SU739681A1

SU739681A1 - Device for automatically reinserting users

Info

Publication number: SU739681A1
Application number: SU782565368A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Ильич Турченков; Рудольф Абрамович Астапов; Николай Павлович Савинов; Дмитрий Александрович Левушкин
Original assignee: За витель п 739681 „-.,:,..-г,- ... ... .| -Ac j jis i :r3Tsi - iii illwrtw«i.r 8в л
Priority date: 1978-01-03
Filing date: 1978-01-03
Publication date: 1980-06-05

Description

Изобретение относится к энергетике и предназначено для автоматического повторного включения потребителя при кратковременном исчезновении или глубокой посадке напряжения Сети с целью предотвращения отключения от напряжения се- $ ти ответственных токоприемников.The invention relates to power engineering and is intended for automatic consumer reconnection in the event of a short-term disappearance or deep-seated voltage of the Network in order to prevent disconnection of critical current collectors from the voltage.

Известно устройство, содержащее кнопку Пуск и кнопку Стоп, включенные последовательно с катушкой* силового pen^_)Qпоследовательно включенные резистор и времязадающий конденсатор, параллельно которому включен стабилитрон и обмотка удерживающего реле, замыкающий контакт которого шунтирует элемент пуска, а ₁₅между обмоткой удерживающего реле и времяэадающим конденсатором дополнительно включен размыкающий блок-контакт силового реле, параллельно которому подключен удерживающий конденсатор, тирис- _мтор с ограничительным резистрром, подключенный параллельно стабилитрону и транзистор, база которого соединена с базовым резистором, опорный стабилитрон, конденсатор обратной связи, второй ограничительный резистор, диод и импульсный трансформатор с двумя первичными обмотками й одной выходной обмоткой, причем выходная обмотка соединена с катодом и управляющим электродом тиристо·. ра, одна из первичных обмоток соединена через базо-коллекторный переход транзистора с выводами опорного стабилитрона, а другая обмотка через базо-эмиттерный переход и второй ограничительный резистор соединена с выводами базового резистора, а конденсатор обратной связи подключен между анодом опорного стаби литрона и местом соединения первичной обмотки импульсного трансформатора со вторым ограничительным резистором£1).A device is known comprising a Start button and a Stop button, connected in series with the coil * of the power pen ^ _{) Q} series-connected resistor and a timing capacitor, in parallel with which a zener diode and a coil of the holding relay are connected, the closing contact of which shunts the start element, and ₁₅ between the winding of the holding relay and vremyaeadayuschim capacitor further incorporated normally closed auxiliary contact of the power switch, which is connected parallel to the holding capacitor tiris- _m Torr with excess rezistrrom, conn parallel to the zener diode and a transistor, the base of which is connected to the base resistor, a reference zener diode, a feedback capacitor, a second limiting resistor, a diode and a pulse transformer with two primary windings and one output winding, and the output winding is connected to the cathode and a thyristor control electrode. RA, one of the primary windings is connected through the base-collector junction of the transistor to the terminals of the reference zener diode, and the other winding through the base-emitter junction and the second limiting resistor is connected to the terminals of the base resistor, and a feedback capacitor is connected between the anode of the reference stabilizer of the lithron and the junction of the primary pulse transformer windings with a second limiting resistor (£ 1).

Однако, известное устройство имеет тот недостаток, что его применение требует дополнительного размыкающего кон такта в пусковой аппаратуре. При отсутствии дополнительного контакта в си ловом реле устройство не может быть использовано.However, the known device has the disadvantage that its use requires an additional trip contact in the starting equipment. If there is no additional contact in the power relay, the device cannot be used.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому результату к предложенному является устройство автоматического повторного включения потребителя, содержащее кнопку Стоп с нормаль-5 но открытым контактом и элемент разряда времязадающего конденсатора, например, нормально закрытый контакт, катушку пускателя, включенную последовательно с 'нормально открытым' контактом кнопки Пуск и нормально закрытым контактом кнопки Стоп и параллельно - с цепью выпрямитель, резистор, времязадатощий конденсатор, стабилитрон, диод, промежуточное реле, нормально открытый контакт которого шунтирует кнопку Пуск, тиристор, включенный последовательно с обмоткой промежуточного реле, и два конденсатора И, 'The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a device for automatically reconnecting the consumer, containing a Stop button with a normal-5 but open contact and a discharge element of the timing capacitor, for example, a normally closed contact, a starter coil connected in series with a 'normally open' contact the Start button and the normally closed contact of the Stop button and in parallel with the circuit, the rectifier, resistor, time-consuming capacitor, zener diode, diode, intermediate circuit barely, a normally open contact of which bypasses the Start button, a thyristor connected in series with the intermediate relay winding, and two capacitors AND, '

