SU737673A1

SU737673A1 - Locking device

Info

Publication number: SU737673A1
Application number: SU762351863A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Леонид Никитович Срибный
Priority date: 1976-04-26
Filing date: 1976-04-26
Publication date: 1980-05-30

Description

(54) СТОПОРНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО(54) STOPPING DEVICE

II

Изобретение относитс к области машиностроени и предназначено дл стопорени резьбовых соединений от самоотвкнчивани .The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and is intended to stop threaded connections from self-tapping.

Известно стопорное устройство, содержащее скрепл емые детали, винт; гайку к. По крайней мере, один фиксирующий элемент, выполненный в виде установленного в торцовом углублении на одной из резьбовых деталей пальца с головкой, взаимодействующей с деформируемой перемычкой П1.A locking device is known that contains fastened parts, a screw; a nut to. At least one fixing element, made in the form of a finger installed in an end recess on one of the threaded parts with a head cooperating with a deformable jumper P1.

Недостажом устройства вл етс то,,что при деформации перемычки коническим фиксирующим элементом, перемычка упруго югибаетс как балка, у которой защемлен один конец. При таком перемещении перемычки возникают избыточные напр жени витков, что приводит к понижению прочности и надежности стопорени .The drawback of the device is that when the bridge is deformed by a conical locking element, the bridge is elastically bent like a beam, at which one end is clamped. With this movement of the jumper, excessive stresses of the coils occur, which leads to a decrease in the strength and reliability of the locking.

Наиболее близким техническим решением вл етс стопорное устройство, включающее виит, гайку и фиксирующий элемент, взаимодействующий с выполненной со стороны резьбы одной из упом нутых резьбовых деталейThe closest technical solution is a locking device, including a twig, a nut and a locking element, which interacts with one of the mentioned threaded parts on the thread side.

упруго деформируемой перемычкой, образованной замкнутым в поперечном сечении пазом 2.elastically deformable jumper formed by a groove 2 closed in cross section.

Недостаток стопорного устройства заключаетс в том, что замкнутый паз выполнен на всей длине,вследствие чего понижаетс прочность и надежность стопорени . Это объ сн етс тем, что в резьбовых соединени х обычной конструкции нагрузка между витками резьбы расщ)едел етс. неравномерно. Первые витки резьбы, расположенные у опорной поверхности The disadvantage of the locking device is that the closed groove is made along the entire length, as a result of which the strength and reliability of the locking is reduced. This is due to the fact that in threaded joints of a conventional construction, the load between the threads of the thread (s), is reduced. uneven. The first thread turns located at the support surface.

to гайки, Нагружены гораздо больше, чем послеЯуйэщие . При стоПорении фиксирующим элементом , нагруженные первые витки резьбы воспринимают помимо осевой и радиальную нагрузку, что отрицательно сказываетс как to the nuts, loaded much more than after. When stopping the fixing element, the loaded first threads of the thread perceive, in addition to the axial and radial load, which negatively affects

15 на прочности, так и на надежности стопорени .15 on the strength and reliability of the stopper.

Цель изобретени - повьпиение прочности и надежности стопорени .The purpose of the invention is to increase the strength and reliability of the stopper.

Указанна цель достигаетс тем, что в стопорном устройстве; включающем винт, гай20 ку и фиксирующий элемент, взаимодействующий с выполненной со стороны резьбы одной из упом нутых резьбовых деталей упруто деформируемой перемычкой, образованнойThis goal is achieved by having a stopping device; including a screw, a nut and a locking element that interacts with one of the said threaded parts made from the side of the thread and is elastically deformable with a jumper formed

амкнутым в поперечном сечении пазом, упо нутый паз ограничен по длине резьбовой ; етали прорезью, перпендикул рной оси резьбы, фиксирующий элемент выполнен в виде пальа с головкой, взаимодействзтощей с перемьлой . Паз выполнен концентричным резьбе, а фиксирующий элемент - с эксцентричной головкой, взаимодействующей с перемычкой.a groove grooved in cross section; a groove groove limited to a threaded length; Detail of the slot, perpendicular to the axis of the thread, the locking element is designed in the form of a finger with a head, interacting with the perm. The groove is made concentric thread, and the locking element with an eccentric head, interacting with the jumper.

