SU717483A1

SU717483A1 - Apparatus for discharging gases from container

Info

Publication number: SU717483A1
Application number: SU772527405A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Василий Дмитриевич Копанев
Original assignee: Kopanev Vasilij D
Priority date: 1977-09-26
Filing date: 1977-09-26
Publication date: 1980-02-25

Description

Союз СоветскихUnion of Soviet

СоциалистическихSocialist

РеспубликRepublics

ПкударстихяыЙ квинтетPkudarstichia Quintet

СССР во девай вмбретеиий и епфытнй пUSSR in the day at the british and epiphany

К АВТОРСКОМУ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВУ (61) Дополнительное к авт. свид-ву - (22) 3аявлено 26.09.77(21)2527405/23-26 с присоединением заявки № - (23) Приоритет —TO AUTHOR'S CERTIFICATE (61) Additional to author. certificate-wu - (22) 3 announced 26.09.77 (21) 2527405 / 23-26 with the addition of application No. - (23) Priority -

Опубликовано 25.02.80 Бюллетень Лй 7Published 02.25.80 Bulletin L 7

Дата опубликования описания 28.02.80 <»>717483 .Date of publication of the description 02/28/80 <»> 717483.

(51 )М. Кл?(51) M. Cl

F 17 С 9/00F 17 C 9/00

F 17 С ,13/06 (53)УДКб21.59 (088.8) (72) Автор изобретенияF 17 C, 13/06 (53) UDCb21.59 (088.8) (72) Author of the invention

В. Д. Копанев (71) Заявитель (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВЫТЕСНЕНИЯ ГАЗОВ ИЗ СОСУДАV. D. Kopanev (71) Applicant (54) DEVICE FOR EXCHANGE OF GASES FROM THE VESSEL

II

Предполагаемое изобретение относится к технике низкотемпературного охлаждения и может быть использовано в науке и технике для непрерывной или порционной подачи жидкого газа Или его паров из транспортных сосудов Дьюара к охлаждав- ³мым объектам.Estimated invention relates to the art of low-temperature cooling, and can be used in science and technology for the continuous or batchwise supply of liquid gas or a vapor from transport dewars to ohlazhdav- ³ by direct objects.

Известны устройства для переливания жидкого хладагента из одного сосуда в другой, где вытеснение хладагента в освобождаемом сосуде достигается за счет создания в нем повышенного давления. Необходимая при этом герметизация освобождаемого сосуда осуществляется путем применения резиновых деталей, в _J5которых используется их собственная упругость [1].Known devices for transfusion of liquid refrigerant from one vessel to another, where the displacement of the refrigerant in the released vessel is achieved by creating high pressure in it. The necessary sealing of the released vessel is carried out by using rubber parts, in _{J5 of} which their own elasticity is used [1].

Указанные устройства не обеспечивают надежной герметизации, поскольку не имеют нажимных деталей, воздействующих _мна резину, не обладают достаточной прочностью в силу того, что с одной стороны .резиновые детали при низкой температуре становятся хрупкими и с другой сто2 роны - отсутствуют детали, предохраняющие их от разрушения. Кроме того, они не удобны в обслуживании, поскольку в момент налаживания уплотнения оператор вынужден работать руками в зоне воздействия хладагента, выходящего из горловины сосуда Дьюара.These devices do not provide a reliable sealing, since it does not have pressure pieces which act on the tires _m do not possess sufficient strength due to the fact that on the one hand .rezinovye parts at low temperature become brittle and on the other sto2 Rhone - no parts, preventing them from destruction. In addition, they are not convenient to maintain, since at the time the seal is being established, the operator is forced to work with his hands in the zone of exposure to the refrigerant leaving the neck of the Dewar vessel.

Известно устройство для вытеснения жидкого азота или его паров из транспортных сосудов Дьюара за счет создания в них повышенного давления. Последнее достигается путем испарения некоторой части азота или применения сжатого газа. Указанное устройство содержит подающую трубку с электронагревателем, концентрично которой размещена втулка с резиновой манжетой, установленной посредством закрепляющего элемента в горловине сосуда, причем закрепляющий элемент содержит резьбовые детали [2].A device is known for displacing liquid nitrogen or its vapors from Dewar transport vessels by creating increased pressure in them. The latter is achieved by evaporating some of the nitrogen or using compressed gas. The specified device contains a supply tube with an electric heater, concentric with which is placed a sleeve with a rubber cuff installed by means of a fixing element in the neck of the vessel, and the fixing element contains threaded parts [2].

