SU741891A1

SU741891A1 - Automatic fire extinguishing system for oil-product storing-reservoir parks

Info

Publication number: SU741891A1
Application number: SU782583120A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Евгеньевич Макаров
Original assignee: Высшая Инженерная Пожарно-Техническая Школа Мвд Ссср
Priority date: 1978-03-01
Filing date: 1978-03-01
Publication date: 1980-06-25

Description

Изобретение относится к противопожарной технике, а именно, к стационарным установкам для тушения пожаров воздушно-механической пеной.The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, namely, to stationary installations for extinguishing fires with air-mechanical foam.

Известна автоматическая система пожаротушения для резервуарных парков ⁵хранения нефтепродуктов, содержащая пеногенераторы, подсоединенные трубопроводами к емкостям для воды и пенообразователя, контрольно пусковое устройство, к которому подключены пожарные извещатели, и автоматические задвижки, управляющие подачей жидкостей[1].Known automatic fire extinguishing system for tank farms ⁵ for storing petroleum products, containing foam generators connected by pipelines to water tanks and a foaming agent, a control starting device to which fire detectors are connected, and automatic valves that control the flow of liquids [1].

Недостатком системы является наличие общего водопровода с промышленным предприятием, общие электрические коммуникации, питающие электродвигатели насосной станции и контрольно-пусковую аппаратуру. Насосная станция размещена в отапливаемом помещении большой _г0площади. Кроме того, количество подаваемой огнетушашей жидкости этой системой достаточно только для зашиты резервуаров малой емкости.The disadvantage of the system is the presence of a common water supply system with an industrial enterprise, general electrical communications, supplying electric motors to the pumping station and control and starting equipment. The pumping station is placed in a heated room large _r0 area. In addition, the amount of extinguishing fluid supplied by this system is sufficient only for the protection of small tanks.

Целью изобретения является повышение надежности и эффективности работы системы.The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the system.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что система имеет турбореактивную установку с компрессором и генератором, патрубки для отбора выхлопных газов от ’турбореактивной установки и газов высокого давления от компрессора и датчики температуры жидкостей, а емкости для воды и пенообразователя снабжены дополнительными стенками, образующими замкнутые полости, и перфорированными коллекторами, размещенными в емкостях, при этом патрубок отбора выхлопных газов от турбореактивной установки соединен трубопроводом с полостями между стенками емкостей, а патрубок отбора газов высокого давления от компрессора - с коллекторами, при этом датчики температуры жидкостей электрически связаны с контрольно пусковым устройством, которое подключено к турбореактивной установке.This goal is achieved by the fact that the system has a turbojet installation with a compressor and a generator, nozzles for exhaust exhaust from the turbojet and high pressure gases from the compressor and liquid temperature sensors, and the water and foaming tanks are equipped with additional walls that form closed cavities, and perforated collectors placed in containers, while the exhaust pipe from the turbojet installation is connected by a pipe to the cavities between the walls of the tank th, and the nozzle for the selection of high pressure gases from the compressor is connected to the collectors, while the temperature sensors of the liquids are electrically connected to the control starting device, which is connected to the turbojet installation.

Кроме этого, автоматическая система пожаротушения имеет счетчики количества запусков и наработки часов, подключенные к контрольно-пусковому устройству, а автоматические задвижки подключены к генератору турбореактивной установки.In addition, the automatic fire extinguishing system has counters for the number of starts and running hours connected to the control and starting device, and automatic valves are connected to the generator of the turbojet installation.

Такая конструкция системы пожаротушения обеспечивает ее надежность и эффективность работы в широком диапазоне температур окружающей среды, обеспечивает ее автономность.This design of the fire extinguishing system ensures its reliability and efficiency in a wide range of ambient temperatures, ensures its autonomy.

На чертеже схематично изображена система пожаротушения. Она имеет турбореактивную установку 1 с генератором электрического тока 2, патрубками 3 и 4 отбора выхлопных газов и газов высокого давления, контрольно-пусковое устройство 5, емкости 6 и 7 для хранения воды и пенообразователя, пеногенераторы 8, пожарные извещатели 9 и автоматические задвижки 1О.The drawing schematically shows a fire extinguishing system. It has a turbojet installation 1 with an electric current generator 2, nozzles 3 and 4 for selecting exhaust gases and high pressure gases, a control and starting device 5, containers 6 and 7 for storing water and a foaming agent, foam generators 8, fire detectors 9 and automatic shutters 1O.

