SU63044A1 - Grain Sorter - Google Patents

Description

The proposed device for sorting grain is intended to separate the grain that has been crushed from the non-broken one, to sort the raw material of the finished cereal by quality, and also to separate the impurities from the grain that are different from the grain by physical properties.

This separation is made due to the differences in the elastic properties of the divided materials, the nature of their surfaces, shape and volume weights. Machines are known for such a separation, in which the working body — the table with the mixture on it, along the next to it — is divided into reciprocating motion, and for most of these machines this movement is linear. On the most simple basis: these kinds of machines are so called “Paddy-1 maschines.” These machines, however, have very low productivity, require significant energy consumption, take up a lot of space and cause a lot of trouble during operation, due to unbalanced system. In addition, the separation of grain occurs iB them not accurately.

Also known sorting machines, in which the desktop with

the corrugated surface receives a circular motion in the horizontal plane.

In the proposed device, a corrugated table receiving circular movement is mounted in the frame of the machine with an inclination to the side perpendicular to the movement of the product and equipped with races placed on the side, above the located side of the table. These races are made in the form of paired plates arranged; at an acute angle to each other and at an obtuse angle to the working surface of the table and to the side wall of the latter. The lower edges of the race plates are made according to the shape of the surface of the corrugated table. The inclination of the table can be adjusted by using that of the other known device.

In FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the working body - a corrugated table with a reference number right; overboard; FIG. 2 - longitudinal section; two, placed one on the other, desktops; FIG. -work table in the plan; FIG. 4: - vertical longitudinal section of one of the two maschine bodies along

KLMNOP in FIG. five; FIG. 5 is the same body in the transverse to the first vertical section along QRST on:

FIG. four; FIG. 6 is a front view of the entire machine; and FIG. 7 is a side view, partly in vertical section.

In the proposed device, the reef table is made in the form of two surfaces I, II (Fig. 1) and a threshold separating them 2. Surfaces I, II are a series of steps, and surface I о is formed by steps of greater length and has the slope directed to threshold 2, 31, surface II is formed by steps of smaller length and its side edges are horizontal. The table also has a blunt side slope perpendicular to the movement of the product, so that the left edge of surfaces I and II is higher than their right edge (here, as in the following, the left and right sides, the beginning and the end of the table surface are considered in the direction of movement of the main product). This movement is indicated by a solid arrow nl fig. 3. From the sides, the surfaces of the 1 & P are limited by the sides 4, and from the front and rear ends there is an outlet w, they are trays 1 and 8 and 12. The right side has a metal plating. The table thus arranged is equipped with a series of races 5 and 7 attached to the left side of the table. The races 7 are located with some h; ashora m above the steps of surface I, perpendicular to board 4 and represent a plane. Racing 5 is made in the form of paired plates located at an acute angle to each other and at an obtuse angle to the working surface of the table and to its side wall. The bottom of race 5 fits snugly to the steps of the surface II.

The left side of the table has a receiving bucket 10, along which the product to be divided is placed on the table.

 During operation, the table makes a circular translational motion, with the composition approximately in the horizontal plane. The material enters the table on the inclined bottom of the bucket 10 and is distributed by a layer of a certain thickness along the surface of the table. Under the influence of continuous circular motion, the material begins to divide into component components.

Since the unbreakable grains, due to the presence of a smooth elastic shell (husk) and a smaller bulk weight, have greater elasticity and their surface has a much lower friction coefficient than that of the crushed grains, the material is distributed in thickness with the bottom surface. basic.m, three layers. In the bottom there are particles or grains that have the greatest friction coefficient and the greatest volumetric (specific) weight, i.e., broken grains, smoother and more powerful; not the least broken grains pass to the upper layer; the intermediate layer consists of those that did not succeed in separating those and other grains with a predominance of unbroken grains.

With circular motion, these components, due to the presence of the benches and the longitudinal inclination, gradually slide to the exit, especially the broken grains. At the same time, the grains of the upper and partly middle layer hit the reflective wall of the right side 4 and, due to the side slope of the table, heading for the races, bounce off them and, not in direct contact with the bottom steps, are thrown back to the right side board. As a result, the paths of the Unbroken Particles are sharply distorted, and they, in a sheath, move in the opposite direction to the overall longitudinal tilt of the table.

