SU63031A1 - A device for excavating the bottomhole well and removing it from the well - Google Patents

Description

To unload the soil in the manholes and caissons, devices consisting of a branch paiMbi around the vertical axis of the scraper was proposed. In such devices, pred, uslt;

A soil removal trailer, for example, a hydroelevator, the pipe of which is located in the middle and serves as the axis of rotation of the scraper frame, which is hinged to the pipe.

The main disadvantages of these devices are, first of all, the fact that the cutting of the soil with each scraper must be carried out with the tavgenic movement of the latter. This circumstance causes the occurrence of large bending .MO-cops in the main frame elements, and, consequently, the device is too thick. In addition, the conditions of raking up the cut soil to the center | to the conveyor belt is very difficult.

The invention relating to devices of the indicated type is intended to eliminate the noted disadvantages. The main distinctive feature of the pre-packed device is that the scrapers are mounted on the frame with the possibility of their radial movement to the central pipe and back with the aid of the mechanisms designed for this mechanism.

In FIG. 1 I13 depicts an approximate con: structure of the device in a vertical section; FIG. 2 - the lower part of the device in the plan; FIG. 3 - AB equalization in FIG. one; FIG. 4 and 5 - piping sections with blocks for the passage of supporting gland (in two projects); FIG. b - section through EG in FIG. one; FIG. 7 - view of the DE on. one; FIG. 8 - IR equalization in FIG. one; . 9 - joint of pipe links in a vertical section; FIG. 10-further section of a part of the scraper pisiMbi with the extreme left position of the scraper (the moment of the start of movement to the right); FIG. 11 - the same with the extreme right position of the scraper (the moment preceding the switching of the valves); FIG. 12 - the same (the moment of the beginning of the movement cnpa-iia to the left); FIG. 13 - pa; h; cut on LM. in fig. ten; FIG. 14 is a flow chart of air or water through dispensing valves; FIG. 15 and 16 - mechanism - device rotation

(side view and in llane); FIG. 17 is a general view of the device during operation (BeipTHKaabHbifi is well-equipped); FIG. 18 - the TYPE of the device in the time of raising its well chamber; FIG. 19 is a diagram of the arrangement of devices in the u-coal well in pshane; FIG. 20 is a vertical section of the well when it is converted into a caisson.

At the very bottom of the well there is a chamber, similar to the chamber of KessoN, but with a sloping ceiling and a steeper incline of the inner edges of the console (the limit of the angle of the upper section of the console). Attaching the lower edge of the ceiling due to the need; and the need to remove the device from the chamber after the completion of the work and the desire to achieve close tight concrete filling the chamber to the body of the well. Perhaps a steeper slope of the inner H1Ix edges of the consoles is desirable from the point of view of the greatest possible approximation of the scraper device to the foundation contour. At the top, to an extent, open sha-hty adjoin, the number of which is equal to the number of installed devices. Mines have a rectangular outline in Nshana. The dimensions of the sides P1p of the mogon are taken to be minimal, and the donated free engaging devices after the end of the pai6oT. The small dimensions of the shafts make it possible to achieve the maximum weight of the well in the process of its immersion and to avoid, thereby, prematurely wedging it when the ground is rubbing against the side faces.

From above, the mines are closed with removable metal covers 1 (Fig. 1), the position of which is fixed by four anchor bolts (at the corners of the cover) and the lower bordering corners attached to the lid and entering the passage shaft. In the center of the lid there is a hole, along the contour of which is a welding ring 2 is welded. A lid rotation mechanism is mounted on the lid.

At the bottom of the shaft, a guide is placed, resting on the fingers 3, embedded in the masonry. The cage consists of the guide tube 4 (Figs. 1 and 3), to which four straps 5 are welded, which are arranged along the diagonals in rectangular sections. x mine. The length of the rasnorok allows free removal of the stand simultaneously with the extraction device after completion of the work; for this purpose, short fingers 6 protruding into the pipe are provided in the upper part of the guide tube 4. The guide tube 4 and the winding ring 2 ensure that the vertical axis of the device is permanently positioned in the work process (prevent the lower end of the device from being deflected to the side).

