SU7123A1 - Hydrometer - Google Patents

Description

In FIG. 1 schematically depicts a hydrometer; FIG. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-weights in various forms of execution; FIG. 7, 8 shows modified forms of making the upper part of the rod of the hydrometer.

The proposed hydrometer (Fig. 1) differs from the existing hydrometers (alcohol meters) equipped with additional sleeves, worn on the lower end of the rod 2 under the hydrometer housing and immersed in the liquid together with the hydrometer, in that the weights are put on the upper non immersion liquid, the end rod hydrometer. For this, above the scale O - and, near the upper end of the rod 3 of the hydrometer, a blow-up or side 4 is made, which serves as a support for the weights 5 which are worn on the end of the rod in the form of washers 5 or in the form of zero cylinders 6 (Fig. 5) or hollow ( containing ballast or low-melting alloy) glass rings 7 (Fig. 6).

When determining the density of the test liquid, the hydrometer lowers to it first without a weight, and then, if the tart O feature of the scale did not sink into the liquid, put the lightest weights on the hydrometer rod and replace it with more than successive weights before the liquid level within the scale O - n rod. According to the temperature of the liquid, the number of the weights and the report on the scale of the hydrometer, the specific weight of the liquid, or the percentage of dissolved substances, or the corresponding degrees, can be found using the tables attached to the hydrometer. Thus, the weights of the proposed hydrometer are not immersed in a liquid even with a large immersion of the hydrometer to the top of the scale, 1y, and therefore their weight remains unchanged, and the heterogeneity of the weights and their volume have no effect on the hydrometer. In the existing hydrometers with weights that are immersed in liquid, the weight of the ice in liquids of various densities (with immersions within the scale) varies; As for the influence of pi heterogeneity of the material of the girek, even small fluctuations in density (the material from which the weights are made are reflected in the correctness of the hydrometer readings.

The weights of the weights are calculated so that the immersion of the hydrometer from one of the weights until the level of the corresponding liquid A coincides with the extreme lower scale division increases to coincide with the level of the same extreme upper scale divide value, after replacing the superimposed weights of the next, more heavy, weights. Under this condition, denoted by the letter U the volume of the hydrometer to the lower scale division, by the letter v - the volume of the rod of the hydrometer from the lower to the upper scale scale, the letters S, 5 ,, S ;. - increasing specific gravities of liquids in which the hydrometer sinks to the lower scale division under load, more and more tons of weights with weights Pi, p, Pz,, 5 letter h - weight 1 cubic meter. water at a normal temperature, the letter P is the weight of the areometer, from the equations of the floating areometer (neglecting the effect of air and capillary) we find:

V-S, -h P. . . . I (V + v) -S, + p,. . II we get:

1 ± 1 „whether X - -R y- - p- or - -dr

from where

p, (X-1) -R.

In the same way, from the equations:

V-S, -h P + p. . . Ill

(Y + gO-5, + P2... IY P + v,... G we get:

p, (X - 1) P,

РЗ (Р-1) -Р

etc.

In this way:

PI: p2: P ,: ..- p „- (X-1): (A-1): vP-1): (), i.e. the weights of the weights will be proportional to the values of X - 1, 1 1, p 1, and so on. jr.,

where X is a constant value,

equal to the ratio of the volume of the areometer to the upper division and the scale, to the volume of the areometer to the lower division of the O scale. Comparing equations II III, IY and V, etc., we get:

Srf: Sj X; 5s Si X;

...five". . . ri i.e. specific gravities 5i, 8.2, .. S constitute a geometric progression with the sign V f + V

the manager A,

Depending on the predetermined specific densities of liquids S and 8 "for which a areometer is assigned, and the number of weights and - 1, which is chosen according to the required accuracy of the specific weights, from the last (VI) equation 5" S X is X,

and, therefore, the ratio is y,

necessary to calculate the hydrometer.

FIG. 7 depicts modifications of the hydrometer rod 3, consisting in that the rod in its upper part has a reduced diameter of 9, or a pull-out on a cone 10, or instead of blowing up, and the rim 4 is equipped with a non-pin hairpin 8. On the upper end of the rod of the hydrometer are wearing zigzag massive caps 12 (Fig. 2) or in the form of glass, hollow, containing ballast, caps 13 and 14 (Figs. 3, 4).

FIG. 8 depicts the upper end of a hydrometer rod with weights drawn on the queue at the cup 11, and the weights that make up the set, calculated by the weight of the hydrometer, have weight ratios proportional to X - 1, X - 1, X - 1, etc. .

The subject of the pathet.

1. A hydrometer with a set of upper weights, characterized in that the weights put on the upper end of the hydrometer rod in the form of massive bar marks 12 or glass, hollow, containing ballast, caps 13 and 14 are selected in such a way that their weights are proportional to X - one,

V + v

X -1

X

where .X -,

V is the volume of the hydrometer to the lower division of the scale and V is the volume of the rod of the hydrometer from the lower to the upper de. scale, so that the air filter, which is immersed in the corresponding fluid to the bottom of the scale, when loaded with one of the weights, sinks deeper, until it coincides with the level of the same upper scale dividing fluid, after replacing the superimposed glider next. more t yellow, weights.

2. The form of implementation of the hydrometer with a set of weights, characterized in paragraph 1, characterized in that the rod 3 of the hydrometer in the part that lies above the extreme upper scale and its scale is filled with a bulge or rim, which supports the arms that are put on the rod, and last washer 5,

or a type of hollow cylinder 6, or in d of glass containing ballast rings 7. 3. Modification of a hydrometer described in paragraph 2, characterized in that the hydrometer rod in its upper part has a reduced diameter 9, or is tipped off into a cone 10, what adaptations serve for weighting.

FIG. eight.

Fig1. Fig5.

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