SU705796A1 - The method of obtaining biomass - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to technical microbiology, to methods for producing biomass by converting gaseous hydrocarbons to a protein substance. Methods are known for producing biomes by cultivating a mixed culture of microorganisms on an aqueous nutrient medium containing sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and trace elements, in the presence of gas containing methane, and gas containing free oxygen. Natural gas is used as methane-containing gas, and atmospheric air or air enriched with pure oxygen is used as gas containing free oxygen. The composition of the gas mixture supplied to the cultivation stage is selected to ensure its explosion safety, and the spent gas mixture is recycled to the fermentation tank of the microorganism cultivation stage or used to generate the energy needed to replace at least part of the energy used in the cultivation stage. roorganisms As producers of proteins, either pure or mixed cultures of microorganisms capable of assimilating methane are used. The suspension of microorganisms obtained at the cultivation stage is preliminarily concentrated, for example, on centrifugal separators, and then finally dried in spray dryers in a stream of hot gas. A known method for producing proteinaceous substances, including the cultivation of microorganisms of the species Methylococcus capsulatusHa with an aqueous medium in the presence of a feed. as a source of carbon and gas containing free oxygen and elemental nitrogen, l. In this method, natural gas is used as a source of methane, and in As a gas containing free oxygen and elemental nitrogen, atmospheric air is used, which, if necessary, can be enriched with pure oxygen. The process is carried out at a pressure higher than a; atmospheric, for example, at a pressure of 0.3-0.4 MPa, and the amount of bound nitrogen supplied to the cultivation stage is less than the amount of nitrogen extracted in the form of crude protein, or nitrogen in a bound form not served at all. Next, the suspension of microorganisms is treated in any known manner. The disadvantages of this method include the low degree of methane utilization, which, in accordance with the data on gas flow rate, process productivity and yield factors for mefan and air, is 37% of the amount of methane supplied. In addition, the gas flow rate of the o-, mixture, due to the need to reimburse part or all of the microorganism's need for nitrogen, which is not supplied in a bound form, leads to an increased energy expenditure during the microorganism cultivation stages. The purpose of the invention is to intensify the growth of microorganisms by increasing the degree of use of gaseous hydrocarbons to at least 90% and reducing the pollution of the environment. This is achieved by growing the mixture of cultures of microorganisms 2 at a pressure of 9-40 kg / cm, and thickening the microbial suspension is carried out at a pressure of 1-30 kg / cm by flotation with gases desorbing from the suspension from the growth stage. At the same time, for growth in an aqueous nutrient medium, microorganisms of the genus Wethylococcus, Methylosinus and Flovobacterium are used. . The flow of the culture medium returned after the isolation of microorganisms is 80% of the flow of the liquid phase entering the growth stage. FIG. Figure 1 shows a functional diagram for the production of proteinaceous substances from gaseous hydrocarbons, proposed by cnoco6oMf in Fig. 2, a diagram of the explosiveness of methane-oxygen mixtures that are inoculated with an inert gas. The essence of the proposed method is as follows. A mixed culture of microorganisms / containing optional methylotrophs capable of assimilating methane homologs is grown in stage 1 of cultivation on an aqueous nutrient medium containing a source of aeote, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and trace elements in the presence of gaseous hydrocarbons and oxygenated gas. The cultivation process is carried out with ZZ-ZO s, while the pH of the culture medium is maintained in the range from 4.0 to 6.0 with a concentration of mineral nitrogen 50-150 mg / l and a concentration of mineral phosphorus 50-100 mg / l. The cultivation process is carried out at a pressure above atmospheric in the range from 1.1 to 40 kg / cm. At the same time, the volume concentrations of oxygen and methane in the gas phase of the cultivation process are chosen so that, in accordance with the explosive diagram of methane-oxygen mixtures, inhibited with an inert gas (see Fig. 2), the gas phase of the cultivation process is ensured for the appropriate pressure, t . the point corresponding to the composition of the gas phase should be sue indicated in the diagram of the area of explosive mixtures. The recirculated gas phase is purified from carbon dioxide, which is liberated during the biosynthesis process at the purification stage for maintenance. constant volume concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas phase of the cultivation process. The continuous cultivation of the mixed culture is carried out at a dilution ratio of 0.15 to 0.25 h, and the concentration of solids in the culture medium and the productivity of the process depend almost linearly on the pressures at which the process of cooling is carried out. Suspension of microorganisms Stage 1 cultivation enters stage 3. Pre-condensation, where partial flow pressure occurs, resulting in a solution of the gases in the culture medium stripping the liquid from the liquid phase and partially and From the microorganisms themselves, the transition into the gas phase takes place in the form of particles finely dispersed in the culture medium, due to the float of which the flotation of microorganisms occurs and the associated microorganism enrichment of the upper liquid phase. Due to the repeated decrease in pressure in a part of the cells, envelopes occur due to too high a rate of pressure decrease. At the same time, the biologically active substances contained inside the cells are transferred in the active state to the culture medium, a part of