The vertical barrel of the device consists of a central pipe 7 — a slurry pipeline and two pipes of smaller diameter 8 and 9 located on the sides of the main pipe. The pipe 8 is intended to supply pressurized water or compressed air to the hydraulic elevator (air-lift) 10, and pipe 9 to supply pressurized water or compressed air to the scraper.

Such an arrangement prevents the pipes 8 and 9 from wear and reduces the turbulence of the pulp movement, which is inevitable with the axial arrangement, due to the need for the withdrawal of small pipes from the main pipe in the upper part of the projectile.

The desire to reduce the turbulence of the movement of the pulp throughout the slurry pipeline has led to the use of a hydraulic conveyor with an annular supply of pressurized water. Such a design of a hydraulic elevator makes it possible at the same time to use it as a mechanical airlift chamber if, according to local conditions, it is more expedient to bring the entire projectile into action not by the pressure water energy, but by the energy of compressed air.

FIG. 6 that the pipe 8, feeding the hydraulic elevator (airlift),

water) is supplied to the valve KG. The other two are designed to remove exhaust air (water) from valves 32, and 33 into the space between pipes 21 and 34. All three clalans are connected at the ends by means of disks 35, to which latches 36 are welded and conical springs 37 are attached.

The switching of the valves takes place under the action of the springs 37 and is carried out as follows.

 When the scraper approaches one of its extreme positions, the corresponding cylinder cover touches the spring 37 and starts it. At the same time, the valves retain their position, because the movement of their IB on the etching and movement of the scraper is prevented by the latches 36, which abut their ends against the end face of the coupling 38, which connects the pipe 21 of the right and left part of the rod. The movement of the scraper and compression of the spring continues until the mMeiHTa until the ring 39, which is welded to the cylinder head, touches the knockers 36 and, having overcome the resistance of the springs 40, does not break; it snaps sideways. At this moment, the action of the spring 37 causes instantaneous switching of the valves, the direction of entry and release of air (water) changes and the scraper begins to move in the opposite direction. FIG. 14, the solid arrows show the direction of the air (water) movement when moving the scraper from left to right and the dotted arrows - from right to left.

The mechanism of rotation of the projectile (Fig; 15, 16) is mounted, as already noted above, on the top cover that covers the opening of the tongue. Due to the fact that the rotation speed of the device is small (about 1 rev / hour), a simplest mechanism was used to perform this operation, allowing you to create a sufficiently large rotating play and a vimest-C 1 allowing vertical movement of the device relative to the cover 1 when the drawdown of the well. On the lid 1, two cylinders 41 with pistons and outwardly protruding rods 42 are fastened. Cables 43, envelopes of unmovable blocks 44 and fitted with "ribs 45" are attached to the ends of the rods. The drum of the drum 12 has holes (not shown in Fig. 15). The cylinders 41 are connected to each other by a pipe 46, which is connected to a main line through a triple tap, supplying compressed air or pressurized water from a compressor or pumping station.

Laying the hooks 45 into the corresponding holes of the drum 12 and setting the triple valve to the position corresponding to the air (water) inlet of the cylinders 41, it is possible to create a torque on the center pipe axis without any side pressing of the pipe on the lid 1. Pe, cutting the mechanism This is done by turning the triple edge to the position corresponding to the release of air (water) from the cylinders, drawing out the rods and laying hooks into other holes. The recharge frequency is determined by the ratio / m of the drum circumference to the effective piston stroke in the cylinders.

The reactive moment arising during the operation of the mechanism is transmitted to the masonry by means of a bordering corner 47 welded to the lid, having a rectangular outline in plan, in accordance with the cross-section of the well pit.

The described device can be used in sinking wells as a circular outline in the plan, and rectangular. With the rectangular outline of the well (Fig. 19), the unselected areas of soil remaining at the corners cannot halt the process of lowering.

After the completion of excavation, the device rises from the chamber of the well through its shaft (Fig. 18) and the lower part is filled with underwater concrete to a height that allows subsequent

pumping; WATER.

Taking into account the limited radius of action of concrete supply pipes with large foundations, it should be necessary to install additional pipes in the body of the masonry that are intended to pass through them the concrete "rubbing | rub. If necessary, these pipes can also be used for loosening, unsuitable ground areas.

Between the working shafts through which the scrapers are installed, there are inspection shafts 48, designed to descend into the diver’s chamber, if necessary to inspect the bottom or bottom of the scraper.

