SU67370A1 - Letterpress Telegraph - Google Patents

Description

The disadvantage of the existing direct-printing radio-telegraph devices is their weak protection against interference. Interference on radio links often makes literal printing impossible at all, or requires complicated devices to provide it.

The Verdan method, which is one-sided, since it protects either from fading or from interference, on the one hand, it slows down the transmission significantly, reducing the telegraph communication channel’s transmit power, and on the other hand, it does not provide complete reliability, since after three repetitions, remain if the disturbance (or fading) was long lasting.

In order to ensure complete reliability of operation and eliminate distortions when wiring over any communication channel, it can be before. This method is false: the signal is transmitted by a combination of five pulses of two polarities (for example, a Bodo code). At the receiving end, the combination is adopted by an ion - relay non - rotating distributor. The same distributor controls the correctness of the received combination.

The principle of control is based on the following assumption: any kind of interference (fading) may result in its effect on the transmitted combination, either the loss of a part of the pulses or the appearance of new ones. The likelihood that, under the influence of interference, any pulses that change their polarity, and the total number of them will remain equal to five, is very small. Therefore, the distributor circuit counts the number of pulses in the received combination: if their number is equal to five, the combination is accepted correctly, if the number of pulses is more or less than five, then the combination is distorted.

After each correctly received combination, the distributor sends to Lia an automatic acknowledgment signal, perceived by the transmitter, as confirmation of the correct sign acceptance. If the combination is received with distortion, then the acknowledgment signal is not sent and the transmitter automatically repeats the transmission of the combination until it receives such a signal from the receiver. At the time of repetition, the keypad of the transmitting apparatus is automatically locked, making transmission to the line of the new mark becomes impossible. During normal operation, for example, on the ST-35 apparatus, approximately 0.140 seconds is devoted to the transmission of each character. During this time, it should be possible to transmit the combination, accept the acknowledgment signal and, if necessary, do at least one repetition, since the keyboard delays that are too frequent, with distortion of the signal during the first transmission, would greatly irritate the telegraph operator. If we were to use the line for two-, threefold transmissions, the time for transmitting one letter would also be reduced accordingly. The transmission of one pulse occurs five times less than a full letter. It is clear that the use of conventional electromagnetic relays for mapping the transmitter and receiver distributors is not possible for two reasons: a) the timing parameters of these relays will not be able to provide the necessary conditions; b) the size, construction and cost of the relay are large (they will require about 40-50 pcs.). A completely different effect can be obtained using ionic thyratron relays. The response time of the thyratron (igniting it) is from 1 to 50 microseconds, the deionization time is 5. 10 -5. 10 sec Moscow's management capacity is about tenths and hundredths of microwatts. At the present level of lamp technology, the dimensions of these thyratrons can be reduced to very small sizes. Structurally, tiratrony are very simple, cheap, require almost no maintenance. Thiratrons with a very low filament current and completely free of powder have already been developed. For all the above considerations, the ion relay, the thyratron, was chosen for the apparatus described below. The present invention relates to a direct-printing telegraph apparatus with transmitting and receiving thyratron distributors, operating with a code composed of a conventional multi-letter, for example, five-digit code and two current pulses of different polarity (plus and minus), which are an acknowledgment signal. These signals are automatically transmitted after each code signal, serve to check the correctness of reception, and are used to activate the repetition transmission scheme with a distorted code signal. According to the invention, in order to provide undistorted transmission over any communication channel, for example, over a radio channel, a transmitting distributor serving to send code pulses and receiving acknowledgment pulses consists of: a) a thyratron pulse generator regulating the frequency of the transmitted pulses; b) an acknowledgment receiver having three thyratrons: one is preparatory, the other is for receiving positive and third-minus pulses of an acknowledgment signal; c) several — by the number of code points — the cascades of thyratrons controlled by the keyboard. Each cascade consists of two thyratron-code, sending to the line when the key is pressed corresponding to the code of the positive or minus current pulse, and an auxiliary, preparing the ignition circuit of the next code thyratron. The receiving distributor of the telegraph apparatus serves for receiving code signals and transmitting acknowledgment signals. It consists of: a) a receiving three-position relay of three thyratrons, one of which is ignited when there is no current in the line, and the other two respond to current pulses of the corresponding polar g (plus and minus); b) a handshake transmitter, which has a wide range of thyratrons, two of which record the correctness

receiving the code signal and bringing the remaining thyratrons into action for transmitting the acknowledgment pulses to the side of the transmitting station;

c) several - by the number of code signs - thyratron cascades. Each stage consists of three thyratrons, two code (for receiving plus and minus current pulses) and one auxiliary, preparing the following cascades for action.