Однако, известному устройству присущи малая надежность в работе, использование в схеме элементов с повышенными требованиями к их исполнению..However, the known device is characterized by low reliability, the use of elements with high requirements for their performance in the circuit ..

Малая надежность известного устройства объясняется тем, что в промежуточном реле используются дополнительные контакты для разряда времязадающего конденсатора, причём в момент включения промежуточного реле ток разряда конденсатора на конденсатор в момент замыкания контакта может вызвать спекание контакта из-за чрезмерно больших токов разряда. Кроме того, тиристор и конденсаторы находятся постоянно под напряжением сети с амплитудным значением более 400 Вив момент включения через тиристор протекают чрезмерно большие токи разряда конденсатора. Динистор при работе в качестве порогового элемента имеет большой разброс по току и напряжению включения, что вызывает необходимость его отбраковки при использовании в схеме. Надежность известного устройства снижается также йз-за того,. что диод находится под большим напряжением, примерно равным удвоенному амплитудному значению напряжения сети (около 800 В). Конденсаторы и тиристор должны быть рассчитаны на напряжение, равное амплитудному значению сети, т. е. более 400 В. Необходим тактакже индивидуальный подбор динистора по напряжению и току включения. В схеме необходимо применение более сложного в конструктивном отношении реле из-за использования дополнительного контакта.The low reliability of the known device is explained by the fact that in the intermediate relay additional contacts are used to discharge the time-setting capacitor, and at the moment of switching on the intermediate relay, the discharge current of the capacitor to the capacitor at the moment of contact closure can cause sintering of the contact due to excessively high discharge currents. In addition, the thyristor and capacitors are constantly energized with an amplitude value of more than 400 V; when turned on, excessively large capacitor discharge currents flow through the thyristor. When operating as a threshold element, the dinistor has a large spread in current and switching voltage, which necessitates its rejection when used in the circuit. The reliability of the known device is also reduced due to the fact. that the diode is under high voltage, approximately equal to twice the amplitude value of the mains voltage (about 800 V). Capacitors and thyristor must be designed for a voltage equal to the amplitude value of the network, that is, more than 400 V. An individual selection of the dynistor according to the voltage and current of switching is also required. In the circuit, it is necessary to use a more structurally complex relay due to the use of an additional contact.

Цель изобретения - повышение надежности путем увеличения стабильности задержки.The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability by increasing the stability of the delay.

