SU739296A1

SU739296A1 - Actuating cylinder

Info

Publication number: SU739296A1
Application number: SU762329670A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Юрий Филиппович Гвоздев
Original assignee: Проектно-Конструкторско-Технологическое Бюро По Вагонам
Priority date: 1976-02-26
Filing date: 1976-02-26
Publication date: 1980-06-05

Description

Изобретение относится к объемному гидравлическому приводу, а именно к конструкциям гидравлических силовых цилиндров.The invention relates to a volumetric hydraulic actuator, and in particular to structures of hydraulic rams.

Известны силовые гидравлические цилиндры, содержащие шток с поршнем и запорные элементы, соединяющие крышки с гильзой на болтах, на наружной или внутренней резьбе, на наружных или внутренних полукольцах, на закладной проволоке [1].Known power hydraulic cylinders containing a rod with a piston and locking elements connecting the lid with the sleeve on the bolts, on the external or internal thread, on the external or internal half rings, on the embedded wire [1].

Однако при соединении на болтах гильза должна иметь по обоим своим концам ю утолщенный поясок в виде фланца, что приводит к увеличению веса и габарита цилинд- ^zра.However, when bolted, the sleeve must have a thickened girdle in both flange-like form at both ends, which leads to an increase in the weight and size of the cylinder ^z ra.

Недостатком соединения крышек (головок) с цилиндром на резьбе является необходимость дополнительной обработки гиль- ¹⁵зы по диаметру, в некоторых случаях усложняется ориентировка штуцеров, часто головку центрируют по двум поверхностям, при наворачивапии головки возможно скручивание уплотнительного кольца. ₂оThe disadvantage of connecting the covers (heads) to the cylinder on the thread is the need for additional processing of the sleeve ¹⁵ in diameter, in some cases the orientation of the fittings becomes more complicated, the head is often centered on two surfaces, when the head is screwed up, the sealing ring may twist. ₂ o

В случае, если соединение крышек с гильзой производится с использованием двух закладных проволок с каждой стороны гильзы, гильза и крышки имеют канавки прямо2 угольного профиля одинаковой ширины, выполненные перпендикулярно оси цилиндра. При монтаже в гильзу вставляют крышку до совпадения канавок, после чего в канавки через окно, выполненное в гильзе, заводят проволоку, форма поперечного сечения которой сооветствует форме канавок.If the covers are connected to the sleeve using two embedded wires on each side of the sleeve, the sleeve and the cover have grooves of a straight2 carbon profile of the same width, made perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. During installation, the cover is inserted into the sleeve until the grooves coincide, after which a wire is inserted into the grooves through the window made in the sleeve, the cross-sectional shape of which matches the shape of the grooves.

Однако с увеличением рабочего давления в гидроцилиндрах необходимо увеличить и сечение проволоки, что влечет за собой трудность ее заводки и удаления. При применении мягкой проволоки ее заводка не представляет особых трудностей, но уже после гидравлических испытаний цилиндра, вследствие хотя бы небольшой деформации поперечного сечения проволоки, ее удаление затруднительно. При использовании термообработанной проволоки усложняется ее заводка.However, with an increase in the working pressure in the hydraulic cylinders, it is necessary to increase the cross-section of the wire, which entails the difficulty of winding and removing it. When using soft wire, its winding does not present any particular difficulties, but after hydraulic testing of the cylinder, due to at least slight deformation of the cross section of the wire, its removal is difficult. When using heat-treated wire, its winding is complicated.

Кроме того, в пределах допусков на толщину закладываемой проволоки и на размеры канавок возможны взаимные смещения (люфт) крышки и гильзы, которые будут происходить каждый раз при перемене знака загрузки (на штоке), что влечет за собой снижение жесткости конструкции.In addition, within the tolerances on the thickness of the wire being laid and on the dimensions of the grooves, mutual displacements (backlash) of the cover and sleeve are possible, which will occur each time the load sign (on the rod) changes, which entails a decrease in the rigidity of the structure.

