SU64890A1 - Device for measuring optical density and cloud thickness - Google Patents

Description

The subject of this invention is a device for measuring the optical density and thickness of clouds, in which, as in the known devices for this purpose, the measurement is carried out using a photoelectric indicator; in the latter, the photocell is located in a dark field and is illuminated by scattered light from mist particles entering the IB field of the light beam. A distinctive feature of the proposed device is that for remote transmission of readings the photocell switches on the discharge circuit of a capacitor charged periodically through the time relay contacts and an electron tube controlling the relay turning off the power of the radio transmitter so that he managed to discharge and the lamp remained locked, and if there was a chaSTI / C tu1man (a - raar zales with a speed corresponding to optical density, causing the lamp to open and the operation to stop transmitters are for the corresponding period of B | belt.

The foregoing summary is explained in further more detailed description and drawing, which shows a circuit diagram of the proposed device, hereinafter referred to as a "ceilometer.

On the black marked; 1 - a ceilometer camera through which the medium passes; a medium is studied, 2 - BHiyipl ribs of the camera that prevent daylight from being inwardly in 1kame: ry provided free access tud) outside air, 3-bulb, 4 -, 5 - photocell, installed in a dark field, 6 is an electronic lamp, 7 is a transmitter lamp, 8 is a heat battery, 9 is a pressure receiver, 10 is an ear beam for light, 11 is an anode battery, 12 is a high frequency, 13 is a relay, 14 - a ray of light, 15 - an antenna.

During each cycle, which lasts about 5 seconds, the clock mechanism opens almost simultaneously for a short period of time (about 0.2 sec. In duration) (contacts ki and fea. During this period, the ky capacitor C is charged by the anode battery 11 through the internal resistance section “The grid is a filament of lamp 6, which is small for charging current.

Next contacts 1 and 2 are closed and the lock is closed for 4.8 seconds, after which their next opening occurs. Since when the contact ki is closed, the potential difference between the plates of capacitor C is applied between the grid and the filament of lamp 6 in such a way that the "minus is fed to the grid, therefore, the anode current through the lamp b immediately after the contact closure ki does not pass, because it instantly it is locked by a large negative voltage on the grid and remains locked until capacitor C is discharged. But the discharge of capacitor C can flow predominantly only through the photocell 5, since the resistance Zchayetka grid — the lamp thread b for discharge current is very large. Since the resistance of the photocell 5 depends on the magnitude of the illumination on it, then the time of discharge of the photocell depends on the illumination of the photocell. The operation of the ceilometer is set such that, in the absence of a cloud, the illumination on the photocell is so small that the C-e capacitor has time to discharge in 4.8 seconds. and the next successive opening of the contact / ei leads again to the charge of the capacitor C and, after closing the contact ki, to the next supply of negative charge to the grid of the lamp 6, which thus remains locked until the illumination on the photocell will increase. While la.mpa 6 is locked, the relay 13, included in its anode circuit, cannot work; 1 track, contact k, through which the anode of the transmitter lamp 7 is powered, remains closed and the transmitter is working, sending a continuous signal to the air.

When | 0bda1kome; p gets into the surrounding medium, the particles of the cloud, the passage in the direction shown by the arrow a, move through chamber 1 and, falling into the space of the light beam 14 generated by the incandescent lamp 3, scatter part of the light. The diffuse light enters the photocell 5. At the same time, the photocell illumination increases so much that capacitor C can discharge in less than 4.8 seconds, and lamp 6 is unlocked before applying the next negative pulse to its grid.

As a consequence, the relay 13 is activated and breaks the contact s and the transmitter ceases to generate. The transmitter's silence will continue until the next opening of the contacts ki and fe, i.e. until the next charging of the capacitor C, after which the next negative pulse is applied to the grid of the lamp 6 and the whole process repeats again.

It is obvious that the duration of pauses in the operation of the transmitter will be the greater, the faster capacitor C discharges, i.e., the greater will be the optical density of the cloud. Chamber 1 is arranged in such a way that the external medium easily penetrates and blows through the air duct formed by the fins 2, while daylight cannot penetrate inside and, therefore, does not affect the operation of the device. This provides the ability to work ceilometer as day and night. The beam of light 14, passing through the chamber 1, falls into the trap 10, where it is absorbed by its black walls. Due to this, the initial illumination on the photocell 5 (i.e. the illumination on the photocell in the absence of a cloud) is very low and the sensitivity of the ceilometer is rather high.

From all that has been said

WHAT:

1. The appearance of a pause in the signals of the ceilometer radio transmitter indicates the appearance of a cloud in the instrument chamber.

2. The pause or signal duration between two successive pauses is a measure of the optical density of the cloud. In order to measure the optical density of clouds, it is not necessary to measure the duration of received signals using a clock on the ground. The need for clocks on the earth is eliminated by the fact that the clock