χ· ·χ

Указанная цель достигается тем,что в устройство автоматического повторного включения потребителя, содержащее пускатель, катушка которого включена последовательно с размыкающим контактом кнопки Стоп и замыкающим кон- . тактом кнопки Пуск,выпрямитель, первый резистор,времязадающий конденсатор, первый стабилитрон, первый даоди промежуточ10 ное реле, замыкающий контакт которого шунтирует кнопку Пуск, тиристор, включенный последовательно с, обмоткой промежуточного реле, первый и второй конденсаторы и элемент разряда времязадающего кон' денсатора, например,размыкающий контакт кнопки Стоп, введены трехобмоточный импульсный трансформатор, транзистор, два резистора, второй, стабилитрон с последовательно включенным вторым диодом и ' третийжонденсатор, причем выходная обмотка импульсного трансформатора подключена к цепи управления тиристора, первый вывод одной входной обмотки импульсного трансформатора подключен к точке ¹ соединения кнопки Стоп.с катушкой пускателя и первым выводом элемента разряда, второй вывод этой обмотки соединен с коллектором транзистора, первый вывод второй входной обмотки им¹ пульсного трансформатора соединен с эмиттером транзистора, а второй вывод этой обмотки подключен к точке соединения первого и второго стабилитронов и. через первый конденсатор соединен с » первым выводом элемента разряда времязадающего конденсатора, второй вывод элемента разряда времязадающего конденсатора соединен с базой транзистора, с анодом второго диода и через первый ¹ диод - с точкой соединения первого резистора и выпрямителя, и через параллельно .включенные второй конденсатор и второй резистор - с первым выводом элемента разряда, через времязадающий кон' денсатор - к точке соединения промежуточного реле с выпрямителем,- а параллельно тиристору включены соединенные последовательно третий резистор и третий конденсатор.This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for automatically reconnecting the consumer, containing a starter, the coil of which is connected in series with the opening contact of the Stop button and the closing con. with the start button stroke, the rectifier, the first resistor, the timing capacitor, the first zener diode, the first diode, the intermediate relay, the make contact of which bridges the Start button, the thyristor connected in series with the intermediate relay winding, the first and second capacitors and the discharge element of the timing capacitor, for example, the opening contact of the Stop button, a three-winding pulse transformer, a transistor, two resistors, a second, a zener diode with a second diode in series and a third capacitor, are introduced output winding of the pulse transformer is connected to a thyristor control circuit, the first input terminal of one winding of the pulse transformer is connected to the point ¹ Stop.s button starter compounds coil and the first terminal of the discharge element, a second terminal of this winding is connected to the collector of the transistor, a first terminal of the second input winding them ¹ pulse transformer is connected to the emitter of the transistor, and the second output of this winding is connected to the connection point of the first and second zener diodes and. through the first capacitor connected to the "first output of the discharge element of the timing capacitor, the second output of the discharge element of the timing capacitor is connected to the base of the transistor, to the anode of the second diode and through the first ¹ diode to the connection point of the first resistor and rectifier, and through the second capacitor connected in parallel and the second resistor - with the first output of the discharge element, through the time-setting capacitor - to the connection point of the intermediate relay with the rectifier, - and connected in parallel to the thyristor no third resistor and a third capacitor.

⁵⁰ На чертеже приведена электрическая ' схема устройства. ' ⁵⁰ The drawing shows an electrical 'diagram of the device. ''

Схема содержит кнопку 1 Стоп; катушку пускателя 2; элемент 3 разряда . времязадающего конденсатора, например, замыкающий контакт кнопки Стоп, кнопн ку 4 Пуск·, выпрямитель 5; первый резистор 6; времязадающий конденсатор 7*, второй стабилитрон 8 первый диод 9;The circuit contains a button 1 Stop; starter coil 2; element 3 category. time-setting capacitor, for example, make contact of the Stop button, button 4 Start ·, rectifier 5; first resistor 6; a timing capacitor 7 *, a second zener diode 8, a first diode 9;

739681 6 промежуточное реле 10; замыкающий контакт 11 промежуточного реле; тиристор 12; первый конденсатор 13; второй , конденсатор 14; импульсный трансформатор 15; транзистор 16; второй резне- 5 тор 17; третий резистор 18·; второй стабилитрон 19; второй диод 20; третий конденсатор 21; выходная обмотка 22 импульсного трансформатора; первая : входная обмотка 23 импульсного трансформатора; вторая входная обмотка 24 ' импульсного трансформатора; замыкающий контакт 23 пускателя; источник 26 питающего напряжения сети.739681 6 intermediate relay 10; make contact 11 of the intermediate relay; thyristor 12; the first capacitor 13; the second, capacitor 14; pulse transformer 15; transistor 16; second slave 5 torr 17; the third resistor 18 ·; second zener diode 19; second diode 20; third capacitor 21; output winding 22 of a pulse transformer; first: input winding 23 of a pulse transformer; second input winding 24 'of the pulse transformer; make contact 23 of the starter; power supply source 26.

Работа.-устройства заключается в следующем.Work.-Device is as follows.