Целью изобретения является повышение нагрузочной способности запорных элементов путем создания беззазорного предварительно напряженного соединения.The aim of the invention is to increase the load capacity of the locking elements by creating a gapless prestressed connection.

Цель достигается тем, что каждый запорный элемент .выполнен в виде кольца, диа- $ метрально разрезанного на η частей, торцовые поверхности которых скошены в противоположные стороны, а между частями запорного элемента установлено расклинивающее их фиксирующее усройство.The goal is achieved in that each locking element is made in the form of a ring, diametrically cut into η parts, the end surfaces of which are beveled in opposite directions, and a wedging locking device is installed between the parts of the locking element.

На фиг. 1 показан предлагаемый цилиндр, ю продольный разрез; на фиг. 2 — фиксирующее устройсво (узел I фиг. 1); на фиг. 3 — сечение А—А фиг. 2; на фиг. 4 — сечение Б—Б фиг. 3.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed cylinder, th longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - locking device (node I of Fig. 1); in FIG. 3 - section A — A of FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 - section B — B of FIG. 3.

Силовой цилиндр имеет шток с поршнем, 1, уплотнительные детали 2, гильзу 3, на внутренней рабочей поверхности которой вблизи торцов выполнены с каждой стороны по две канавки прямоугольного профиля. Канавки такого же профиля имеются на крышках 4 и 5, а в гильзе — вырезы 6 для за- го кладывания частей запорного элемента (вкладышей) 7 и 8 и фиксирующег.о..устрой.-. ства. Вкладыши 8 имеют скосы под углом 30° к плоскости запорного элемента, причем на каждом из этих вкладыгцей скосы выполнены в противоположные стороны, у торцо-, ²⁵вых вкладышей 7 одна торцовая поверхность . скошена, а другая параллельна оси цилиндра- .The power cylinder has a rod with a piston, 1, sealing parts 2, a sleeve 3, on the inner working surface of which near the ends there are two grooves of a rectangular profile on each side. Grooves of the same profile are on the covers 4 and 5, and in the sleeve there are cutouts 6 for securing the parts of the locking element (inserts) 7 and 8 and the fixing device ..-. state. The inserts 8 have bevels at an angle of 30 ° to the plane of the locking element, and on each of these inserts, the bevels are made in opposite directions, at the end, ²⁵ out inserts 7 there is one end surface. beveled, and the other parallel to the axis of the cylinder.

В крышках 4 и 5 имеются углубления, размеры и форма которых соответствуют вырезам в гильзе. Эти углубления предназначены для фиксирующего устройства, расклинивающего запорные элементы с целью образования беззазорного соединения вкладышей 7 и 8, гильзы и крышек.In the lids 4 and 5 there are recesses, the dimensions and shape of which correspond to the cutouts in the sleeve. These recesses are intended for a fixing device that wedges up the locking elements in order to form a gapless connection of the liners 7 and 8, the sleeve and the covers.

Фиксирующее устройство состоит из разрезанного пополам квадрата 9 с конусным отверстием (конусностью, равной углу трения) внутри конического штифта 10, вставляемого в указанное отверстие и имеющего резьбовой хвостовик и шестигранник для затяжки.The locking device consists of a square 9 cut in half with a conical hole (taper equal to the angle of friction) inside the conical pin 10 inserted into the specified hole and having a threaded shank and a hexagon for tightening.

Цилиндр собирается следующим образом·, крышки 4 и 5 с уплотнителями вставляются в гильзу 3 до совпадения канавок, после чего через вырезы в гильзе в канавки укладываются вкладыши 7 и 8 запорных элементов.The cylinder is assembled as follows ·, the covers 4 and 5 with seals are inserted into the sleeve 3 until the grooves coincide, after which the inserts 7 and 8 of the locking elements are inserted into the grooves through the cutouts in the sleeve.