Такое устройство имеет существенный недостаток, который заключается в следующем. Резьбовые детали, содержаАSuch a device has a significant drawback, which is as follows. Threaded parts containing

717483 ··'* шиеся в этом устройстве, вынуждают затрачивать много времени на’их завинчивание, Которое осуществляется для герметизации горловины сосуда в процессе приведения устройства в рабочее положение; тем самым с одной стороны создается неудобство для работы оператора, руки которого в течение всего процесса герметизации находятся под воздействием газообразного или выплескивающегося хладагента, с другой стороны резиновая манжета вступает в контакт ,с .хладагентом несколько раньше, чем оно бьшает подвергнуто уплотнению, теряя при этом постепенно свою эластичность. Степень затвердевания последнего находится в прямой зависимости от времени воздействия на него хладагента, что не желательно к^чак в отношении качества герметизации, так и в отношении сохранности самого кольца.717483 ·· '* in this device make it necessary to spend a lot of time on screwing, which is carried out to seal the neck of the vessel in the process of bringing the device to its working position; thereby, on the one hand, an inconvenience is created for the operator, whose hands are exposed to gaseous or splashing refrigerant during the entire sealing process, on the other hand, the rubber cuff comes into contact with the refrigerant a little earlier than before it is sealed, losing gradually its elasticity. The degree of solidification latter is directly dependent on the time of exposure to the coolant, which is undesirable for ^h ak concerning quality sealing and safety against the ring itself.

Цепью предполагаемого изобретения является устранение перечисленных недостатков за счет изменения конструкции устройства. Это позволяет сократить время, затрачиваемое оператором на герметизацию горловины сосуда Дьюара при установке устройства, улучшить условия труда оператора, улучшить качество герметизации и повысить надежность устройства.The chain of the alleged invention is to remedy these shortcomings by changing the design of the device. This allows you to reduce the time spent by the operator on sealing the neck of the Dewar vessel when installing the device, improve the working conditions of the operator, improve the quality of sealing and increase the reliability of the device.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что закрепляющий элемент снабжен рычажным механизмом и кроме того, закрепляющий элемент выполнен в виде нажимной втулки и опорного кольца, между которыми размещена, резиновая манжета, а рычажный механизм установлен на нажимной втулке.This goal is achieved by the fact that the fixing element is equipped with a lever mechanism, and in addition, the fixing element is made in the form of a pressure sleeve and a support ring, between which a rubber sleeve is placed, and the lever mechanism is mounted on the pressure sleeve.

Применение рычажного механизма позволяет оператору в процессе установки устройства одним движением, то есть сжатием кисти руки осуществлять ’ герметизацию внутреннего сосуда Дьюара, а вместе с этим и закреплять устройство на его ГОрловйнё, на что в целом затрачивается всего 1-1,5 с. времени. На чертеже представлен разрез устройства.The use of the lever mechanism allows the operator to install the device with one movement, that is, squeezing the hand, to ’seal the Dewar’s inner vessel, and at the same time fix the device to its neckline, which generally takes only 1-1.5 s. time. The drawing shows a section of the device.