При наличии напряжения питания от источника 26 в момент замыкания кнопки 4 пуска через катушку пускателя 2 протекает ток. При этом пускатель 2 срабатывает и своим блок-контактом 25 шунтирует кнопку 4 пуска. Напряжением с катушки пускателя 2 через выпрямитель 5 и резистор 6 происходит заряд времязадающего конденсатора 7 до напряжения стабилизации, определяемого последовательно включенными стабилитронами 8 и 19. Одновременно этим напряжением через диод 9 осуществляется заряд конденсатора 14 и через диод 20 и стабилитрон 19 заряд конденсатора 13.If there is a supply voltage from the source 26 at the time of closure of the start button 4, current flows through the coil of the starter 2. In this case, the starter 2 is activated and by its block contact 25 shunts the start button 4. The voltage from the starter coil 2 through the rectifier 5 and the resistor 6 is the charge of the time-setting capacitor 7 to the stabilization voltage determined by the zener diodes 8 and 19 connected in series. At the same time, the capacitor 14 is charged through the diode 9 and the capacitor 13 is charged through the diode 20 and the zener diode 19.

После завершения переходных процессов конденсаторы 7, 21 и 14 заряжены примерно до суммарного напряжения пробоя стабилитронов 19 и 8, а конденсатор 13 заряжен до напряжения пробоя стабилитрона 8. Постоянная времени разряда конденсатора 14 до напряжения пробоя стабилитрона 8 выбирается, примерно равной периоду переменного напряжения источника 26 сети. Поэтому в отрицательную полуволну напряжения питания источника 26 напряжения на. конден.саторе 14 не успевает достичь напряжения пробоя стабилитрона 8 и состояние схемы будет неизменным. При исчезновении напряжения питания или его значительном снижении конденсатор 14 разряжается через резистор 17. В момент когда напряжение на конденсаторе 14 станет меньше по величине, чем напряжение на конденсаторе 13, через обмотку 24 импульсного трансформатора 15 и базо-эмиттерный переход транзистора 16 ’ потечет ток разряда конденсатора 13, вызывающий блокинг-процесс. На выходной обмотке 22 импульсного трансформатора 15 формируется импульс на вклю чение тиристора 12. При включении тири тора 12 исполнительное реле 10 оказывается под напряжением обкладок конденсатора 7, вследствие чего реле срабатывает и своим выходным контактом 11 шунтирует кнопку пуска на время, определяемое ёмкостью времязадающего конденсатора 7. Если в течение этого времени произойдет восстановление напряжения питания от источника 26, то через замкнутый контакт 11 включится пуска ·=· тель 2. Если восстановление напряжения питания произойдет по истечению заданного времени, определяемого временем ’ замкнутого состояния контакта 11, то пускатель 2 не включится.After the transients are completed, the capacitors 7, 21 and 14 are charged to approximately the total breakdown voltage of the Zener diodes 19 and 8, and the capacitor 13 is charged to the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode 8. The discharge time constant of the capacitor 14 to the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode 8 is selected approximately equal to the period of the alternating voltage of the source 26 network. Therefore, in the negative half-wave of the supply voltage of the voltage source 26 on. condenser.satore 14 does not have time to reach the breakdown voltage of the zener diode 8 and the state of the circuit will be unchanged. If the supply voltage disappears or decreases significantly, the capacitor 14 is discharged through the resistor 17. At the time when the voltage on the capacitor 14 becomes less than the voltage on the capacitor 13, the discharge current will flow through the winding 24 of the pulse transformer 15 and the base-emitter junction of the transistor 16 ' a capacitor 13 causing a blocking process. At the output winding 22 of the pulse transformer 15, a pulse is generated to turn on the thyristor 12. When the thyristor 12 is turned on, the executive relay 10 is energized by the capacitor plates 7, as a result of which the relay is activated and by its output contact 11 shunts the start button for a time determined by the capacity of the timing capacitor 7 . If during this time there will be a restoration of the supply voltage from the source 26, then through the closed contact 11 starts start · = · tel 2. If the restoration of the supply voltage occurs t after the set time determined by the time 'of the closed contact state 11, then the actuator 2 will not be turned on.

