SU740906A1

SU740906A1 - Dragline excavator bucket

Info

Publication number: SU740906A1
Application number: SU782667386A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Борис Алексеевич Новиков; Алексей Антонович Мацкало; Макс Давидович Гилула; Илья Владимирович Петров
Original assignee: Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Инженерно-Строительный Институт Им.В.В.Куйбышева
Priority date: 1978-07-06
Filing date: 1978-07-06
Publication date: 1980-06-15

Description

Изобретение относится к землеройным машинам, в частности к ковшам экскаваторов, применяемых при разработке влажных и липких грунтов.The invention relates to earthmoving machines, in particular to excavator buckets used in the development of wet and sticky soils.

Известен ковш экскаватора с прикрепленным шарнирно к верхней часта его зад-⁵ней стенки секционным листом [1^.A bucket of an excavator is known with a sectional sheet pivotally attached to the upper part of its rear ⁵ rear wall [1 ^.

При такой конструкции отклоняющийся от задней стенки под действием собственного веса секционный лист очищает лишь часть боковых стенок ковша и часть его днища, расположенных в радиусе действия этого -листа. Однако значительная- часть поверхности ковша, находящаяся вне радиуса действия указанного листа, остается _|5неочищенной. Кроме того, исключена воз— можность плотного прилегания очистного листа к боковым стенкам ковша при различном угле поворота этого листа относительно задней стенки, так как поперечный _Μпрофиль ковша сужается книзу и очистной лист при своем повороте неизбежно образует зазоры между ним и боковыми стенками ковша, величина которых увеличива2 ется с увеличением угла поворота очистного листа. При набивании липкого грунта под очистной лист он перестает функционирсгать, так как прилипает (примерзает) к ковшу и его веса не хватает для отрыва от ковша.With this design, the sectional sheet deviating from the back wall under the influence of its own weight cleans only part of the side walls of the bucket and part of its bottom located within the radius of this sheet. However, a significant part of the surface of the bucket, which is outside the radius of the specified sheet, remains _{| 5} uncleaned. In addition, the possibility of a snug fit of the cleaning sheet to the side walls of the bucket at different angles of rotation of this sheet relative to the rear wall is excluded, since the transverse _Μ profile of the bucket tapers down and the cleaning sheet inevitably forms gaps between it and the side walls of the bucket, the value which increases with increasing angle of rotation of the cleaning sheet. When filling sticky soil under the cleaning sheet, it ceases to function, as it sticks (freezes) to the bucket and its weight is not enough to separate it from the bucket.

Наиболее близким техническим решением к описываемому изобретению является ковш экскаватора-драглайна, содержащий боковые и заднюю стенки, днише с режущей частью, подъемные цепи, разгрузочный канат и подвижный очистной лист, связанный гибкой тягой с подъемными цепями [2^При повороте ковша на разгрузку секции очистного листа под действием собственного веса, а также принудительно под действием гибкого элемента лист находится в движении относительно внутренних поверхностей ковша, очищая лишь ту гос часть, которая находится в эоне действия очистного листа.The closest technical solution to the described invention is a dragline excavator bucket containing side and rear walls, a bottom with a cutting part, hoisting chains, an unloading rope and a movable cleaning sheet connected by a flexible link to the lifting chains [2 ^ When turning the bucket to unload the treatment section the sheet under the action of its own weight, as well as forcibly under the action of a flexible element, the sheet is in motion relative to the inner surfaces of the bucket, cleaning only the state part that is in the action a cleaning sheet.

Недостаток известного ковша — образование щелей и набивание через них грун— . 740906 4 та за очистной лист. При этом боковые пальца 31 крепится задний гибкий элемент кромки очистного листа быстро изнашиваются и резко снижают эффективность очистки.A disadvantage of the known bucket is the formation of cracks and filling soil through them. 740906 4 for the cleaning sheet. In this case, the lateral fingers 31 are attached to the rear flexible element of the edge of the cleaning sheet quickly wear out and dramatically reduce the cleaning efficiency.

Целью изобретения является повышение $ качества очистки ковша за счет создания возможности возвратно-поступательного движения очистного листа вдоль ковша.The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning the bucket by creating the possibility of reciprocating movement of the cleaning sheet along the bucket.