Устройство.состоит из головной части 1 и прочно соединенной с ней подающей трубки 2, имеющей на нйжнёМ конце электронагреватель 3; Верхний конец подающей трубки оканчивается штуцером 4. Головная часть устройства содержит втулку 5, сообщающуюся в верхней части с отверстием 6. На втулке расположена резиновая манжета 7, ограниченная с одной стороны опорным кольцом 8, а с другой - нажимной втулкой 9. Резиновая манжета имеет 5 с обеих сторон конусные окончания, которые входят в Ответные конусы, коль— ца 8 и нажимной втулки 9. Это сделано для беспрепятственного ввода и извлечения нижней части устройства в горлови— 10 ну 10 сосуда и предохранения манжеты от повреждений. На головной части устройства шарнирно Закреплен рычажный Механизм 11, малое плечо которого, имеющее форму вилки, охватывает на15 жимную втулку 9 с двух сторон и находится с ней при помощи винтов 12 в подвижном соединении. Между рычажным механизмом 11 и головкой винта 13 расположен клин 14, который может пе— 20 ремешаться вверх под действием пружины 15, прикрепленной другим концом к’ рычажному механизму 11. С противоположной от рычажного механизма стороны к головной части устройства прикрёплена опора 16, которая предназначена для удобства сжатия кисти руки при перемешивании рычажного механизма 11. Головная часть устройства снабжена также электровводами 17.The device consists of a head part 1 and a supply tube 2 firmly connected to it, having an electric heater 3 at the lower end; The upper end of the feed tube ends with a nozzle 4. The head of the device contains a sleeve 5, communicating in the upper part with the hole 6. On the sleeve there is a rubber sleeve 7, limited on one side by a support ring 8, and on the other hand by a pressure sleeve 9. The rubber sleeve has 5 on both sides are the conical ends that enter the Response cones, ring 8 and the pressure sleeve 9. This is done to freely enter and remove the bottom of the device in the neck — 10 x 10 vessels and to protect the cuff from damage. A lever mechanism 11 is pivotally mounted on the head of the device, the small shoulder of which, having the form of a fork, covers the compression sleeve 9 from two sides and is located with it using screws 12 in a movable connection. A wedge 14 is located between the lever mechanism 11 and the screw head 13, which can be moved upward by the action of a spring 15 attached at the other end to the lever mechanism 11. On the opposite side from the lever mechanism to the head part of the device is a support 16, which is designed to the convenience of compressing the hand while stirring the linkage 11. The head of the device is also equipped with electric inputs 17.

Герметизация горловины сосуда осуществляется на последнем этапе приведения устройства в рабочее положение, то есть сначала подающая трубка 2 с электронагревателем 3 на нижнем конце вводится в горловину 10 внутреннего сосуда, ^Заполненного жидким азотом. Вслед за подающей Трубкой в горловину вводится и втулка 5, совместно с расположенными на ней опорным кольцом 8, резиновой манжетой 7 и нижней частью нажимной втулки 9. Границей погружения устройства в горловину 10 сосуда Дьюара служит момент соприкосновения короткого плеча рычажного механизма 11 с ее верхним обрезом. Далее следует непосредствен© ~ герметизация, которая осуществляется путем перемещения верхнего то есть большого плеча рычажного механизма 11 к центру устройства. Это перемещение производится оператором за счет сжатия кисти его руки с использованием опоры 16. При этом нижнее малое плечо рычажного механизма 11, охватывающее в виде вилки нажимною втулку 9 с двух сторон и имеющее с ней подвижное соединение посредством винтов 12, переместит ее вниз, производя сжатие резиновой манжеты 7 в осевом направле5 нии. Последняя, в свою очередь, под действием осевого сжатия раздастся в радиальном направлении и закроет кольцевой просвет между внутренней стенкой горловины 10 сосуда и втулкой 5. При' этом герметизация осуществится по ’ всей высоте резиновой манжеты, а степень уплотнения резины будет достаточной для прочного закрепления всего устройства в рабочем положении. Одновре-* . менно с герметизацией горловины сосуда клин 14 под действием пружины 15 переместится вверх и заполнит обр'азовав-^ ’ шееся пространство между головкой винта 13 и большим плечом рычажного механизма 11, чем осуществится самсьустанавливание последнего. В процессе герметизации горловины сосуда может иметь место незначительное перемещение устройства вверх (2-3 мм), которое абсолютно не сказывается ни на степе- _:ни герметизации, ни на прочности ’ закрепления устройства. Такое перемещение может произойти в том случае, если в процессе ввода устройства в горловину сосуда произойдет соприкосновение нижнего плеча рычажного механизма 11 с торцом горловины 10. .The sealing of the neck of the vessel is carried out at the last stage of bringing the device into working position, that is, first, the supply pipe 2 with an electric heater 3 at the lower end is inserted into the neck 10 of the inner vessel, filled with liquid nitrogen. Following the feed tube, a sleeve 5 is inserted into the neck, together with the support ring 8 located on it, a rubber cuff 7 and the lower part of the pressure sleeve 9. The immersion boundary of the device in the neck 10 of the Dewar is the moment of contact of the short arm of the lever mechanism 11 with its upper edge . Then follows directly © ~ sealing, which is carried out by moving the upper, that is, the large arm of the linkage 11 to the center of the device. This movement is performed by the operator by compressing the wrist of his hand using the support 16. In this case, the lower small shoulder of the lever mechanism 11, covering the push sleeve 9 in the form of a fork from two sides and having a movable connection with it via screws 12, will move it down, compressing it rubber cuff 7 in the axial direction 5. The latter, in turn, under the action of axial compression will be heard in the radial direction and close the annular gap between the inner wall of the neck 10 of the vessel and the sleeve 5. In this case, the sealing will be carried out along the entire height of the rubber cuff, and the degree of compaction of the rubber will be sufficient to secure all devices in working position. At the same time *. Along with sealing the neck of the vessel, the wedge 14 under the action of the spring 15 will move up and fill the formed space between the screw head 13 and the large arm of the lever mechanism 11, which will allow the latter to self-install. In the process of sealing the neck of the container may have a slight upward movement of the device (2-3 mm), which is absolutely no effect on the degrees of _audio: audio sealing or the strength of 'fixing device. Such a movement can occur if, during the process of introducing the device into the neck of the vessel, the lower arm of the linkage 11 comes into contact with the end of the neck 10.

