SU70029A1 - Psychrometer - Google Patents

Description

The subject matter of the invention is a psychrometer with a differential thermometer replacing wet and dry thermometers.

According to the invention, for the purpose of direct reading of a definable quantity, the psychrometer is equipped with a cylinder with tables or curves on it, which are set in the slot of the scale depending on the absolute air temperature.

A distinctive feature of the invention also lies in the fact that in order to use the same instrument for measuring humidity, specific gravity of air, etc., it uses a set of replacement cylinders.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the proposed device; in fig. 2 - table for determining / determining air humidity; in fig. 3 -; - a diagram graphically depicting the table shown in FIG. 2

The psychrometer (Fig. 1) consists of a conventional thermometer 5 divided by 1 ° and an instrument that detects the psychrometric difference in the form of the difference in pressure of vapor of boiling water.

fluid, expressed in milli years of mercury. This device is a U-shaped tube, the upper ends of which end with the curved cans / and 2, partially filled with boiling liquid.

The lower part of the U-shaped tube is filled up to half the height with mercury 4. The entire space between the meniscus of mercury and the surface of the liquid in the cans is occupied by vapor of light boiling liquid.

With equal temperatures of both cartridges and the fluid enclosed in them, the vapor pressure in both cartridges will be the same, and therefore, the mercury in both bends of the U-shaped tube will be at the same level. Lowering the temperature of one of the cartridges will cause a corresponding discrepancy in the levels of mercury in the knees of the U-shaped tube.

There is a strict relationship between the pressure of the vapor saturating the space above the mercury and the temperature. Therefore, the magnitude of the difference in levels of mercury in the right and left knees of a U-shaped tube

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No. 70029 should correspond to a certain temperature difference between the right and left cartridges. If the left barrel is wetted and the right barrel becomes dry, then the magnitude of the difference in mercury levels in the U-shaped tube will characterize the amount of psychrometric difference. The magnitude of the psychological difference at a given temperature characterizes the relative humidity of the air. It is not hard to compile a label that binds at a constant temperature: 1) relative humidity, 2) psychrometric difference, 3) difference in millimeters of mercury levels in a U-d6 different tube. Below is an exemplary table compiled for a temperature of -J-34 ° C and a liquid is sulfuric ether. The numbers on the plates show that at 34 ° C the magnitude of the difference in the levels of mercury in the instrument fully determines the relative humidity of the air. For example, a level difference of 0.0 mm corresponds to 100% Humidity; equal to 26.0 mm - 93%; the discrepancy is 51.3 mm-87%, etc. For convenience, it is not possible to take the entire amount of discrepancy of mercury levels in the U-tube, but only a decrease in one knee, then the value will be two times smaller, respectively. Such a plate can be represented graphically as a vertical line, laying on top of it the BHHS in millimeters on top of the magnitude of the decrease in the level of mercury in the right knee and becoming the corresponding values of the relative humidity of the air. FIG. 1, next to the u-knee of an LI-shaped tube, is the scale plate 7 (for 35 ° and sulfur ether). Similar table tablets can be made for any temperature, for example, in the range from + 50 ° to -J-15 ° C every degree, and by combining such label scales, you can get a summary scale-tdbt face, as shown in FIG. 2 ../ If in this table we connect the NOIs of a curve to all the points corresponding to the same humidity, then the diagram shown in FIG. 3. A diagram (Fig. 3) or a scaled table (Fig. 2) is glued on an Hk cylinder of the appropriate size. In the instrument board (Fig; 1), a slot 6 is made along the right knee of the U-shaped tube, for example, 1 cm wide, respectively, the width of the individual plate-scale and length; to the lower end of the U-shaped tube. The cylinder is secured at the back of the slot 6 so that when rotating. the lindra passed all the elementary scale-plates (Fig. 2) or any .. verkalnaya temperaturny line diagrams (Fig. 3). The use of the instrument is as follows. On the spray / put on cambric chech. Water is poured into the vessel 3 and the device is placed in the place where it is necessary to determine the humidity of the air. To determine the humidity, the observer sets the temperature on the thermometer 5, then rotates the cylinder with the diagram or table so that the clearance appears vertically. kalnaya line, corresponding to the temperature of the thermometer, and then on the level of mercury in. The right knee of the U-shaped tube directly counts the value relative to the humidity of the air.

The choice of fluid for filling the device depends on the amount of temperature variation in the room where the device is to be used. Thus, sulfuric ether can be successfully used in the device for determining the humidity of air at temperatures from 4-16 ° C -} - 50 ° C. If it is necessary to determine the air humidity at higher temperatures (for example, in firing tobacco dryers from + 25 ° C), liquids with a higher boiling point should be used, for example carbon disulfide (boiling point 46 ° C), hexane (boiling point 58 ° C) , and vice versa.

Tables and charts should be compiled for each fluid, but a chart compiled for a fluid, such as sulfuric ether, is suitable for any instrument with sulfuric ether.

We have described charts and tables to determine the relative humidity of air, but according to the same type, you can make charts and tables to determine the absolute humidity, moisture content, specific gravity and heat content of air.

A set of interchangeable cylinders with such tables or diagrams allows one device to determine absolute and relative air humidity, its moisture content, specific gravity and heat content.

Subject invention

Claims (2)

1. A psychrometer with a differential thermometer replacing dry and wet thermometers, characterized in that for the purpose of direct reading it is equipped with a cylinder with a table or curves applied on it, set in the slot of the scale depending on the absolute air temperature. 2. A psychrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to use the same instrument for measuring humidity, specific gravity of air, etc., a set of replacement cylinders is used in it. / "/ / Y i f f f f f f f f, 5 - I I, I, „„ I „„ 1.. “M Ljan4.W94.K74.  r FIG. 2 t-; ;