Цель достигается тем, что ковш снабжен блоками, закрепленными с противопо- до ложных сторон очистного листа, последний посредством продольных направляющих связан с боковыми стенками, а гибкая тяга, выполнена из двух ветвей, каждая из которых связана соответственно с внешней ₁₅и внутренней сторонами очистного листа и через блоки — с подъемными цепями.The goal is achieved by the fact that the bucket is equipped with blocks mounted on the opposite sides of the cleaning sheet, the latter is connected to the side walls by means of longitudinal guides, and the flexible rod is made of two branches, each of which is connected to the external ₁₅ and inner sides of the cleaning sheet, respectively and through blocks with lifting chains.

На фиг. 1 изображен предлагаемый ковш экскаватора- драглайна с продольным ступенчатым разрезом; на фиг. 2 - 20 то же, вид сверху; на фиг. 3 - узел верхней опоры очистного листа на боковые стенки ковша (разрез А—А на фиг. 2); на фиг. 4 — узел крепления гибкого элемента к очистному листу сзади (вид по стрелке 25 Б на фиг. 2).In FIG. 1 shows the proposed bucket of the dragline excavator with a longitudinal stepwise section; in FIG. 2 - 20 the same, top view; in FIG. 3 - node of the upper support of the cleaning sheet on the side walls of the bucket (section A — A in Fig. 2); in FIG. 4 - the attachment point of the flexible element to the cleaning sheet at the back (view along arrow 25 B in Fig. 2).

Ковш имеет днище 1 с режущей чаотью 2 и зубьями 3, арку 4 с приваренными к ней кронштейном 5, растяжкой 6, осью 7 и блоком 8, боковые стенки 9, к зо каждой из которых сверху приварены брус-·» ки 1О, заднюю стенку 11 с прямоугольным (овальным) вертикальным отверстгьем 12, а также с приваренным с обратной ее стороны кронштейном 13, осью 14 35 и блоком 15.The bucket has a bottom 1 with a cutting blade 2 and teeth 3, an arch 4 with a bracket 5 welded to it, a brace 6, an axis 7 and a block 8, side walls 9, to each of which a beam is welded from above on top 1 О ·, rear wall 11 with a rectangular (oval) vertical hole 12, as well as with a bracket 13 welded on its reverse side, an axis 14 35, and a block 15.

Очистной лист 16 своей нижней частью опирается на днище 1 ковша, а в верхней его части по бекам со стороны задней ' стенки 11 к нему приварены два круглых шипа 17 с плоскими хвостовыми частями 18. На эти шипы надеты катки 19, с помощью которых очистной лист 16 верхней своей частью опирается на боковые стенки 9 ковша. К брускам 10 сверху при-₄₅креплены болтами 20 (или приваркой) планки 21.The cleaning sheet 16 rests with its lower part on the bottom of the bucket 1, and in the upper part along the beks from the side of the rear wall 11, two round spikes 17 with flat tail parts are welded to it 18. Rollers 19 are put on these spikes, with the help of which the cleaning sheet 16 its upper part rests on the side walls 9 of the bucket. To the bars 10 from above, at- _{45 are} fastened with bolts 20 (or welding) of the strap 21.

Спереди к очистному листу 16 ниж^ геометрической оси шипов 17 по бокам крепятся с помощью звеньев 22 сваркой цепи 23, осоединенные другими концами с кольцом 24 и далее с помощью элемента 25 с передним канатом 26, который огибает блок 8 на арке 4 и с помощью элементов 27 и 28 прикреплен к подъемному канату 29 (или подъемным цепям).In front of the cleaning sheet 16, the lower geometrical axis of the studs 17 are fastened on the sides by means of links 22 by welding chains 23 connected by other ends to ring 24 and further by means of element 25 with front rope 26, which surrounds block 8 on arch 4 and using elements 27 and 28 attached to the hoisting rope 29 (or hoisting chains).

Сзади к очистному листу 16 с помощью приваренного к нему кронштейна 30 иBehind the treatment sheet 16 using a bracket 30 welded to it and

32, например канат, который свободно проходит в отверстие 12 задней стенки 11 ковша, огибает блок 15 на ее обратной стороне и с помощью элементов 28 и 33 крепится к подъемному канату 29 (или подъемным цепям). К арке 4 прикреплен разгрузочный канат 34, огибающий блок 35. Элемент 28 цепями 36 связан с боковыми стенками 9.,32, for example, a rope that passes freely into the hole 12 of the rear wall 11 of the bucket, bends around the block 15 on its back side and is attached to the hoisting rope 29 (or hoisting chains) using elements 28 and 33. An unloading cable 34, an envelope block 35 is attached to the arch 4. The element 28 is connected by chains 36 to the side walls 9.,

Принудительная разгрузка ковша осуществляется очистным листом 16, возвратно-поступательное перемещение которого вдоль ковша осуществляется следующим образом.Forced unloading of the bucket is carried out by a cleaning sheet 16, the reciprocating movement of which along the bucket is as follows.