Для извлечения устройства из сосуда по окончании работы необходимо освободить резиновую манжету путем возвращения рычажного механизма в исходнде положение.Для этого требуется сделать. _ кратковременное нажатие на рычажный механизм 11 по направлению к центру устройства и перевести освободившийся клин 14 в крайнее нижнее положение, после чего отпустить рычажный механизм 11, который беспрепятственно займет исходное положение.To remove the device from the vessel at the end of work, it is necessary to release the rubber cuff by returning the lever mechanism to its original position. _ briefly press the lever mechanism 11 towards the center of the device and move the released wedge 14 to its lowest position, and then release the lever mechanism 11, which will freely take its original position.

Применение рычажного механизма в устройстве для вытеснения газов из сосудов позволяет:The use of a lever mechanism in a device for displacing gases from vessels allows:

1. Сократить время, затрачиваемой на герметизацию горловины сосуда й закрепление на ней устройства до 1-1,5 с.1. To reduce the time spent on sealing the neck of the vessel and fixing the device on it to 1-1.5 s.

2. Упростить технику ручной работы при осуществлении герметизации и закреплении устройства до одного простого движения.2. Simplify the manual technique when sealing and securing the device to one simple movement.

3. Улучшить условия труда оператора путем сокращения времени нахождения его руки в зоне воздействия хладагента до 3—5 с.3. Improve the working conditions of the operator by reducing the time spent by his hand in the zone of exposure to the refrigerant to 3-5 s.

. 717483. 717483

4. Отдалить зону управления герметизирующими устройствами, а, следовательно, и руку оператора от горловины -сосуда в менее активную эону воздействия хладагента , т.е. до места управления рычагом, освободив полностью при этом другую руку.4. To move away the control zone of the sealing devices, and, consequently, the operator’s hand from the neck of the vessel into the less active aeon of exposure to the refrigerant, i.e. to the lever control position, completely freeing the other hand.

5. Применять рукавицу для защиты руки от ожогов во время герметизации и закрепления устройства в силу выполнения простейших движений для перемещения крупной детали (рычага).5. Use a mitten to protect your hands from burns during sealing and securing the device by virtue of the simplest movements to move a large part (lever).

6. Повысить надежность герметизации за счет прилегания манжеты к внутренней стенке горловины на большей площади и с большим усилием.6. To increase the reliability of sealing due to the fit of the cuff to the inner wall of the neck over a large area and with great effort.