Емкости снабжены дополнительными стенками 11 и 12, перфорированными коллекторами 13 и 14 и датчиками 15 температуры жидкостей. Защищаемый резервуар 16 с нефтепродуктами имеет оросительное кольцо 17 и обваловку Патрубок 3 соединен трубопроводом с полостями, образуемыми двойными ками емкостей, патрубок 4 соединен бопроводами 20 с перфорированными лекторами и с полостями над жидкостями ⁵для ее наддува. Емкости с жидкостями соединены трубопроводами 21 с пеногенераторами. Контрольно-пусковое устройство подключено к турбореактивной установке, датчикам температуры, пожарным извещателям и к автоматическим задвижкам. Емкости имеют клапаны сброса давления 22..The tanks are equipped with additional walls 11 and 12, perforated collectors 13 and 14 and sensors 15 for the temperature of liquids. The protected tank 16 with petroleum products has an irrigation ring 17 and an embankment. The pipe 3 is connected by a pipeline to the cavities formed by the double tanks, the pipe 4 is connected by pipelines 20 with perforated lecturers and with cavities above the liquids ⁵ for pressurization. Capacities with liquids are connected by pipelines 21 to foam generators. The control and starting device is connected to a turbojet installation, temperature sensors, fire detectors and automatic gate valves. Tanks have pressure relief valves 22 ..

Система имеет три режима работы: тушение пожара, дежурный режим, обогрев.The system has three operating modes: fire extinguishing, standby mode, heating.

При тушении пожара по сигналу от извещателя 9 через контрольно-пусковое устройство 5 запускается турбореактивная установка 1. После запуска турбореактивной установки, питание всех электрических сетей системы пожаротушения осуществляется от генератора 2, установленного на ней. Контрольно-пусковое устройство дает команду на открыв тие задвижек 10, установленных в линии трубопроводов 20 для подвода газов высокого давления на наддув емкостей 6 и 7 и на открытие задвижек в линии 21 для подвода воды и пенообразователя, кWhen a fire is extinguished by a signal from the detector 9, the turbojet installation 1 is launched through the control and starting device 5. After the turbojet installation is launched, all electrical networks of the fire extinguishing system are powered by a generator 2 installed on it. The control and starting device gives a command to open the valves 10 installed in the line of pipelines 20 for supplying high pressure gases to pressurize containers 6 and 7 and to open the valves in line 21 for supplying water and a foaming agent, to

18.18.

стентрукоп—stentrukop—

741651 4 пеногенераторам 8 и оросительному кольцу 17.741651 4 to foam generators 8 and an irrigation ring 17.

В дежурном режиме работает система обнаружения пожара и датчики контроля температуры 15 в емкостях 6 и 7. Питание системы пожаротушения осуществляется от резервного источника электроэнергии, например, аккумуляторных батарей. При этом затраты ее минимальны.In standby mode, a fire detection system and temperature control sensors 15 in tanks 6 and 7. The fire extinguishing system is powered by a backup source of electricity, for example, rechargeable batteries. Moreover, its costs are minimal.

При снижении температуры пенообразователя и воды ниже допустимого значения система работает в режиме обогрев. При этом по команде датчика температуры 15 через контрольно-пусковое уст55 ройство 5 автоматически запускается турбореактивная установка 1. За счет электроэнергии, вырабатываемой генератором 2, открываются задвижки 10 в линии трубопроводов 20, и воздух высо20 кого давления ^!( Т_в = 220-300° С и V 5-10 кг/см*²·) поступает через перфорированные коллекторы 13 и 14, которые расположены в нижней части емкостей 6 и 7. Барботируя через слой воды, воздух подогревает воду. При этом избыточное давление воздуха стравливается через клапаны сброса 22, сообщающие верхнюю полость с атмосферой. Одновременно выхлопные газы по. линии трубопроводов 19 наступают в полости между стенками емкостей и путем теплопроводности обогревают воду и пенообразователь. Как только их температура достигнет требуемой величины, турбореактивная установка по команде датчиков температуры через контрольно-пусковое устройство автоматически выключается и система . переходит на дежурный режим. В случае возникновения пожара при работе системы в режиме обогрев система автоматически переводится на режим тушение пожара.When the temperature of the foaming agent and water drops below the permissible value, the system operates in heating mode. At the same time, at the command of the temperature sensor 15, through the control and starting device 55, the turbojet installation 1 is automatically started. Due to the electricity generated by the generator 2, the valves 10 in the pipeline line 20 are opened, and the air is of high pressure ^! (T _in = 220-300 ° C and V 5-10 kg / cm * ² ·) enters through the perforated collectors 13 and 14, which are located in the lower part of the tanks 6 and 7. Sparging through a layer of water, the air heats the water. In this case, excess air pressure is vented through the relief valves 22, communicating the upper cavity with the atmosphere. At the same time, exhaust fumes. lines of pipelines 19 occur in the cavity between the walls of the containers and by means of thermal conductivity heat the water and the foaming agent. As soon as their temperature reaches the required value, the turbojet installation is automatically turned off by the command of the temperature sensors through the control and starting device and the system. switches to standby mode. In the event of a fire during operation of the system in heating mode, the system automatically switches to fire extinguishing mode.