Thus gradually lowering to the front of the table, the unbroken grains of the upper layer carry along with themselves a part of the collapsed grains from the middle and partially lower layer, overcoming the resistance of threshold 2 and the steps of surface I. However, further, under the influence of friction, collapsed gorny, thanks to greater adhesion to the step and the lower specific gravity than non-broken, under the action of the steps and the inclination of the surface I still

slide down; The unbroken grains, hitting the port side and about race 7, continue their movement to the top exit.

The whole process is greatly facilitated by the fact that, due to the oblique impact of the grains on the race and the reflective surface of the bead 4, more elastic unbroken grains jump and pull out to the surface, the transition from the lower and middle layer to the upper one.

In addition, a significant percentage of the upper layer of grains, wave-likely splashed as a result of this combined influence of the reflective surface of the board and the races, and, hitting the level of the upper part of the table, is reflected by them in the direction along the channel. As a result, the upper layer is actively moving towards the upper exit of the table.

FIG. 3, the arrow shows the direction of the grain flow entering the receiving bucket 10 and a further solid line — the resulting trajectory of movement of the lower vanes, i.e., collapsed, and the dotted line, the trajectories of the upper vanishing grains, i.e., unbroken.

As seen in FIG. 3, the grains of the lower layer, even being entrained in part I of the table, do not reach the upper exhaust channel, but, describing the loop, turn back and join the common flow that leads to the lower outlet; the grains of the upper layer (the unwrought product) first move downward with the total mass of the grains, but then, having finally broken loose, the upper layer moves in the opposite direction: they reach the upper exit in the front of the table.

Several such tables are located under each other, forming a vertical column. Four of these columns are combined into a common body with a rigid frame; There are two such bodies on each machine.

Each of the bodies is enclosed in a metal frame - frame 21. The front and rear walls of the frame

equipped with spikes along the median longitudinal line of the body, which passes approximately through its center of gravity.

Using the fingers, the bodies are pivotally suspended to the crossbars 22. The angle of rotation of the body and, consequently, the inclination angle of the stepped surface of the tables is controlled by turning the flywheel 9 connecting the free ends of the screw rods I. The cross member 22 is suspended by means of cables 3 with its ends. thrown over the blocks 13 and their free ends are fixed on the crossbar.

For supplying the material to the tables on the fixed frame of the machine, bunker 6 is fixed above each body. Each bunker has two receptions according to two sections of the body. In the bunker, a pin 14 is placed, carrying rotary blades and serving to distribute the product evenly along the length of the bunker. In the bunker there are two valves 16 and 17 regulating the flow of the product and a feeding roller 15. The movement of the valves is controlled using flywheels 18. From the bunker along the sleeves 20, the product enters the bodywork. The number of sleeves corresponds to the number of sorting, located in height, body sections.

The product enters the body through the hole 19 and falls on the distribution grid, and from it into the distribution channels. From the channels, the product enters the buckets of the W of tables, guided there by means of guides 25 and 26.

After sorting, the impurities and undisturbed grain (the so-called "upper gathering) descend from the front end of the table and enter the common vertical channel 27. Channel 27 ends with a neck on which a flexible sleeve is attached. The collapsed grains (the so-called "lower gathering) descend from the rear end of the table and enter the common channel 28.

Each body has two sleeves for exiting the upper vanishing and two sleeves for the lower vanishing. The drive of the machine is carried out

from the transmission 29 through the intermediate transmission 30 And the counterdrive 31.

To regulate the number of circular oscillations of the bodies of the machine, two parallel bevel pulleys 32 are introduced into gear. From the driven conical pulley, the gear goes to a pulley 33 wedged on a vertical shaft 34.

Shaft 34 BOTTOM: skipped in a box, fixed | U on the cross member of 22 bodies. An eccentric 35 and two balancers are placed at the lower end of the shaft. With the help of an eccentric and cable hangers, as the shaft rotates, a circular oscillation of the tables is achieved. In order for the shaft 34 to swing, its upper end is mounted in a radial-axial chest of ball bearings.

Preface MI of the Invention 1. A device for sorting grain, made in the form of a corrugated. D

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A table that receives a circular motion, characterized in that the table is installed with an inclination to the side, perpendicular to the movement of the product, and is equipped with races located on the side, above it is located on the other side of the table.

2. The form of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclination of the table can be adjusted with the aim of one or another known device.

3. The form of the device according to claim 1, wherein the races are made in the form of paired plates located at an acute angle to each other and at an obtuse angle to the working surface of the table and to the side wall of the latter.

4. The form of the device according to claim 1, that is, ai with the fact that the lower edges of the race plate are made in accordance with the shape of the surface of the corrugated table.

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