The circuits of the positive thyratrons of the telegraph apparatus include the windings of the combination electromagnets, which control the decoder mechanism of the apparatus. - In the telegraph apparatus, a multiple transmission was applied with the number of code stages in the transmitting and receiving distributors equal to the number of machine folds turned on so that the next krat code tiratrons came into effect after the last auxiliary thyratron triggered in the previous one.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing; in FIG. which is shown in principle, and in FIG. 2 - skeleton diagram of the apparatus.

The telegraph has two thyratron distributors: receiving and transmitting.

The receiver also monitors the correct reception of the combinations. Relays - thyratrons of this distributor include decoding electromagnets of the printing mechanism. Between the line and the receiving distributor there is a receiving linear relay of very high sensitivity, which can be very easily controlled within arbitrarily wide limits. The receiving part also includes a handshake transmitter, consisting of two thyratrons sending to the line (the combination "-} -" - when the letter combination is correctly received.

The letter combinations are sent in line by the transmitting distributor. , Uprah about 6737.0

- five

It is a keyboard. To control the frequency of the pulses being sent, there is a pulse generator, whose own frequency can be changed in the desired limits. The transmitter part is an acknowledgment receiver. If, after the transfer from the distributor, the alphabetic combination is not acknowledged, then the alphabetic combination is sent to the line a second time, and so on, until the acknowledgment signal is received.

Transmission is conducted from a conventional keyboard (for example, a CT-35 type).

As a result of the interaction of the parts of the encrypting mechanism, the contacts K are moved to the right or left position (in Fig. 1 only three are shown instead of five).

At the same time, the bridge contact M (key K is closed) at the time of shunting in the circuit of the auxiliary thyratron GGVS grid resistance. From this, the potential on the grid rises to the ignition of the TG c. Due to the fall of the anode voltage on R gws, the potential on the grid of the thyratron — TG pulse generator — increases, and it is ignited. Since its anode circuit is shunted by suitably selected inductance and capacitance, the thyratron begins to pulse with a certain frequency. At the same time, positive impulses are applied to the grids of code thyratrons 7 / Ci, 2, 3 with resistance Rg. Since resistance R is shunt; then the TC is prepared for ignition (the potential on its grid is higher than that of the generator and TC) —It is ignited at the first pulse. At the same time, due to the fall of the anode voltage on the resistance R, the potential on the grid of the auxiliary TV thyratron increases and the latter ignites, and the tilting capacitor C discharges and quenches TC.1. A voltage drop increases the potential on the G / Ca grid, prepared it for ignition, and at the second TG pulse it will ignite, extinguishing THE through Cr, and through Rz it ignites HVA. The latter quenches TK.Z and prepares the G / CsV depending on the position of the contacts / Ci, 2.3 the anode current of the code thyratrons passes through either through the g. From this, pulses of one direction or another are sent to the line. The third TG impulse ignites the G / Cp. At this, the TV extinguishes, the TV ignites, and consequently, the TKzGVz extinguishes through the TP repeater ignites. The circuit of Rfi and C- slows down its ignition. If the received combination is sent correctly at the receiving station, then the answer signal will be given an acknowledgment signal. The thyratron TBs, on fire, prepares the first (positive) thyratron of the YG / Ci receiver to acknowledge the signal. If the response pulse is received by a linear relay, then TIJKi will turn on, preparing TUKs, which will come on from the next (negative) pulse. In this case, the tipping capacitor Co will be discharged and all the previously burning thyratrons (in this case TGVS) will be extinguished. TP is no longer ignited. The distributor is ready to send the next combination. HJ / SA will go out by itself. If the response combination was not sent or distorted, then TPK.2 will not light up and after some time the TP will light up, which through GO will redeem the TPK if it is already lit. A positive bias will be given again to ignite the TB and to prepare the G / C, which will ignite at the first pulse TG, TK will extinguish (via capacitor Cg) the TP. The code combination will be sent again. At the receiving station, the pulses are received from the line by a three-position polarized three-way relay. AB and BS are the power sources of the anode and grid circuits. In the absence of current in the line, the thyratron of the HRS is lit. When a pulse arrives at the resistance R, a positive pulse is applied either to TPi or TPz, depending on the direction of the pulse. When TPi or TP-2 is ignited through the tilting capacitor C, it quenches the TPZ and at the same time its grid is locked until the end of the pulse. At the end of the pulse, TRz ignites and, via C, extinguishes the previously burning TPi or TPz. With the resistances Ri, Rz, Rs, impulses are sent to the distributor thyratrons. At the first ignition, TPi (TP) ignites one of the first TP thyratrons, -} - (TP1 -). Through the resistance of C.E., (Rni), the ignition of the separation unit 7U7i is prepared. When igniting, TRz ignites and TD, prepares for ignition (GP + and TPZ -. One of the latter ignites at the second pulse, extinguishes TD1 through a capacitor and prepared in sequence ignition TD2 - TPZ + (SGL -) - GDz - and. If the line gave distortion in the form of an extra (fourth) pulse, all 7R4s will ignite and all the previously burning thyratrons go out through the capacitor Co.The response of the acknowledging signal will not be sent and the receiver will be ready to receive the same combination again. TUI - TDG - GDs from the middle Their resistances / Rg - are sent igniting pulses to the tilting thyratron TO. However, its ignition slows down by a capacitor. Hundred. If the combination is broken on the second pulse, then the voltage c will light up the TO. burnt thyratrons. Acknowledgment signal will not be sent again. The transmitter will repeat the combination. TODS extinguishes itself. he will come for Perth and does not light up. At the same time, the TPZ prepares the ignition of the thyratrons of the acknowledgment signal transmitter. TO lights up and ignites TPO, the latter ignites