Современные газотурбинные установки позволяют⁰ производить отбор воздуха из-за компрессора с давлением 5-. -10 кг/см и’расходом 1-10 кг/см. То есть при наддуве емкости с водой воздухом с такими параметрами можно получить высокие расходы воды от 1000 л/с до 10000 л/с при давлении 5-10 кг/см . Высокая интенсивность подачи воды позволяет ликвидировать' пожар на самой ранней стадии его развития при наименьшем значении ущерба при наименьшей затрате огнетушаших средств на тушение пожара.Modern gas turbine units allow ⁰ to take air due to the compressor with a pressure of 5-. -10 kg / cm and consumption of 1-10 kg / cm. That is, when a tank with water is pressurized with air with such parameters, it is possible to obtain high water flows from 1000 l / s to 10,000 l / s at a pressure of 5-10 kg / cm. The high intensity of the water supply makes it possible to eliminate a fire at the earliest stage of its development with the least damage with the least expenditure of extinguishing media to extinguish the fire.

Для обеспечения таких высоких секундных расходов воды при таких давленияхTo ensure such high second flow rates at such pressures

2'52'5

741891 6 мощность электродвигателей насосов, а, следовательно, и мощность источников энергии резервируемой на случай пожара будет составлять несколько тысяч киловатт. 5741891 6 the power of the electric motors of the pumps, and, consequently, the power of the energy sources reserved in case of fire will be several thousand kilowatts. 5

Предлагаемая система пожаротушения с газотурбинной установкой имеет меньшие габариты и вес, чем обычные системы пожаротушения, в состав которых входят электростанция и насосная станция. Вес ю газотурбинных установок для приведенных выше параметров составляет 300-1000 кг, а максимальный габаритный размер не превышает 2-3 м.The proposed fire extinguishing system with a gas turbine installation has smaller dimensions and weight than conventional fire extinguishing systems, which include a power plant and a pumping station. The weight of gas turbine units for the above parameters is 300-1000 kg, and the maximum overall size does not exceed 2-3 m.

Система пожаротушения имеет значи- 15 тельно меньшую протяженность электрических и водопроводных коммуникаций, занимает меньшую площадь, а следовательно и менее уязвима в аварийных условиях. Обладает полной автономностью, не зави- 20 сит от посторонних источников энергии, что особенно важно для удаленных от промышленных центров районов страны. Система автоматически обеспечивает надежность срабатывания в диапазоне темпе- 25 ратур окружающей среды от +60 С до -60° С.The fire extinguishing system has a significantly shorter length of electrical and water communications, occupies a smaller area, and therefore is less vulnerable in emergency conditions. It has full autonomy, does not depend on extraneous energy sources, which is especially important for areas of the country remote from industrial centers. The system automatically ensures reliability in the range of ambient temperatures from +60 С to -60 ° С.

