SU63653A1 - Method of laying shelter belts - Google Patents

Description

The well-known and practiced method of laying forest shelter belts, which is used for simultaneous planting of shrub species in areas designated for forest belts, has a number of drawbacks.

 It is known that forest shelter belts are laid in arid areas. In these areas under the cover of loamy soils, at a depth of 15-25 cm, as a rule, there is a compacted horizon with a high salt content.

The insufficient thickness of the soil layer and the excess of salts interfere with the applicability of tree species, increase their growth and reduce their durability. Growth of trees in the worst conditions is reduced to such an extent that they acquire a shrub form with the longest, mostly skeletal roots, spreading along the border with the compacted layer.

Under such conditions, tree species exist for 20–30 years, reaching a height of 1.5–2 m. It is clear that with a slight height the protective forest belts cannot justify their assignment, and between

however, it is in drylands that these bands are needed.

The proposed method of laying is intended to eliminate these drawbacks and consists in the fact that, in order to plant the seedlings on the soil, which is structurally clean from weeds, the iodine planting site is pre-sown with a mixture of perennial grasses and the planting of tree species is carried out .

 A mixture of multi-grassed herbs increases the soil's structure, therefore, the water permeability of the soil will increase quantitatively and in depth, and this will lead to leaching of the subsoil. Soil breathability will improve. Grass plots intended for planting forest belts will emerge under the best forest conditions with clean weeds. According to the proposed method, the areas intended for laying of shelterbelts are preliminarily sown with grass mixture and marginal shrubs.

Shrubs are planted with seedlings and one row from each edge of the strip at a distance of 0.50-0.75 m. Breeds of shrubs are selected inedible for livestock. In places where there is no danger of shredding shrubs, one can use one-year breeds in accordance with local conditions, for example, currant of zo. will bear fruit

The distance between the shrub rows is taken in 7 or 10 m, i.e., as wide as the forest belts are laid. At this width, it is quite possible to work on grass mixture with horse guns.

The grass mixture is composed of perennial grasses, of which the most appropriate mixture is alfalfa and zhitnka.

Soil preparation is applied for grass mixture, established for the given area. Grass sowing is not allowed if the soil is not completely weed free.

For planting shrubs, soil preparation is sufficient for planting grasses. It is more convenient to plant shrubs after sowing grass, but without delay. If it happens, then the seedlings should be stumped before planting.

The method, norms and time of sowing grass mixtures remain accepted in the area. Haystacks shrubs are planted in micros with a depth of 25-30 cm. Pits dig at the time of planting and moist loosened soil is dumped on their bottom. For planting, the roots of seedlings, are straightened out and tightly sealed with moist earth, on top of a 5-6 cm layer of dry, loosened earth. By filling this layer, the root of the neck of the seed is cleared from the ground and should be 1.5-2 cm below its surface.

Caring for shrubs should consist in the destruction of occurring weeds and loosening the soil to a width of 0.5 m. Grass care is accepted in the area.

Shrubs are designed to hold the snow - drifting snow and to prevent the snow falling from above between their rows from blowing off. Consequently, areas of grass that are encompassed by dalp bushes will receive additional moisture due to the accumulation and preservation of snow.

Being the precursor to the wind, which increases evaporation in the ground by the surface of the soil and plants, the shrub rows will reduce evaporation, at least in a strip with a width equal to 10 times their height.

Herbs from the plots can be used for hay or green mass.

Between rows of shrubs, grass can grow without replanting over a 4-6 year period. During this time, significant changes will occur in the soil and subsoil layers, which are very favorable for the subsequent laying of tree-shrub forest belts.

From the impact of a compact and powerfully developed root system, the living soil acquires an improved structure; deep alfalfa roots will reduce compaction of the subsoil. As a result of root activity in the soil and subsoil, the water-air regime will improve: their moisture permeability and moisture-holding capacity will increase, breathability will increase; and, furthermore, as a result of an increase in moisture permeability, the salt content will decrease.

Successful growth of shrubs grass will not interfere. Therefore, starting from the end of the first year of their existence, they replace part of the snow collection boards.

Plots of grass will come out clear of weeds, with fully developed undergrowth rows of shrubs. After turnover of the reservoir and annual evaporation for moisture accumulation, the plots will go under the bookmark of shelter deserts.

Improving the water-air regime of the soil and subsoil, clearing the soil from weeds, restoring the soil structure with reduced compaction of the subsoil, the presence of growing shrub trees will: reduce planting rates - it will be more widely used for planting seedlings fruit breeds - this will increase the economic value of forest belts; to reduce the concern of collective farms for the protection of lanes. Moreover, under these conditions, the drop in plantings should be reduced to a minimum, and, undoubtedly, their growth will be greater. The subject of the invention is a method for laying of shelter forest belts, tl and h and s, and ii so that, in order to plant tree seedlings on the soil structurally and without weeds, the area under planting is pre-sown with a mixture of perennial grasses and planting tree species are produced after the grass mixture degenerates.