TnOz. In the line will be sent through Rli and l2 impulses «+ and« -. TTIOz extinguishes TnOi.

The TP + positive receiving thyratrons include combinational electromagnets / Sz, the windings of which are connected in series in the anode circuit. These electromagnets move the combination rulers of the decoder mechanism (for example, type ST-35).

For the receiver and transmitter scheme described above, the transmission time for receiving one alphabetic combination is normally no more than 0.2 milliseconds, while the interval between letters when typing is 0.14 seconds. Thus, this interval can be filled with several gears - krats. The crates are combined as follows: the full completion of the transfer of the combination is characterized by the ignition of the TPKg. In this case, an impulse is sent from the resistance Rg, which opens the transmission from the next coolant, etc.

Also at the reception: when igniting G / 702 with resistance /, l, an impulse is given, which opens reception at the next crater.

No additional sync devices are required.

The operation of the thyratron relay can be slowed down and work on one crater without repeating, i.e., without transmitting and receiving an acknowledgment combination. The frequency of work in this case will be the same as that of a conventional apparatus, for example, ST-35. Checking the correctness of the received combination by the receiving distributor will give the opportunity to print an error sign when the combination is distorted.

This method will also give a fairly high protection against distortion of the transmitted text in

whole .;

The above scheme is designed for simplicity for a three-digit code. By the same principle, it can be supplemented with two more (or more) cascades in accordance with the accepted code.

No. 67370

Subject invention

Claims (4)

1. A letter-printing telegraph with transmitting and receiving thyratron distributors operating with a code composed of a usual equilateral letter, for example, a five-digit code and two current pulses of different polarity (plus and minus), which are an acknowledgment signal that is automatically transmitted after each code signal serving to verify the correctness of the reception and to activate a transmission repetition scheme with a distorted code signal, characterized in that, in order to ensure undistorted transmission over any channel In communications, for example, by radio, the transmitting distributor, which serves to send code pulses and receive acknowledgment pulses, consists of: a) a thyratron pulse generator regulating the frequency of the transmitted pulses; b) an acknowledgment receiver having three thyratrons: one is preparatory, the other is for receiving a positive, and the third is a minus impulse of an acknowledgment signal; and c) several - according to the number of code symbols - cascades of thyratrons, controlled by a keyboard and consisting of two thyratrons each - a code one, sending to the line by pressing a key the corresponding code of a positive or negative current pulse, and an auxiliary one preparing the ignition circuit of the next code thyratron . 2. A telegraph apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving distributor, used for receiving code signals and transmitting acknowledgment signals, consists of: a) a receiving three-position relay of three thyratrons, one of which is ignited when there is no current in the line, and two others respond to current pulses of the corresponding polarity (plus and minus); b) an acknowledgment transmitter having six thyratrons. two of which fix the pr, avilnost of reception of the code signal and activate the remaining thyratrons for transmitting acknowledgment pulses to the side of the transmitting station; and c) several — by the number of code symbols — of the thyratron cascades, each consisting of three thyratrons — two code (for receiving positive and negative current pulses) and one auxiliary, which prepare the action for the following cascades. 3. A telegraph apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the windings of the combination electromagnets controlling the decryption mechanism of the apparatus are included in the circuit of the positive thyratrons. 4. The telegraph apparatus according to claim 1-3, characterized by the use of multiple transmissions with the number of code stages in the transmitting and receiving distributors equal to the number of machine's folds turned on so that the codeboard of the subsequent crash will come into effect after the last auxiliary tirantron in the previous krate. 7 Lg 67370 C-, S