Claims

In addition, the automatic fire extinguishing system has counters of the number of starts and operating hours, which are connected to the control starting device, and the automatic valves are connected to the generator of the turbojet. Such a design of the fire extinguishing system ensures its reliability and efficiency in a wide range of ambient temperatures, ensures its autonomy. The drawing schematically shows a fire extinguishing system. It has a turbojet unit 1 with an electric generator 2, nozzles 3 and 4 for selecting exhaust gases and high pressure gases, a control starting device 5, tanks 6 and 7 for storing water and a frother, peyogenerators 8, fire detectors 9 and automatic valves 1O. The tanks are provided with additional walls 11 and 12, perforated collectors 13 and 14, and sensors 15 for the temperature of liquids. The protected reservoir 16 with petroleum products has an irrigation ring 17 and an embankment 18. Pipe nozzle 3 is connected by pipe 19 about cavities formed by double stacks of tanks, pipe 4 is connected by pipes 2О with perforated collectors and with cavities above liquids for its pressurization. The tanks with liquids are connected by pipelines 21 with foaming agents. The control and starting device is connected to the turbojet installation, temperature sensors, fire detectors and automatic valves. In particular, they have pressure relief valves 22 .. The system has three modes of operation: fire extinguishing, standby, heating. When extinguishing a fire on a signal from the alert 9 through the control and starting device 5, the turbo-jet is set to installation 1. After starting the turbo-jet installation, all electric networks of the fire extinguishing system are powered from the generator 2 installed on it. The control device gives a command to open the valves 10 installed in the pipelines 20 for supplying high pressure gases to the pressurized tanks 6 and 7 and to open the valves in line 21; FOR the supply of water and frothers to the foam generators 8 and the irrigation ring 17. In standby mode, the fire detection system and temperature control sensors 15 in capacitances 6 and 7 operate. The fire extinguishing system is powered from a backup source of electrical energy, such as batteries. At the same time, its costs are minimal. When the temperature of the frother and water falls below the permissible value, the system works in the heating mode. At the same time, at the command of the temperature sensor 15, the turbojet unit 1 is automatically started via the control device 5. Due to the electric power generated by the generator 2, the valves 10 are opened in the pipe lines 2O and high pressure air (H T and Rn 5-10 kg / cm) enters through the perforated collectors 13 and 14, which are located in the lower part of the containers 6 and 7. Barbotiru through a layer of water, the air heats the water. Here, the overpressure of the air is discharged through the relief valves 22, communicating the upper cavity with the atmosphere. At the same time, the exhaust gases along, the lines of pipelines 19 occur in the cavity between the walls of the tanks and heat the water and the foaming agent by means of thermal conductivity. As soon as the I.X. temperature reaches the required value, the installation of the temperature sensors through the control-starting device is automatically injected into the turbojet and the system switches to standby mode. In the event of a fire when the system is operating in heating mode, the system is automatically switched to fire extinguishing mode. . Modern gas turbine plants allow air to be drawn due to a 5- pressure compressor. . -1O kg / cm and consumption of 1-Yu kg / cm. That is, when the water tank is pressurized with air with such parameters, it is possible to obtain high water flow rates from 1000 l / s 2 to 10 OO l / s at a pressure of 5-10 kg / cm. The high intensity of the water supply eliminates the fire at the earliest stage of its development with the least damage being the least cost of the extinguishing agents on the carcass of the fire. To ensure such high seconds, Hbix water consumption at such pressures, the mass of the pump electric motors and, consequently, the power of the energy sources backed up in case of fire will be several thousand kilowatts. The proposed fire extinguishing system with a gas turbine unit has smaller dimensions and weight than conventional systems fire extinguishing systems, which include a power station and a pump station. The weight of gas turbine plants for the above parameters is 300-1000k and the maximum overall size does not exceed 2-3 meters. The fire extinguishing system has a much smaller length of electrical and plumbing communications, takes less than one kilometer, and therefore is less vulnerable in emergency conditions. .x It possesses complete autonomy, does not depend on extraneous energy sources, which is especially important for areas of the country remote from industrial centers. Sis. The topic automatically ensures reliable operation in the range of ambient temperatures from +60 ° C to. Claim 1. An automatic fire extinguishing system for reservoir storage parks for petroleum products containing foam generators, connected by pipelines to water tanks and frothers, a control trigger device to which fire detectors and automatic valves are connected, which is controlled by a liquid supply, differs from the fact that, in order to improve reliability and efficiency of operation, it has a turbojet unit with a com pressor and a generator, pipes for exhaust gases from the turbojet installation with a compressor and a generator, exhaust pipes for exhaust gases from the turbojet and high pressure gases from the compressor and temperature sensors for liquids, and tanks for water and a frother are provided with additional walls that form closed cavities and perforated manifolds placed in tanks, the exhaust gas extraction pipe from the turbojet installation is connected by a pipeline to cavities between the walls of the tanks, and the high pressure gas extraction pipe from the compressor is with collectors, wherein the temperature sensors of the liquids are electrically connected with the control-starting device, which is connected to the turbojet,

2. The automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has counters of the number of starts and operating hours, connected to the control and starting device.

3. The automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, in connection with the fact that the automatic valves are connected to the generator of the turbo-trash installation. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1, Ivanov E. K, Fire protection of open process plants, 1., Chem; 1975, p. 166. to 19

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