Затем через те же вырезы закладывается квадрат фиксирующего устройства, расклиниваемый затягиванием резьбы штифта 10.Then, through the same cuts, the square of the fixing device is laid, wedged by tightening the thread of the pin 10.

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Claims

The invention relates to a volumetric hydraulic drive, namely to designs of hydraulic power cylinders. Power hydraulic cylinders are known that contain a piston rod and locking elements connecting the caps with the sleeve on the bolts, on the external or internal thread, on the external or internal half-rings, on the fixing wire 1. However, when connecting on the bolts, the sleeve must have at both ends thickened juice in the form of a flange, which leads to an increase in the weight and size of the cylinder. The lack of connection between the caps (heads) and the cylinder on the thread is the need for additional processing of the liner in diameter, in some cases the orientation of the shtutserov becomes difficult, often the head is centered on two surfaces, and the sealing ring can be twisted. In the event that the lids are connected to the liner using two core wires on each side of the liner, the liner and the lids have grooves of a rectangular profile of the same width, perpendicular to the cylinder axis. When mounted, a lid is inserted into the sleeve to match the grooves, after which a wire is formed into the grooves through a window made in the sleeve, the cross-sectional shape of which corresponds to the shape of the grooves. However, with an increase in the working pressure in the hydraulic cylinders, it is necessary to increase the cross section of the wire, which entails the difficulty of filling and removing it. When using soft wire, winding it does not present any particular difficulties, but after hydraulic testing of the cylinder, due to at least a slight deformation of the cross section of the wire, its removal is difficult. When using heat-treated wire, it is difficult to wind up. In addition, within tolerances on the thickness of the laid wire and on the dimensions of the grooves, mutual displacement (backlash) of the cap and the sleeve, which will occur every time when the loading sign changes (on the stem), leads to a decrease in the rigidity of the structure. The aim of the invention is to increase the loading capacity of the locking elements by creating a backlash pre-stressed connection. The goal is achieved by the fact that each locking element is made in the form of a ring, diametrically cut into π parts, the end surfaces of which are beveled in opposite directions, and a locking device, which separates them, is installed between the parts of the locking element. FIG. 1 shows the proposed cylinder longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - locking device (node I of Fig. 1); in fig. 3 - section A-A of FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - section BB of FIG. 3. The power cylinder has a piston rod, 1, sealing parts 2, a sleeve 3, on the inner working surface of which, near the ends, two grooves of a rectangular profile are made on each side. The grooves of the same profile are on the flaps 4 and 5, and in the sleeve there are notches 6 for laying the parts of the locking element (liner) 7 and 8 and the locking device. properties. The inserts 8 have bevels at an angle of 30 ° to the plane of the locking element, and on each of these inserts 1 bevels are made in opposite directions, in the end inserts 7 one end surface is skewed, and the other is parallel to the axis of the cylinder .., .., in the flaps 4 and 5 there are recesses, the size and shape of which correspond to the cut-out in the sleeve. These recesses are intended to be a locking device, wedging the locking elements to form a gapless connection of the liners 7 and 8, the liner and the caps. The locking device consists of a square 9 cut in half with a tapered bore (a taper equal to the friction angle) inside the tapered pin 10 inserted into the specified hole and having a threaded shank and a hexagon for tightening. The cylinder is assembled as follows: the covers 4 and 5 with the seals are inserted into the sleeve 3 until the grooves coincide, after which the inserts 7 and 8 of the locking elements are laid through the notches in the sleeve D of the grooves. Then, through the same cutouts, the square of the locking device is laid, wedged by tightening the thread of the pin 10. Claim of the invention The power cylinder containing the piston rod and the locking elements connecting the caps with the liner, in order to increase the load capacity of the locking elements by creating a gapless pre-stressed joint, each locking element is made in the form of a ring diametrically cut into n parts, the end surfaces of which are folded in opposite directions, and a wedging fixing device is installed between the parts of the locking element. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Marutov V. A. n., Hydrocylinders. M., 1966, p. 28-34.)