During the transition to work under compressed air, the ground-level mines are used to install sluice devices above them (Fig. 20). For this purpose, anchor bolts should be laid along the perimeter of the mine holes, at the top of each section of the masonry, to secure the sluice device. In this case, 1 it is possible to do without the installation of mine pipes (provided that the mines are well blocked from the inside by pacTBOipOMi or stalled). A ladder for descending people descends into the mine before the apparatus is installed and is attached to two vertical bars, embedded in the masonry.

When switching to work under compressed air, the working mines are plugged from above with concrete plugs 49. It should be noted that the scraper is adapted to changing the working conditions (changing the width of the foundation) by changing the length of the brush and cylinder with the help of inserts.

For this purpose, both the rod and the cylinder are made composite.

Prev e of the invention

Claims (3)

1. A device for excavating and lowering the well from the well, consisting of a scraper frame pivotally around the vertical axis, hingedly attached to the central pipe of the hydraulic elevator or a similar transport: that serves to lift the soil supplied to the scraper pipe KaiMiH, characterized in that that, the scrapers are installed on the frame with the possibility of their radial movement to the central tube and back by means of mechanisms designed for this purpose, with the aim of improving the conditions of scraping paiMbi and direct scraping of soil and to a hydraulic elevator pipe or similar conveyor. 2. The form of the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the scraper frame is made in the form of a pipe 21 serving as a piston rod 22 of a cylinder 23 with scrapers 24-26 for moving the scraper together with this cylinder . through the pipe (rod) 21 using compressed air or pressure water supplied to the right or left cavity of the cylinder 23. 3. In the device according to claim 1 and 2, use a mechanism for turning the device about a vertical axis consisting of a drum 12 connected to the central pipe 7 and hydraulic sludge of pneumatic cylinders 41, the rods of which are connected to bending. gami 43, fastened with the drum 12. when approaching the latter, it branches out and directs to the annular attachment at two diametrically opposite points. For ease of installation, the main pipe 7 and the supply pipes 8 and 9 are connected to each other within individual links; This is achieved by passing small pipes through the holes in the flanges of the heads of the pipe and welding them to these flanges (Fig. 9). The lateral support of the barrel on the guide tube 4 is provided by an annular gasket 11 clamped between the flangers of the tube 7; The outer diameter of the gasket is 11 "several times the outer diameter of the flanges. For supporting the trunk on the upper leveling ring 2, barayi 12 is used, the main purpose of which is to transfer the shaft the torque generated by the mechanism mounted on the lid 1. Above the drum 12 is placed a DOUBLE stuffing box (box) 13, allowing the entire lower part of the device (together with the baragban 12) to be kept at a fixed position of the upper knee 14 and the main supply pipe (hose) 15. The latter, when approaching the projectile, splits two lines. One line 16 connects pressurized water or compressed air to the stuffing box 13, from which water or air flows through regulating valves into pipes 8 and 9; the second line 17 supplies normal water or compresses the air to the cylinders of the rotation mechanism described below. Pulp, after leaving the bend 14 enters the tray and is discharged to a place intended for dumping soil. In the lower part of the central pipe (below the hydraulic elevator - airlift 10), there is a suction cup 18, facing the scraper with a suction opening. The central pipe ends at the bottom with a three-beam baking powder 19 (Fig. 2) and a screw tip 20. The purpose of the caster 19 (as well as the tip rigidly connected to the drain) consists in loosening the soil in the middle circular area located outside the area of the scraper . The tip provides movement of the entire projectile in the direction of the vertical axis; the shaft during its rotation and transfer to the ground of the reaction, equal to the traction force of the scraper (fixing the lower end of the stack against movement in the horizontal direction). The scraper frame consists of a tubular brush 21 with a piston 22 and a cylinder 23, fitted at the ends and in the middle with scrapers 24, 25 and 26. The rod 21 is hinged at one end to the trunk, and from the other end it is supported by a 27 consisting of two cables , the envelopes of the blocks 28 and fixed at the level of the top of the bar-a1bana 12 (with the help of CLUTCHES mounted on the cables). Through the flanges of the pipe 7, the cables pass through specially provided holes for this purpose. Changing the position of the clutches and lengthening or shortening the length of the m r 27, you can turn the scraper around the blocks. 