В горизонтальном положении ковша, изображенном на фиг. 1, разгрузочный канат 34, огибающий блок 35, натянут. При этом передний канат 26 ослаблен, а задний канат 32 натянут нажимающим на него блоком 15, в результате чего очистной лист 16 оказывается перемещенным задним канатом 32 в одной из крайних положений — к задней стенке 11 ковша.In the horizontal position of the bucket shown in FIG. 1, the unloading rope 34, the envelope block 35, is tensioned. In this case, the front rope 26 is weakened, and the rear rope 32 is tensioned by the pressing unit 15, as a result of which the cleaning sheet 16 is moved by the rear rope 32 in one of the extreme positions - to the rear wall 11 of the bucket.

При ослаблении разгрузочного каната 34 и повороте ковша относительно цепей 36 на разгрузку блок 8 натягивает передний канат 26, а задний канат 32 при этом ослабляется, в результате чего очистной лист 16 перемещается вдоль ковша на разгрузку, выталкивая .грунт и очищая от него днище 1 и боковые стенки 9. В начале разгрузки очистной лист 16 перемещается параллельно сам сил у себе, так как наличие большого сопротивления со стороны грунта препятствует его повороту. По мере разгрузки ковша и уменьшения этого сопротивления очистной лист 16 поворачивается на катках 19, дополнительно выталкивая грунт и дополнительно очищаясь при этом сам, как элемент, находящийся в движении.When the unloading rope 34 is loosened and the bucket rotates relative to the chains 36 for unloading, the unit 8 pulls the front rope 26, and the rear rope 32 loosens, as a result of which the cleaning sheet 16 moves along the bucket for unloading, pushing out the soil and cleaning the bottom 1 and side walls 9. At the beginning of unloading, the cleaning sheet 16 moves parallel to itself forces, since the presence of a large resistance from the soil prevents its rotation. As the bucket is unloaded and this resistance decreases, the cleaning sheet 16 rotates on the rollers 19, additionally pushing out the soil and further cleaning itself as an element in motion.

Очистка боковых стенок ковша и его днища, а также устранение возможности набивания грунта под очистной лист и, следовательно, выключения его из работы увеличивают наполнеци^ ковша, что позволяет повысить производительность экскаватора.Cleaning the side walls of the bucket and its bottom, as well as eliminating the possibility of filling the soil under the cleaning sheet and, therefore, turning it off from work, increase the bucket capacity, which improves the performance of the excavator.

