SU67574A1 - Water Softening Machine - Google Patents

Description

Diminishing seawater for its use in powering boilers, evaporators, distillers, and the like, is still a task, the resolution of which presents great difficulties. The use of the soda-lime method of grinding has a significant effect of cooling, but it is associated with a high consumption of chemicals (about 2 kg of lime and 4 kg of soda per ton of treated water). The soda-lime method of water softening is practically not applicable due to the large consumption of chemicals, especially since the size of the equipment is very significant. The need for great care for such chemical water treatment also (Prevents its use.

The cationization method can be used to soften seawater, but its design has not been completed and has not received industrial verification. In addition, this method is associated with highly qualified equipment maintenance and can only be applied to IB large installations that can be provided.

ikkvalifitsirovannym personnel and the observation of the water chemist.

A so-called thermocontact method was also proposed, which consists in heating sea water through a special filter filled with altsi sulfate, as a result of which part of the gypsum drops out when heated, and the supersaturated gypsum solution is destroyed, the passage through the calcium sulfate layer separates on it Excessively dissolved sulfate. This method is practically difficult to apply due to the fact that the sulphate filter is quickly clogged, its resistance increases and it requires recharging. To eliminate magnesium salts, this method requires preliming, preheating of water and bulky septic tanks. The present invention proposes to soften seawater by another method that differs from all previously proposed methods. The method consists in the fact that in front of a boiler or another apparatus consuming seawater, a special damper is installed, whose work is based on

preheating water using a mixing preheater, destroying supersaturated calcium sulphate solutions by passing the solutions through a suspension filter and subsequent additional precipitation of sludge remaining after the suspension filter in a special apparatus.

The drawing shows schematically; one of the possible constructions is the gchitel mind of the proposed type. The mind of the doughter works on the following. Seawater under pressure of the corresponding pump through pipe 6 passes in preheater 5. The latter consists of a casing in which a series of heating cylinders 4 are inserted, forming its surface. A jet of water from the nozzle strikes a special outlet 5 placed on the heater lid or on the internal cylinder of the preheater is sprayed and irrigates the heating cylinders 4.,

On the surface of the cylinder of the preheater, water forms a film that falls down. Steam 7 is supplied to meet the water, heating the water to a temperature close to boiling. When the water is heated, the gases dissolved in it are released, so that this heater is also a deaerator at the same time, which is not found in any of the previously proposed methods.

The heated water releases salts of temporary hardness and part of the gypsum. A supersaturated gypsum solution flows V.NIZ through tube 2 and enters the suspension filter. The suspension, a zion filter is made either cylindrical or conical, depending on the composition of the seawater and the vapor pressure in the apparatus:

When a suspension filter is introduced into the conical sump, water rises upwards, and oversaturated solutions are released and the resulting sludge, both sulphate and carbonate, is expanded: From the suspension filter (conical or cylindrical) water or directly to the boiler or, in the case of increased requirements to water, it comes in for additional clarification to a special sludge settler. The latter consists of a tank / with a row of plates, the passage between which, at an appropriate rate, the water gives up its sludge, descending along the plates down the body of the apparatus through annular gaps between the plates and the body of the apparatus. The resulting sludge is removed by blowing through the appropriate valves 8. The smoked and clarified water is taken through pipe 9.

In cases where there are more demands on water and it is necessary to get rid of magnesium salts, lime is fed into the apparatus, either directly into the heated water, or into the heater, or downstream of the suspension filter.

Due to the increase in lime, magnesium salts precipitate in the hydrophilic magnesium salt, and calcium oxide is converted to calcium sulfate, which precipitates as sludge. The slurry is retained by the suspension filter and the water is finally clarified.

If the residual calcium sulphate content in softened water does not satisfy consumers, then soda can be added to the stifling apparatus along with lime. However, in the case of using the proposed apparatus, the amount of added soda can be quite small, and instead of 4 kg consumed with the lime-lime soda limestone method, it is enough to add 50-150 g. The amount of soda can be further reduced when using boiler or evaporator blowing .

The described intelligent machine performs several functions:

1. It is a deaerator, as a result of which it cannot have a place of equipment corrosion (oxygen, carbon dioxide).

2. Removes temporary hardness in the form of carbonate sludge from water.

3. It produces a significant part of gypsum due to the heating of water and the decrease in the solubility of gypsum.

4. Destroys supersaturated gypsum solutions by passing them through a suspension filter.

5. Increases the resulting sludge, as a result of which the size of the equipment is significantly reduced.

6. Due to the high water temperature and a significant decrease in viscosity, sludge deposition is greatly facilitated, as a result of which the size of the apparatus is greatly reduced.

7. When lime is used, magnesium salts are precipitated from the water, as a result of which the equipment is corroded by these salts, and due to the high temperature in the apparatus, the entire reaction is very rapid.

8. When using a small amount of soda, a deep abatement of the treated water is obtained, and again, due to the high temperature, the reaction proceeds quickly and the conditions for sludge deposition are facilitated.

9. With increased requirements for cleaning the water, the dish-shaped apparatus, having a muffler in the muffler, very completely cleans the treated water from the residues found in the sludge.

In addition to sea water, this apparatus can also be used for fresh water (such as pre-Bass), containing a large amount of its soluble calcium and magnesium salts.

Subject invention

A thermal water softening device, consisting of a tank with a heating device and a sump, characterized in that the heater 3 with a nozzle 6 for water supply and a fitting 7 for steam inlet is provided with a number of vertical heating cylinders 4, heater, plate 5 and a device, for example, tube 2, for directing heated water to the bottom of the tank.