С целью повышени технологичности, паз выполнен в виде трех пересекающихс цилиндов . Паз выполнен с коническими рабочими поверхност ми, а фиксирующий элемент - с концентрической головкой, взаимодействующей с перемь1чкойг In order to improve manufacturability, the groove is made in the form of three intersecting cylinders. The groove is made with conical work surfaces, and the locking element with a concentric head that interacts with

На фиг. 1 изображено стопорение гайки с помощью фиксирующего элемента с эксцентричной самотормоз щейс головкой, в аимодействующей с деформируемым участком, выполненным в гайке; на фиг. 2 - разрез А-А на фиг. 1; на фиг. 3 - стопорение малогабаритной гайки с помощью фиксирующего элемента с эксцентричной самотормоз щейс головкой, взаимодействующей с деформируемым участком, выполненным в корпусе вала; на фиг. 4 - разрез Б-Б на фиг. 3; на фиг. 5 - стопорение гайки фиксирующим элементом с эксцентричной самотормоз щейс головкой, взаимодействующей с деформируемым участком , образованным поперечным надрезом и комбинацией трех отверстий, просверленных до встречи с поперечным надрезом; на фиг. 6 вид слева На фиг. 5; на фиг. 7 - стопорение гайки фиксирующим элементом в виде виита с конической головкой, взаимодействзпющей с конической поверхностью деформируемого y aCTka, полученного поперечным надрезом и комбинацией трех продольных отверстий, просверленных до встречи с поперечным надрезом , причем среднее из отверстий вл етс коническим; на фиг. 8 - вид слева на фиг1 7. Фиксирующие элементы, согласно предлагаемому изобретению, выполн ютс из углеродистой стали, поддающейс закалке, а поверхности деформируемых з астков, взаимодействующие с ronoBKavffl фиксируюидах элементов, также желательно упрочнить, например, закалкой на ТВЧ.FIG. 1 shows the locking of the nut with the help of a locking element with an eccentric self-braking head, and in the action itself with a deformable section, made in the nut; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - locking the small nut with the help of a fixing element with an eccentric self-braking head, interacting with a deformable section, made in the shaft housing; in fig. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. 3; in fig. 5 - locking the nut with a locking element with an eccentric self-braking head interacting with a deformable section formed by a transverse notch and a combination of three holes drilled before meeting the transverse notch; in fig. 6, left side view FIG. five; in fig. 7 - locking the nut with a viit-type fixing element with a conical head interacting with the conical surface of the deformed y aCTka obtained by a transverse notch and a combination of three longitudinal holes drilled before meeting the transverse notch, the middle of the holes being conical; in fig. 8 is a left-side view of Fig. 7. The locking elements according to the invention are made of carbon steel that can be hardened, and the surfaces of the deformed holes that interact with ronoBKavffl fixings of elements are also desirable to be strengthened, for example, by hardening at high frequency.

На фиг. 1 и 2 показано стопорное устройство , содержащее пшиндель 1 с резьбой, регулировоадую гайку 2, фиксирующий элемент 3 с гладкой эксцентричной самотормоз щейс головкой и щестигранником 4 под ключ,причем элемент 3 закален до необходимой тверг дости, обеспе ивающей ; его долговевдость. Гайка 2 взаимодействует с упорным подшипником 5. В корпусе гайки 2 выполнена выемка с деформируемой стенкой 6, полученной за счет поперечного относительно оси резьбового соединени надреза 7, например, с помощьюFIG. Figures 1 and 2 show a locking device containing a threaded pin 1, an adjusting nut 2, a locking element 3 with a smooth eccentric self-braking head and a turnkey hexagon 4, and the element 3 is hardened until it reaches the required hardness that ensures; its longevity. The nut 2 interacts with the thrust bearing 5. In the case of the nut 2, a recess is made with a deformable wall 6, obtained by transversely relative to the axis of the threaded joint of the notch 7, for example, using

прорезной фрезы и продольного До встречи с поперечным надрезом 8, выполненного, например , с помощью пальцевой фрезы и расположенного симметрично относительно отверсти Slitting cutter and longitudinal Before meeting with a transverse notch 8, made, for example, using a finger cutter and located symmetrically with respect to the hole

9, предназначенного дл хвостовика фиксирующего элемента 3. Ширина продольного надреза 8 должна быть такой, чтобы можно было свободно установить фиксирующий. элемент в отверстие 9 в положении, когда лини эксцентриситета головки элемента расположена по горизонтали, а длина его должна обеспечивать упругую деформацию CTeHkn 6 при повороте фиксирующего элемента эксцентриситетом вниз с помощью ключа усилием, не превы- .9, designed for the shank of the locking element 3. The width of the longitudinal notch 8 should be such that the locking can be set freely. the element in the hole 9 in the position where the line of eccentricity of the head of the element is horizontal, and its length should provide elastic deformation CTeHkn 6 when turning the locking element eccentricity down with a key with a force not exceeding-.