7. Повысить надежность герметизации, за счет прилегания манжеты к внутренней стенке горловины, не подвергаю- щейся. повреждениям.7. To increase the reliability of sealing, due to the fit of the cuff to the inner wall of the neck, which is not exposed. damage.

8. Удлинить срок службы уплотняемой детали (манжеты) за счет увеличе- ' ния ее йассы и укрытия ее Концом в соприкасающихся деталях.8. To extend the service life of the sealed part (cuff) by increasing its mass and covering it with the End in the contacting parts.

9. Сократить время воздействия хладагента на резиновую манжету до приведения ее в рабочее состояние (до уплотнения) за счет повышения скорости герметизации.9. Reduce the exposure time of the refrigerant to the rubber sleeve before bringing it into working condition (before sealing) by increasing the speed of sealing.

Claims

I The inventive invention relates to a low temperature thermal engineering technique and can be used in science and technology for continuously or in portions supplying liquid gas or its vapors from Dewar transport vessels to cooling objects. Devices are known for transferring a liquid refrigerant from one vessel to another, where the displacement of the refrigerant in the empty vessel is achieved by creating an increased pressure therein. The necessary sealing of the released vessel is carried out by the use of rubber parts that use their own elasticity l. These devices do not provide reliable sealing, since they do not have pressure parts that act on rubber, do not have sufficient strength due to the fact that on the one hand, rubber parts become brittle at low temperature and, on the other hand, there are no parts that protect them from destruction. In addition, they are not convenient to maintain, because at the time of the seal establishment, the operator has to work with his hands in the zone of influence of the refrigerant coming out of the neck of the Dewar vessel. A device is known for displacing liquid nitrogen or its vapors from Dewar transport vessels due to the creation of elevated pressure in them. The latter is achieved by evaporating some of the nitrogen or using compressed gas. Said device comprises a feed tube with an electric heater, which is concentric with a sleeve with a rubber collar installed by means of a fixing element in the throat of the vessel, the fixing element holding the threaded parts 2. Such a device has a significant drawback, which is as follows. The threaded parts contained in this device make it necessary to spend a lot of time on their screwing, which is carried out to seal the neck of the vessel in the process of bringing the device into the working position; thus, on the one hand, the operator is inconvenient for the operator, his hands during the entire sealing process are under the influence of a gaseous or splashing refrigerant, on the other hand the rubber cuff comes in contact: | C.1 warehouseGate a little earlier than it: 1: 1 p6dv : Yarned compaction, rubbed at gradually its elasticity. The degree of hardening of the last nDit is directly dependent on the time of the active agent on it, which is not desirable for both the sealing quality and the integrity of the ring itself. The purpose of the claimed invention is to eliminate the listed non-; prosperity by changing the design of the device. This allows the operator to reduce the time spent on sealing the neck of the Dewar vessel when installing the device, to improve the working conditions of the operator, to improve the quality of sealing and to increase the reliability of the device. The goal is achieved by the fact that the fixing element is reduced by a lever mechanism and, in addition, the fixed element is designed as a sleeve and a support ring, a rubber cuff is placed between the second, and the lever mechanism is mounted on a pressure sleeve. The use of a lever mechanism allows the operator to install the device in one motion, i.e. by squeezing the wrist, to seal the internal Dewar vessel and at the same time fix the Hia device to it for 1 hour, which is generally 1-1.5 with. of time. The drawing shows a section of the device. The device consists of the head-end unit 1 and the supply tube 2, which is firmly connected to the AND, and has the lower end of the electric heater 3; The top horse of the delivery tube ends with fitting 4. The head part of the device contains sleeve 5, communicating in the upper part with hole 6. On the sleeve there is a rubber cuff 7, bounded on one side by a support ring 8, and on the other - a push sleeve 9. Rubber the cuff has conical endings on both sides, which are included in mating cones, ring 8 and pressure sleeve 9. This is done to easily enter and remove the lower part of the device into the neck 10 of the vessel and protect the cuff from damage. On the head part of the device is hinged. A lever mechanism 11 is fastened, the small arm of which has the shape of a fork, covers the pressing 9 from two sides and is with it with the help of screws 