Claims

The invention relates to earthmoving machines, in particular excavator buckets used in the development of wet and sticky soils. The excavator bucket is known with a hinged pin attached to the upper part of the wall behind it with a sectional sheet l. With this design, the section sheet deviating from the rear wall under the action of its own weight cleans only part of the side walls of the bucket and part of its bottom located within the radius of action of this sheet. However, a significant part of the surface of the bucket, which is located outside of the action of this sheet, remains uncleaned. In addition, the possibility of a close fit of the cleaning sheet to the side walls of the bucket at different angles of rotation of the sheet relative to the rear wall is excluded, since the bucket profile tapers down and the cleaning sheet inevitably forms gaps between it and the side stacks of the bucket, the size of which increases with increasing angle of rotation of the cleaning sheet. When stuffing a sticky primer under the cleaning sheet, it ceases to function because it sticks (like) to the bucket and its weight is not enough for O-Break from the bucket. The closest technical solution to the inventive invention is an a-a-line excavator bucket, containing a box and a sash, a bottom with a cutting part, lifting chains, a discharge cable and a movable cleaning sheet connected with a flexible link with lifting chains 23. When turning the bucket for unloading the septum of the cleaning sheet under the action of the weight of the weight, and also forcibly under the action of the flexible element, the sheet finds with 6 movements relative to the inner surfaces of the bucket, clearing only that part that is in the area of the cleaning sheet. A disadvantage of the known bucket is the formation of shells and the filling of the soil through them behind a cleaning sheet. In this case, the side edges of the cleaning sheet wear out quickly and drastically reduce the cleaning efficiency. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning of the bucket by creating the possibility of reciprocating movement of the cleaning sheet along the bucket. The goal is achieved by the fact that the bucket is equipped with blocks fixed from the opposite sides of the cleaning sheet, afterwards through longitudinal guides connected to the bulge walls, and the flexible bend is made of two branches, each of which is connected respectively to the outer and inner sides of the clearing sheet and through blocks with lifting chains. FIG. 1 shows the proposed excavator-dragline bucket with a longitudinal stepped section; in fig. 2 the same, top view; in fig. 3 - the node of the upper support of the cleaning sheet on the side walls of the bucket (section A-A in FIG. 2); in fig. 4 shows the attachment of a flexible element to the back sheet (view along arrow B in FIG. 2). The ladle has a crib 1 with a cutting part 2 and teeth 3, an arch 4 with welded. bracket 5, extension 6, axis 7 and block 8, side walls 9, bars 1O are welded to each of them and the rear wall 11 with a rectangular (oval) vertical hole 12, as well as with welded - its side with the bracket 13, the axle 14 and the block 15. The cleaning sheet 16 with its lower part (removed on the bottom 1 of the bucket, and in its upper part along the rear wall 11, two round spikes 17 with flat tails are welded to it 18. These rollers are wearing rollers 19, with the help of which a cleaning sheet 16 is vertically attached to it (its width is and the side walls of the bucket 9. To the bars 10 from above, they are fastened with bolts 20 (or tied) of the molding 21. Front of the cleaning sheet 16, the lower geometric axis of the studs 17 is attached to the sides of the welding circuit 23, which are connected to the other ends ring 24 and further with ps of the base element 25 with a front cable 26, which goes around block 8 on the arch 4 and, using elements 27 and 28, is attached to the lifting rope 29 (or the lifting chain), back to the cleaning sheet 16c, welded to it the bracket 30 and the finger 31 fasten the rear flexible element 32, for example a rope, which Bodnya extends into the opening 12 of the rear wall 11 of the bucket unit 15 encloses on its side and obratinoy via elements 28 and 33 secured to the hoisting rope 29 (or lifting chains). An unloading cable 34, an envelope of the block 35, is attached to the arch 4. The element 28 is connected to the side walls and the walls and B. The forced unloading of the bucket is carried out by a cleaning sheet 16, the return and translational movement of which is along the bucket as follows. In the horizontal position of the bucket, shown in FIG. 1, the discharge cable 34, the envelope block 35, is taut. At the same time, the front cable 26 is weakened, and the rope 32 pulls on the pushing 15 on it, as a result of which the cleaning sheet 16 is moved by the rear cable 32 in one of its extreme positions - to the rear wall 11 of the bucket. When the unloading cable 34 is loosened and the bucket is rotated relative to the chains 36 to unload, the block 8 pulls the front cable 26, and the rear cable 32 weakens, causing the cleaning sheet 16 to move along the bucket to unload, pushing out the bottom and clearing it from the bottom 1 and side walls 9. At the beginning of the unloading, the cleaning sheet 16 is moved parallel to itself, since the presence of a large resistance from the side of the stack prevents it from turning. As the bucket and 5 less of this resistance are unloaded, the cleaning sheet 16 rotates on the ka-ps 19, additionally pushing out the soil and additionally clearing itself, as an element in motion. Cleaning the side walls of the bucket and its bottoms, as well as eliminating the possibility of stuffing the soil under the cleaning sheet and, therefore, increasing its capacity increases the capacity of the bucket, which will improve the performance of the excavator. Claims of the invention A dragline excavator bucket including side and rear walls, a bottom with a cutting edge, lifting chains, a discharge cable and a movable cleaning sheet associated with a flexible pull with lifting points &

574О9О66

in order to improve the quality of cleaning the information sources,

sha, it is equipped with blocks, fixed in attention during the examination from the opposite cleansing ingot, the latter by means of longitudinal ones -1. USSR author's certificate

Teavl Yushih related to the side walls, s 235648, cl. Е 02 F 3/48,

The flexible ha is made of two branches, 19.O9.66, each of which is associated respectively with the external and internal sides2. USSR author's certificate

clean sheets) and through blocks - with lift-No. 61198О, class E 02 F 3 / 6O,

nymi chains m.to23.Ob.76.

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