щающем зат гивание болтов и гаек.tightening bolts and nuts.

На фиг. 3, 4 , 5 и 6 показано стопорение также с помощью фиксирующего элемента с гладкой упрочненной эксцентричной и самотормоз щейс головкой. Поверхность головкиFIG. 3, 4, 5 and 6, the locking is also shown by means of a fixing element with a smooth, reinforced eccentric and self-braking spacing head. Head surface

фиксирующего элемента образрвана вращением пр мой линии вбкруг ее продольной оси и взаимодействует с деформируемой стенкой выемки , выполненной на торце той же резьбовой детали.. .the locking element is formed by rotating a straight line around its longitudinal axis and interacts with a deformable recess wall made at the end of the same threaded part ...

На фиг. 3 и фиг. 4 показано стопорное устройство , содержащее консольный вал 10 с резьбой на конце и деформируемым участком 11, полученным за счет поперечного надреза 12, продольного надреза 13 до встречи с надрезомFIG. 3 and FIG. 4 shows a locking device comprising a cantilever shaft 10 with a thread at the end and a deformable section 11 obtained by a transverse notch 12, a longitudinal notch 13 before meeting the notch

12 и сверлени 14 также до встречи с надрезом 12, причем диаметр сверлени 14 должен быть таким, чтобы можно бьшо с некоторым усилием установить фиксирующий элемент 15 с эксцентричной самотормоз щейс головкой12 and drilling 14 also before meeting the notch 12, and the drilling diameter 14 must be such that it is possible with some effort to install the locking element 15 with an eccentric self-braking head

и щестигранником 16 под ключ, хвостовиком в отверстие 17 в положении, когда лини эксцентриситета головки находитс по горизонтали . Центр отверсти 17 смещен относительноand a turnkey hexagon 16, with a shank to the hole 17 in a position where the head eccentricity line is horizontal. The center of the hole 17 is offset relative to

центра сверлени И на величину меиьщую или рав ,ную эксцентриситету головки фиксирующего элемента в сторону деформируемогоучастка 11. На резьбу консольного вала устанавливаетс мало; габаритна гайка 18 дл закреплени щестерни 19. Доступ к стопорному устройству осущестрл етс через окно в корпусе 20, например , редуктора, закрытое крыщкой 21.the center of the drilling And on the size of the slightest or equal to the eccentricity of the head of the fixing element in the direction of the deformable section 11. There is little installed on the thread of the console shaft; dimensional nut 18 for securing the gear 19. Access to the locking device is carried out through a window in the housing 20, for example, a gearbox, closed by a lid 21.

