SU619502A1 - Lubricant for abrasive working of natural minerals and synthetic superhard materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of osema- nous substances, the materials used by Ari, and the processing of non-superhigh materials, in particular, synthetic diamonds and minerals {of natural origin.

Various lubricants are used to facilitate the processing of natural MEEnérapes and to make tools from synthetic materials (diamonds, elbor) and 1 high surface cleanliness.

At present, the process of grinding, sharpening diamonds and jewelry stones is carried out either dry or with one water; or aqueous solutions of potassium: or sodium nitrate, or technical oil AAS.

It is known that for treating a cyrubine a, solutions of different coshrationation of skis with alcohol or solutions of monovalent metal bisulfates in water are used. L. However, these ipH lubricants are treated with superhard synthetic materials, which do not accelerate, they do not provide the required purity,

surfaces in insufficiently protect the treated from.

Also known is a lubricant, which is a suspension of powders of low-melting metals, recommended for drilling high and heat resistant steels. As the basis of lubrication use mao-. a base mixed with a co-melted metal powder or a metal alloy containing 25% lead, 12.5% tin, 12.5% cadmium, 5O% bismuth (alloy B yes) 2.

However, this jCMa3Ka does not contribute to the acceleration of the process of pretreatment of parts from superhard materials, for example, such as diamonds, elbor, and does not provide sufficient purity of the resulting surface, and also insufficiently prevents the destruction of the workpiece. The reason for this is a strong warming up in the surface to be treated, which results in large mechanical stresses & and which lead to the formation of tr & In addition, low-melting powders melt even at high temperature (6 ° C-80 ° C) and cannot provide the necessary protection for the acting diamond grain of the diamond wheel. Due to excessive sticking on the surface of the diamond billet of particles of the material being removed, uneven large stresses arise on it which not only reduce the surface finish of the billet, but also lead to cracking, the purpose of the invention is to accelerate the processing of superhard natural and synthetic materials at the same time increasing the purity of the treated surface. To achieve this goal, the lubricant additionally contains anionic or ionic surfactants, rosin or its derivatives, and as metal powders, the lubricant contains blemishes of metals with mp. 5OO-800 ° C. The composition of the lubricant, weight. %: Powders to etallov with t. Il. 5QO-900 ° C5-10 Anionic or non-ionic surfactants20 24 Rosin or its derivatives0, 1-0.5 Oil on base up to 100 As an oil base, use non-drying, fatty oils that have a density at 2O ° С 0.910-0.931; ecocity at 2O ° C 9-15-e, for example, olive oil, gorchishee, rapeseed or mineral oils, having a density at 20 С О, 86 О, 891 and a viscosity according to Engler at 50 ° С 1.5-3.3 Э , for example, spindled, industrial, aviation MG-2O. The proposed lubricant is prepared as follows. shimm way. Aluminum powder is suspended in the oil phase. Instead of an aluminum powder, j of which is based on pure aluminum, bronze can be used, the basis of which is genuine copper. In addition, for this purpose, other metal powders with m.p. 500-900 C or their alloys and mixtures, provided that the powder material is plastic, and the particles themselves, in their bulk, like an aluminum powder, have a flaky shape with aosimetric dimensions in the range of 43-104 microns in a plane (sieve 140325 mm) and at thickness Within vO, OO0125-O.OOO25O mm. . The concentration of aluminum powder in the lubricant depends on the purity of the aluminum from which it is obtained, and the degree of plasticity of its particles associated with this, as well as on the properties of the material being processed and varies within 5-10%. With a low viscosity liquid phase, in order to facilitate the retention of aluminum powder particles in the suspended state and to speed them up to the liquid – processed material interface, as well as to simplify the subsequent cleaning of the resulting surface, 20-24% of surface active oil is dissolved in the oil phase of the lubricant. substances of non-ionic type, for example oxyethylated fatty alcohols, alkylolamides of fatty acids, tweens and panes, or anionic surfactants such as aln kilulfates, alkyl sulfonates, or mixtures of some of them, In addition, For the same purpose, 0.1-0.5% of konifola or derivatives are added (resin resin acids of rosin or commercial alkyd resins containing rosin). The lubricant can be prepared for direct consumption or for storage as a concentrate-paste. In the first case, the above additives at a temperature of 50-80 ° C are added to the used oil, which is in a tightly closed apparatus equipped with a stirrer. After the additives are dissolved, the oil phase is cooled to a coherent temperature and with gentle stirring with a mixer, aluminum powder, bronze is introduced into the mixer through the hatch in the lid of the apparatus. Upon reaching a uniform distribution of the powder, without lumps, the lubricant is ready for use. The lubricant is applied to the material being processed by any known method. The following are the different formulations of lubricants, V6C.%: Composition 1 Rape oil 70,5 Rosin0,5 Bronze5 Stearox2 4 Composition 2. Aviation oil MO-2074,5 Esters of resin acids of rosin 0.5 Aluminum powder 5 Alkyl sulfates20 Composition 3 Industrial oil 70 Aluminum powder 10 Glycerol effects of resin acids of rosin0.1 Alkyl sulfonates 19.9 Composition 4, Spindle oil 70

Bronze Alkidna resin wa-based

rosin

Alkyl Sulfates Composition 5

Industrial oil

Aluminum Powder Glycerin Zfira

resinous rosin acid

Alkylsulfonates

60

0.5

five

Comparative tests were carried out on the proposed lubricants of the compositions i- © and the well-known 7 containing a mixture of KaGtep® of the first oil and Wood alloy. The test results are presented in the table.