which, after the separation of microorganisms, returns to stage 1 of cultivation and is used for stimulating the growth of microorganisms. I Absorbed in stage 2 purification, the carbon dioxide of the biosynthesis process and the accompanying components of the gas phase. Stage 1 of the cultivation is mixed with the desorbing gases in stage 3 of the preliminary condensation with the spent gas phase of stage 1 of the cultivation with a db total amount of gas containing gaseous hydrocarbons with atmospheric air for obtaining a combustible mixture, which is burned in stage 4 of obtaining a high-temperature heat transfer medium. The high-temperature coolant obtained at stage 4 with a temperature of 1200–1300 ° C is mixed with a. Atmospheric air on. stage 5 to obtain a drying agent J with a temperature of 290-350 s, which is used in stage b to finally dehydrate the thickened suspension of microorganisms and to obtain dry protein substances with a moisture content of 5-10%. PRI me R. A mixed culture containing optional methylotrophs is grown in stage 1 of cultivation in a fermenter having a volume transfer coefficient of at least 800-900. The cultivation process is carried out on an aqueous nutrient medium containing sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and trace elements, at a pressure in the fermenter of 9 kg / cm, while the temperature is maintained in the range from 38 to 40 ° C by supplying a cooling agent to heat exchangers. the fermenter, and the hydrogen concentration of onbv in 1 gu1: turel medium is maintained by automatically feeding an 8-10% solution of ammonia water at the level corresponding to the pY, which is in the range of 5.5–5.7. The components of the mineral feed are fed to stage 1 of the cultivation in a water solution containing .1 l of the following amounts of mineral food sources: 2.5 tvin 1.0 g MgSO; 1.25 g KCg; 0.015 g ZnSQ f 0.05 rMnSO j 0.10 CUSO.1; 0.03 g NZVO .; 9.15 Fe5O4 0.0022 g MoO2Hi O; 0,0024 g COCO 7H20. In this case, the residual concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the culture medium is maintained, ranging from 80 to 120 mg / l, and inorganic phosphorus - ranging from 70 to 9O mg / l. Natural gas is used as a gas containing gaseous hydrocarbons. %; 95 methane, 2.5 ethane, 1.0 propane, 0.5 butane, 0.5 carbon dioxide, 0.5 nitrogen. As the gas containing free oxygen, use process oxygen composition,%: 95 oxygen, 5 nitrogen. The volumetric concentration of oxygen and methane in the gas stream at the inlet of the fermenter is 10 and 18 vol.%, Respectively, which makes it possible to bring the degree of recirculation of the gas phase, i.e. the ratio of the recycled flow to the BceMi gas stream exiting the fermenter to 0.995, and ensure, in accordance with the explosive diagram of methane-oxygen mixtures, inhibited with an inert gas (see Fig. 2), the flammability of the gas phase in cultivation stage 1. A mixed culture of microorganisms used as a product.

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7657916 cents of proteinaceous, с6дё1 жит: regional methylotrophic species; Methylbc; occus. caipiBUlatus, Methylpsinus trichosporiumf Methylosinus sporium, mainstream cystropytes that are part of a mixed culture of microorganisms that can be assimilated by the goiologists of methane, are related to, in general, K1A6 act erim gas tgpsi gthycht gsi, tsihp, etc. |) The ccrBs B growth of the samovia microorganism is 0.15 h. The productivity of the stage 1 cultivar for a fermenter having a 1300-1500 4V mass transfer rate is 7.2 kg DIA / m. h (when the concentration of dry substances in the culture medium is 48 kg / m of absolutely dry substances (DIA). At stage 2 of the purification, the recycled water absorption in the column with liquid is recirculated from the carbon dioxide gtrtj / TSM formed during the biosynthesis process At stage 5, pred1Gyo YTel Ybte sgu-1ChCH microorganism 8 pb is given in the lower part of the apparatus, and “neylm-7” 7fr: frpdgrc b o-ygoye-i-schsch-; which decreases the pressure; slurry flow. 1 | Й1нГ 6 6 6 Й Й ЙЯШШШ № ее ее е е е е е е е ат ат ат раствор ери раствор dissolved in a coolant medium ase in the form of finely dispersed 1§ W ayoN aktora a1to direct movement to see the mn ate ™ 6o r HeWH 1 Kpd6praHif3M6B, which they have fluid layers; Condensed to a concentration of 180,200 kg / m3 (ASV) suspended liquid, liquid layers; The bottoms are transferred to Stage 4 for p, to 7 W.SW | 51Soopening by drying in a gaseous drying stream. , -. "Fe" ..:, - J1, agent. Bottom of the drying agent 200 nm / T DIA of natural gas and 4000 DIA of atmospheric air are mixed with 200 DIA gas consisting of carbon dioxide ga, from stage 2 of gas cleaning, desorbing Raids at stage 3 of pre-concentration and exhaust gas of stage 1 of cultivation and burned in the furnace The operation of stages 5 to obtain a high-temperature heat transfer fluid, which is then mixed with 26,500 nm / T sat of air at the stage b. At the same time, 32700 HMVTCB drying agent with a temperature of 280310 ° is obtained, which is not necessary to obtain 1 ton of dry biomass with 5-8% -Y capacity at stage 4. The proposed method of obtaining protein substances from gaseous hydrocarbons allows increasing the degree of transformation of the latter into protein substances by at least up to 90% while ensuring the explosion of the gas phase of the process of the cult of ShkVaYi ykroorganizmov. When §1G ° CG yskhoDuets 10% yoyoShoatmosfernogo 1voeDuha Elder agent in the preparation, since part of the air required to adjust the .peratury flue gases to a temperature of a drying agent, is replaced by carbon dioxide, avshiye images in prtsosse biosynthesis that dirtiness ambient umonbgaaet environment. The use of carbon dioxide formed in the process of biosynthesis, Dip1GluchuNi drying agent leads to a decrease in the volume concentration of oxygen in the gas phase of the process from 13 to 11% by volume, which increases the explosion safety of drying and contributes to the preservation of vitamins and biologically active substances in the finished Product.

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