Claims

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 shows a locking device with the same elements as in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The difference is the method of making the deformable wall 22, which is obtained by a transverse notch 23, for example a slitter with a radial feed of the workpiece, and a longitudinal notch by three holes before meeting the transverse notch 23, while the average hole 24 should be of such diameter in order to be able to freely insert the shank of the lean element 3 into the hole 9, in a position where the eccentricity line will be horizontal, while the center of the latter is shifted relative to the drilling center 24 by a value smaller or equal to the eccentricity of the head of the fixing element in the direction of the deformable wall 22 Two side drills 25 can be made smaller in diameter compared to the middle one and intersect with it. The drills 25 are designed to form thin bridges 26 of the deformable wall 22 and are drilled to a depth prior to meeting the transverse notch 23. Such an implementation of the deformable wall 22 weakens the nut body less and increases the contact area of the head of the fixing element 3 with the surface of the deformable wall, which reduces the specific pressure and increases the durability of the locking device. FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 shows a locking device similar to that shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. The difference is that the locking element 27 is made in the form of a screw with a conical head, and the middle drilling 28 is made conical, respectively, to the head on the needles. element 27 is threaded, and the threaded hole 29 for the shank is concentric to conical drilling 28. The operation of the locking device of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 occurs as follows. Before screwing the nut 2 onto the spindle 1, it is necessary to install the locking element 3 with its shank into the hole 9 on the nut so that its head eccentricity line is horizontal and then turn the eccentricite element head with a wrench; The volume is up to the stop on the upper surface of the groove 8. At the same time, fixing the 1st element 3 will be prevented from falling out of the hole 9 due to friction forces between the head of the element and the surface of the groove 8. After that, the nut 2 is screwed onto the spindle 1 and after adjusting, for example, the thrust bearing 5, is fixed from self-unscrewing by turning the locking element 3 clockwise or counterclockwise with the help of a key installed in the hex hole 4. At the same time, the eccentric head of the element 3 deforms the surface with its surface 6 and select the gap in the threaded joint in the area of section 6, and with further rotation of element 3, the shank of the shank eccentric relative to the head lifts the whole nut 2 radially up and completely sticks it on the spindle I. By selecting the position of the transverse notch 7 along the nut axis, you can get rid of tilting the nut when it is installed. Since the head of the locking element 3 is eccentric, the self-braking device 736 s is made, i.e. -g- SOj where o is the outer diameter of the head, and 6- is the eccentricity, then it is possible to prevent the joining only with a key by turning the locking element to the machined side compared to the direction of rotation when locking. Rotation is carried out up to the stop of the head of the element in the upper surface of the groove 8. Rotation of the element 3 in any direction during fixation is possible because the area formed by the upper surface of the groove 8 and the outer diameter of the nut has elasticity. This creates convenience in work, since there is no need to think which way to turn the locking element 3 in order to stop the connection. Pa figs. 3 and FIG. 4 shows a part of the assembly, for example, a gearbox, where gear 19 is fixed on shaft 10 by means of a small nut 18 located in gear bore 19. Therefore, access to the nut is difficult. It is impossible to deliver neither known deformable washers, nor to perform a terminal nut, since it is small-sized, i.e. Known to lock the nut is difficult. Therefore, it is rational to apply the proposed locking device. In this case, the locking element 15 is installed with its shank into the hole 17 with an unscathed force in order to prevent its accidental falling out when the threaded connection is opened. The eccentricity line of the head of the element should be horizontally eccentricized towards the notch 13. When the element is rotated with a key installed in the hexagon hole 16, clockwise (bolts and nuts are usually tightened, i.e., the movement is customary for the worker), the deformable section 11 it rises up and seizes the nut 18 on the thread of the shaft 10. When the threaded connection is opened, element 15 is necessary with the help of; key to turn in the opposite direction. to its original position. The operation of the locking device of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is similar to the operation of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In order to prevent the element 3 from falling out of the hole 9 in the sputtering state, it is necessary either to open the end of the shank of the element 3, having previously secured it from quenching, or after uncoupling the joint, turn the head of the element 3 again with considerable force until it contacts the surface of the deformable wall 22, By this, element 3 will be prevented from falling out due to frictional forces. The stopper of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 occurs by screwing the shank of the locking element 27 into the threaded hole 29, while the conical head of the element enters the conical hole 28 and deforms the tenta 22 due to thin bridges 26, half of the hotshaft through the holes 25. At the same time, the threaded connection is locked. The conical surface of the element 27 prevents it from self-unscrewing. The advantage of the proposed locking device, in comparison with the known one, is that it is possible to manufacture locking elements without eccentric heads, which makes it easy to manufacture them on automatic machines by performing eccentric collets; the ability to easily quench fixing elements, which increases their durability; the ability to quickly fix the connection, not thinking about the direction of rotation of the locking element, or to rotate it in the usual direction, like bolts and nuts; increasing the contact area of the fixing element with the deformable section, which reduces the specific pressure and wear; the ability to compensate for non-perpendicular nuts. All this increases durability and expands the range of application of the locking device. Claims of the invention I. A locking device containing a screw, a nut and a locking element, interaction: i, 73. g, which comes from the side of the thread of one of the said threaded parts, is an elastically deformable bridge, formed by a groove closed in cross section, which is, in order to increase the strength and reliability of the locking, the groove is limited along the length of the threaded part by a slot, perpendicular to the axis of the thread, and the locking element is designed in the form of a finger with a head interacting with the bridge. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove is made concentric. and the locking element - with an eccentric head interacting with a jumper .. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to improve technological efficiency, the groove is made in the form of at least three intersecting cylinders. 4. The device according to claim 1, that is, with the fact that the TsAZ is made with conical working surfaces, and the fixing element - with a concentric head, interacting with a jumper. , Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 362153 p. F 1 37/04, 1970.

2. USSR author's certificate number 495457 l. F 16 B 39/28, 1976. fie. W Figure 5 / p 25 2k V / / M fie. 3 5 Fi.b

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