apparatus from below into the housing 1 and the overflow chamber.

2. Exhaust gas is discharged in the upper part of the apparatus through the vent pipes 7. In the case of processes requiring recirculation of the product to be treated, the apparatus is installed above the recirculation tank. The housing 1 and the overflow chamber 2 in this embodiment of the device are made without heating, and the liquid distribution device is a system of truncated cones 8 and 9. The liquid to be processed enters the housing 1 through nozzles 3, forming a downward and upward flow on its inner surface . Most of the liquid that forms the upward flow enters the outer wall of the cone 9, and then the inner wall of the cone 8 of the liquid distribution device 5, and is distributed on the outer surface of the housing 1 and the inner surface of the overflow chamber 2 towards the gas flow supplied to the recirculation tank it) cher «s bubbler. The spent product in the apparatus will drop into the recirculation tank from where it is taken or, if necessary, returned for reprocessing. Experiments show that the separation of the upward flow along two surfaces increases the productivity of the apparatus, increases the contact surface of the phases per unit volume of the apparatus, improves the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the apparatus. The invention The apparatus for conducting heat and mass transfer processes in a liquid-gas system comprising a cylindrical body with a jacket and a tangential liquid supply through nozzles coaxially into the burned cylindrical overflow chamber and liquid distribution devices, characterized in that in order to intensify the process by increasing the area contact of the phases and the distribution of fluid between the upstream and downstream flows, the overflow chamber is located along the entire length of the housing, the device for the distribution of bones found in the top five chas97 housing, and a nozzle for supplying liquid into the body taken at an angle of 50-83 to the generatrix of the cylindrical internal surface of the housing. Information sources. taken into account in the examination 1. Freischteter G. B. and others. Modeling of chemical reactors, 1970 h. 2. 8 "-" "- c e ™ ..; 3j USSR Author's Certificate No. 386638, cl. B 01 D3 / 28, 1971.