28, "replaces its angle of inclination to the horizon. The installation of the clutches is carried out before the start of the lowering and after each regular growth of the trunk during operation. In the half of the brush closest to the grommet and the droelevator inside the main pipe 21 there is a second pipe 34 of a smaller diameter. Compressed air or pressurized water flowing through the pipe 9 passes through the flexible connecting hose 29 and the middle pipe of the rod into the piston 22 and with the help of the distribution valve device enclosed in the latter, are fed alternately into the right and left cavity of the cytotype 23, as a result reciprocating motion along the brush. Switching valves, the device of which is described in more detail below, is automatically pressed on, the corresponding cylinder cover. Exhaust air is squeezed out of the cylinder and flows through the gap between the inner 34 and the main pipe of the rod 21 and the connecting flexible hose 30 - in the mixing chamber of the airlift; waste water is squeezed out: also on the rod 21 in the camphor well (the hose in this case is disconnected from the hydraulic elevator). The hose lines 29 and 30 are designed so that when the device is removed after the end of the ipaSoT, the stem 21 can stand upright (Fig. 18). When the cylinder 23 moves along the rod, the Skrebki 24, 25 and 26 develop the ground under the scraper soil and scoop it up to the suction side, the central tube opening. Subsequently, the loosened soil is entrained by the currents of water sucked in by the hydraulic elevator (air-lift), and in a mixture with water is discharged to the pipe 7 to the outside. For the purpose of scrubbing the soil, the latter is given a conical shape, preventing the soil from being grabbed when the scraper moves from the center. The rear scraper 24 differs in its shape from the front 26 and the middle 25. This scraper has a cone shape, worn at its top towards the center of the device, and when mixed (Ii from the center will rake up some amount of soil to the walls of the well. Thus Ime in mind, prevent the free end of the scraper frame from contacting the soil. Raking a certain amount of soil to the walls of the well does not entail harmful consequences, as the ground itself, as it accumulates near the walls, will fall off and fall s in vygrabotki scraper. When the device is evenly turned around, the scraper is razra1 & the soil within the ring area, with contoured radii, equal to the maximum removal of the cutting edge of the rear scoop and the minimum removal of the cutting edge of the middle scoop. Within the central circle, the ground is developed by the ripper 19 (accepted the arrangement of the ripper rays in the plan makes it possible to extract the projectile after completion of the work at the miviMial width of the cross section of the shaft. At one complete turn of the device, a layer of soil is removed, the thickness of which is equal to the pitch of the screw-tip tip 20. The soil is grabbed by the scrapers' own weight. The weight of the scraper should be as large as possible, especially when working not on pressure water, but on compressed air, as in this case the weight of the scraper decreases. In a working design, it is necessary to draw attention to the sufficient resistance of the rod to bending in the horizontal plane under the action of B1 of the torque applied to the drum 12. The bending moment, however, will be comparatively small due to the fact that the cutting force is directed radially. When the scraper is working, the stem works in favorable conditions, as it is stretched. Squeezing force arises stock only when the scraper is idling and cannot reach a large value. The scraper distribution valve assembly, (Fig. 10-14) is as follows. (As already noted above, compressed air or water is supplied to piston 22 through pipe 34 enclosed by internal rod 21. In the piston there are three channels directed parallel to the axis of the rod. Three tubular valves are inserted into these channels (Fig. -14). The first valve 31 serves the air (water) inlet alternately into the right and left cylinder cylinders. The second valve 32 releases the working air (water) from the left cylinder cavity when the scraper moves from left to right. The third valve 33 releases the exhausted air (water) from the right scraper and from right to left. In addition to the three channels in which the valves move, there are three radial channels in the body of the piston. On one of these channels is compressed air YOU yeshdsh ( FIG. five 3 / SHIGE f, m FIG. 14 3 / ngi 33 f4l FIG. one to the author's certificate number 63031 FIG. 16Fig. nineteen ShiPZ Ed. Editor D. A. Mikhailov L45649. Signed for printing on 18 / IV 1945. Circulation: 500 copies. Price 65 k. Zak. 24 Printing house Gosplanizdat them. Vogyuvsky, Kaluga FIG. Tech. editor M. S. Bondarev 20