Резистор 18 и конденсатор 21 предназначены для надежного удержания тиристора 12 во включенном состоянии в первый момент времени его включения.The resistor 18 and capacitor 21 are designed to reliably hold the thyristor 12 in the on state at the first instant of its inclusion.

Claims

(54) AUTOMATIC REPEATED CONSUMER SHUTTER DEVICE The invention relates to power engineering and is intended to automatically switch on a consumer in the event of a short-term disappearance or deep-fitting of a network voltage in order to prevent a network of responsible current collectors from disconnecting from the network voltage. A device is known that contains a start button and a stop button connected in series with a power reel in series with a resistor and a time setting capacitor, in parallel with which the zener diode and a holding relay winding, the closing contact of which bypasses the start element, and the setting capacitor winding additionally included disconnecting block contact power turnips, which is connected in parallel with a holding capacitor, a thyristor with a limiting resistor, connect ny parallel zener diode and a transistor having a base connected to the base resistor, the reference zener diode. a feedback capacitor, a second limiting resistor, a diode and a pulse transformer with daum primary windings and one output winding, as well as the output winding is connected to the cathode and the control electrode of the thyristor, one of the primary windings is connected through the base-collector junction of the transistor to the transistor the reference Zener diode and the & the winding through the base-emitter junction and the second limiting resistor is connected to the terminals of the basic resistor, and the feedback capacitor is connected between the anode of the reference zener diode and the junction of the primary winding of the pulse transformer with the second limiting resistor lj. However, the known device has the disadvantage that its use requires an additional break contact in the starting equipment. If there is no additional contact in the power relay, the device cannot be used. 37 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is an automatic re-wake device; 1 user has a Stop button with a normally open contact and a discharge element, a driving capacitor, for example, a normally closed contact, an actuator coil connected in series with normal by the open button contact of the Start button and the normally closed contact of the Stop button and in parallel with the circuit of the monitor, resistor, time setting capacitor, zener diode, diode, intermediate a relay, a normally open contact of which shunts the Start button, a thyristor connected in series with the winding of an intermediate relay, and two capacitors 2. However, the known device is characterized by low reliability, the use of elements with increased requirements for their execution in the circuit .. Low reliability The known device is explained by the fact that in the intermediate relay the additional contacts are used for discharging the time of the driving capacitor, and at the moment of switching on the intermediate relay the discharge current of the capacitor A capacitor at the time of contact washing may cause the contact to bake due to excessively high discharge currents. In addition, the thyristor and capacitors are constantly under the voltage of the network with an amplitude value of more than 40 o When the thyristor turns on and the excessive discharge currents of the capacitor flow through the thyristor, Shsstor when working as a threshold element has a large variation in current and turn-on voltage, which necessitates its rejection when used in the scheme. The reliability of the known device is also reduced due to the fact that. that the diode is under a large voltage, approximately equal to twice the amplitude value of the mains voltage (about 800 V). Capacitors and thyristor must be designed for a voltage equal to the amplitude value of the network, i.e. more than 400 V. An individual selection of the dynistor for voltage and switching current is also required. In the circuit, it is necessary to use more complex In a constructive way, the relay is due to the use of an additional contact. The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability by increasing the stability of delay 1. This goal is achieved by the fact that the user has an actuator whose coil is connected in series with the opening contact of the Stop button and the closing terminal. Start button stroke, rectifier, first resistor, time setting capacitor, first zener diode, first diode intermediate relay, the closing contact of which shunts the start button, thyristor connected in series with the intermediate winding of the relay, the first and second capacitors and the discharge element time specifying a capacitor, for example, a break contact of the Stop button, a three-winding pulse transformer, a transistor, two resistors, a second, a zener diode with a series-connected second diode, and a third capacitor, the output winding of the pulse transformer tyudklyuche-. on the thyristor control circuit, the first output of one input winding of the pulse transformer is connected to the junction point of the Stop button with the starter coil and the first output of the discharge element, the second output of this winding is connected to the collector of the transistor, the first output of the second input winding of the