12 in a movable connection. A wedge 14 is located between the lever mechanism 11 and the screw head 13, which can move upward under the action of a spring 15 attached at the other end to the lever mechanism 11. A support 16 is attached to the side opposite to the head mechanism of the device. when mixing the lever mechanism 11. G (The M1 part of the device is also equipped with electrical leads 17.. Sealing of the vessel neck is carried out at the last stage of bringing the device into the working position e, i.e., first, the delivery tube 2 with the electric heater 3 at the lower end is introduced into the neck 10 of the inner vessel, which is full of liquid nitrogen. the part of the pressure sleeve 9 The limit of immersion of the device in the neck 1O of the Dewar vessel is the moment of contact of the short arm of the lever mechanism 11 with its upper edge. This is followed by a direct sealing, which is carried out by moving the top of the EU: TB large lever arm 11 to the center of the device. This is made by the operator for compressing the clenched wrist of his hand using the support 16. In this case, the lower small arm of the lever mechanism 11, covering the pushing sleeve 9 on both sides and having a movable connection with screws 12, will move it downwards, producing compression rubber cuff 7 in the axial direction. The latter, in turn, will be radially distributed under the action of axial compression and will close the annular gap between the inner wall of the neck 10 of the vessel and the sleeve 5. At the same time, sealing will extend over the entire height of the rubber cuff, and the rubber seal will be sufficient to firmly fix the entire device working position. At the same time, the wedge 14, under the action of the spring 15, is placed upwardly and will fill the space between the screw head 13 and the large lever of the lever mechanism 11, thus sealing the last one. In the process of sealing the throat of the vessel, there may be a slight movement of the device up (2-3 mm), which absolutely does not affect the degree of sealing, or the strength of fixing the device. Such a nepe iieifl & This can happen if during the process of inserting the device into the vessel's neck, the lower arm of the lever mechanism 11 comes into contact with the end of the neck 1O. To remove the device from the vessel at the end of the work, it is necessary to release the rubber cuff by returning the lever mechanism to its original position. To do this, it is necessary to make a short-term lever mechanism 11 towards the center of the device and transfer the vacated wedge 14 to the lowest position, then release the lever mechanism 11, which will unopple the original wreck., Use the lever mechanism in the device to displace gases from 6 vessels call: .. , 1. To reduce the time spent on sealing the neck of the vessel and. fixing the device on it to: 1-1.5 s.V 2. Simplify the manual work technique when sealing and fixing the device to one simple movement. 3. Improve the operator's working conditions by reducing the time spent for his hand in the Refrigerant Exposure Zone to 3-5 seconds. 4. Remove the control zone of the sealing devices, and, consequently, the operator's hand from the neck of the vessel into the less active zone of exposure of the refrigerant, i.e. to the place of control of the lever, completely freeing the other hand. 5. Use a mitten to protect the hand from burns during sealing and fixing the device due to the simplest movements to move a large piece (lever). 6. To increase the reliability of sealing due to the fit of the Cuff to the inner wall of the neck on a larger area and with great effort. 7. To increase the reliability of sealing, by fitting the cuff to the inner wall of the neck, which is not exposed to damage. 8. Extend the service life of the sealed part (cuff) by increasing its lAaccbi and covering it with the End in adjoining parts. 9. Reduce the time of exposure of the refrigerant to the rubber cuff before bringing it to a working state (before compaction) by increasing the sealing rate. Claim 1. A device for displacing gases from a vessel containing a supply tube with an electric heater concentrically placed a sleeve with a rubber cuff mounted by means of an anchoring element in the neck of the vessel, different in that the chain of increasing the reliability of the device and improving the working conditions of the operator Due to the simultaneous fastening of the pipe and sealing the vessel, the anchoring element is equipped with a lever mechanism. 2. The device according to claim 1, in connection with the fact that the fixing element is made in the form of a pressure sleeve and a support. The second ring, between which is placed a rubber cuff, .a the lever mechanism is placed on the push sleeve. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Journal of Instruments and Experimental Technique, No. 3, 1959, p. 154.

2.E. A. ANTONOV et al. Devices for cooling radiation receivers. ., 1969, p. 130.