SU735218A1 - Mounted apparatus for pruning fruit trees in palmette garden and pinching-out grapevines - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular gardening and viticulture.

Machines of similar designation are known, for example, a caulking machine CFL-1, designed for embossing and trimming the steps of grapevines formed on a vertical trellis with a trellis pile height of 1.5-2 m. diem 2; 2.25 and 2.5 m in flat areas and slopes up to 6 °. The machine has fixed and movable frames, two vertical-rezhush, them and one horizontal-cutting apparatus, hydraulic motor, distributor, connecting rod mechanism and hydraulic cylinder. The base of the fixed frame with the bracket and the diagonal is attached to the front beam of the tractor. The stationary support bears an adjustment bar with a crossbar, which serves to fasten the hydraulic cylinder. On the horizontal support of the movable frame there is a bracket that carries the hydraulic motor, which is driven in rotation from the tractor's hydraulic system. A sliding bar is inserted into the cavity of the horizontal support, carrying vertical and horizontal cutting units, a distributor and a connecting rod mechanism. There is a mower type 1 cutting device.

However, such machines with reciprocating movement of the working body (of the force-type) are poorly balanced by inertial forces and have a complex structure. Mashchinu difficult to use in the mountain viticulture.

Known tykzhe obrezchik contour mechanized OKM-4, 5, designed

10 for continuous horizontal, vertical and oblique trimming of the crowns of fruit trees, having a hinge system for supporting and lifting frames, a disc cutting unit, a protective enclosure for the tractor cab and a hydraulic system. The hitch system is used for mounting the supporting and lifting frames and consists of four brackets, two of which are attached to the yoke of the rear axle of the tractor, and two are supported: on the beam attached to the longitudinal bars of the tractor frame.

20 Two central and front brackets, an arrow and pull of a parallel mechanism are included in the lifting and supporting device. The center brackets, mounted on the hinge, have slip bearings in the upper part for the boom pivot axis. The elements of the supporting lifting device together with the belts form a parallelogram mechanism ensuring the parallelism of the cutting apparatus in a given cutting plane when it is installed at any height 2. The cutting apparatus has five saws. The OKM-4,5 cutter is quite structurally complex and can treat one half a half a day between the spaces x, whose width is not less than 6 m, which excludes its use in palmettic gardens and especially in vineyards. The purpose of the invention is the maintenance of plants differing in habit and spacing between the rows. This is achieved by the fact that the movable frame is made telescopic, and an intermediate plate is installed between the parallelogram mechanism and the working section to ensure a predetermined position of the working section. The working section is equipped with fixed and movable tilting of the branches and wind lifting, made in the form of bent rods, and the wind lifter is equipped with a spring. In addition, in order to compensate for vertical and horizontal oscillations, the movable tilting of the branches is made integral with the spring of the wind lifter and provided with a lock. FIG. 1 shows the device, a general view; in fig. 2 - working section. The device comprises a sliding frame consisting of two double pipes 1, rigidly connected to each other, as well as hanging elements 2 for attachment to the hydraulic lift. Each of the main pipes 1 telescopically enters on both sides two more retractable pipes 3, respectively, of smaller diameter. To fix the desired extension length of the pipe 3, fingers 4 are used, inserted into holes 5 made in tubes 1 and 3. Two intermediate plates 6, hinged on both sides, are attached to the sliding tubes 3 of the frame. The operation of section 7 is a rotor 8 mounted on a shaft, in the housings of which the knives 9 mounted with knuckles 10 are hinged. The rotor shaft is connected to the shaft of a hydromotor 11. For safety, maintenance of the rotor 8 and working members 9 are protected the casing 12 and the rim 13. The working section 7 has a movable 14 and a fixed 15 inclinators. The movable tilt 14 is integral with the spring 16 (to compensate for vertical oscillations) and is provided with a return spring 17, which is controlled by the tension. In order to fix it in the initial position, there is a fixing device 18. A fixed tilt 15 serves to adjust the width of the grip. For lifting low growing branches

-fX- -A-ii - -.-. vines serves as a windrower 19, which is equipped with a spring 20. The hydraulic cylinder 21, the shoulders 22 and the fastening elements 23 form a parallelogram mechanism, to the shoulders of which work sections 7 are attached to one side intermediate plates 6, fastened on both sides to the frame. The device works as follows. A tractor with a trimmer touched in front enters the aisle. Rotating knives 9, pivotally fixed in the eyelets of the rotor 8, cut the lateral growth. The low-lying vines are lifted by lifting the 19 and are fed to the rotating blades 9. The finger 10 with which the knife is secured prevents it from escaping if it is broken with the rotor 8. When the knife 9 is broken, the finger 10 meets with the rim sides 13 and remains in the casing 12 of the working section 7. A movable tiller 14 serves to trim the vertically growing plants. It tilts the vertical shoots and brings them to the rotating blades 9. When meeting with the support, the tilt turns around its axis. After the bypass of the webs under the action of the spring 17, the inclinator 14 returns to its original position and is fixed by the device in order to avoid horizontal oscillations. The vertical oscillations are compensated by the spring 17. Both working sections 7 using hydraulic cylinders 21 and shoulders 22 of the parallelogram mechanism and fastening elements 23 can change the width of the grip without changing the specified angle of the working sections 7. Due to the extension of the sliding pipes 3 from the main pipes 1 to different lengths provide a change in the angle of inclination of the working sections 7. The raising and lowering of the embossing device is performed by a hydraulic lift, which is attached to the front of the tractor and connected to the hitch elements 2. The frame can occupy two positions. In the complex state (shown in Fig. 1 by the dotted line), the frame is used for processing low and medium plants, in the folding state - for processing high plants. In this case, there are three options for attaching a hydraulic lift to the elements 2 of the hinge .; When performing work on continuous cutting of the vine, the working sections 7 for pruning and embossing are replaced by sections of the type APL-2.5 (apparatus for cutting the vine). For contour pruning of fruit trees in palmettic gardens, the grip width of the working section 7 is adjusted by a fixed Tilt 15 and a wind lift 19. To cut the tops, the sections 7 are turned to horizontal position. The sliding frame is adjustable to the lower width between the rows. A rake is respectively attached to the tractor's hydraulic attachment system for simultaneous harvesting of pruned branches or vines. - Instead of a rake, you can attach other agricultural implements, such as a disc harrow, designed to grind the cut mass of grape shoots, loosen the soil, cut weeds and embed the ground mass into the soil, etc. The use of the proposed device in fruit growing for processing different crops with one machine will allow you to eliminate the labor on these operations and to increase labor productivity, while the device will simultaneously perform several types of work in any inter-row area tionary use the technique. Lengthened with the use of the proposed device, as it works in the autumn-winter period in gardens and vineyards, and in summer in vineyards.

Claims (3)

1. Attachment for pruning fruit trees in the palmettic garden and chase grape vines, containing a movable frame, parallelogram mechanism and working sections, characterized in that, in order to service plants differing in habit and spacing between the rows, the movable frame is made telescopic, and an intermediate plate is installed between the parallelogram mechanism and the working section preset position of the working section. 2. A device according to claim I, characterized in that the working section is provided with a fixed and movable inclinator of plural branches and a wind lifter, made in the form of curved rods, the wind lifter being provided with a spring. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, in order to compensate for vertical and horizontal vibrations, movable on the branch clone is made integral with the spring of the lifter and provided with a lock. Source of information taken into account in the examination 1.Aniferov F.Ye. Gardening Machines. M., “Kolos, 1976, p. 228. 2. In the same place 214 (prototype). 2