pulse transformer is connected to the emitter of the transistor , and the second end of this winding is connected to the junction point of the first and second zener diodes and. through the first capacitor is connected to the first output of the time discharge element of the master capacitor, the second output of the discharge element is connected to the base of the transistor, to the anode of the second diode and through the first to the connection point of the first resistor and rectifier, and. through in parallel, the connected second capacitor and the second resistor - with the first output of the discharge element, through time the driving capacitor - to the connection point of the promectual relay with the transmitter, - and connected in parallel to the thyristor It is the third resistor and the third condenser. The drawing shows the electrical circuit of the device. The circuit contains a button I coil starter 2, the element 3 bits. the time of the charging capacitor, for example, the pushing contact of the Stop button, the button 4, the rectifier 5; the first resistor 6, the time setting capacitor 7, the second zener diode 81 the first diode 9 57 intermediate relay 10; closing to cycle 11 of the intermediate relay; thyristor 12; the first capacitor 13; second, capacitor 14; pulse transformer 15; transistor 16; the second resistor 17; the third resistor 18 of the second hundred bilitron 19; second diode 20; the third capacitor 21-, the output winding 22 of the pulse transformer; first: input winding 2.3 pulse transformer second input winding 24 pulse transformer; make contact 25; power supply source 26. The job of the device is as follows. If there is a supply voltage from source 26 at the moment of closing of the start button 4, a current flows through the coil of the actuator 2. In this case, the starter 2 is activated and its block-contact 25 bypasses the start button 4. Voltage from the coil of the actuator 2 through the rectifier 5 and the resistor 6 occurs, charging the time of the driving capacitor 7 to the voltage stabilization, determined by the consequently connected zener diodes 8 and 19. At the same time, the voltage through the diode 9 and through the diode 20 and the zener diode 19 the charge of the capacitor 13 After completion of the transient processes, the capacitors 7, 21 and 14 are charged approximately to the total voltage of the breakdown of the zener diodes 19 and 8, and the capacitor 13 is charged until the voltage of the breakdown of the zener diode 8. Permanent the discharge time of the capacitor 14 to the voltage of the breakdown of the zener diode 8 is chosen approximately equal to the period of the alternating voltage of the source 26 of the network. Therefore, in the negative half-wave voltage of the power supply source 26 - voltage. The condenser 14 does not have time to reach the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode 8 and the state of the circuit will be unchanged. When the supply voltage disappears or its significant decrease, the capacitor 14 is discharged through the resistor 17. At the moment when the voltage on the capacitor 14 becomes lower than the voltage on the capacitor 13, through the winding 24 of the pulse transformer 15 and the base-emitter junction of the transistor 16 a capacitor 13 discharge current will flow, causing a blocking process. On the output winding 22 of the pulse transformer 15, a pulse is formed to turn on- 816 thyristor 12. When the THpv of torus 12 is turned on, the executive relay 10 is under the voltage of the capacitor plates 7, as a result of which the relay triggers the start button for a time The time determined by capacious by capacitor 7. If during this time the supply voltage from source 26 is restored, the starter will turn on through the closed contact 11

2. If the restoration of the supply voltage occurs after a predetermined time, determined by the time of the closed state of contact 11, the starter 2 will not turn on. The resistor 18 and the capacitor 21 are designed to securely hold the thyristor 12 in the on state at the first time it is turned on. Apparatus of the Invention A device for automatically restarting a consumer, comprising an actuator whose coil is connected in series with the opening contact of the Stop button and the closing contact of the Start button, rectifier, first resistor, time setting capacitor, first Zener diode, first diode and intermediate relay whose closing contact shunts the start button, the thyristor connected in series with the winding of the intermediate relay, the first and second capacitors and the element of the discharge time setting the capacitor (a, n An example of the opening contact of the Stop button, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability by increasing the stability of the delay, a three-rampered pulse transformer, a transistor, two resistors, a second zener diode with a series-connected second diode and a retium capacitor are inserted, and the output winding of the pulse transformer is connected It is connected to the thyristor control circuit, the first output of one input winding of the pulse transformer is connected to the connection point of the Stop button with the coil. the starter and the first output element of the discharge, the second output of this winding is connected to the collector of the transistors, the first terminal of the second input winding of the pulse transformer is connected to the emitter