SU60305A1 - Instrument for measuring and recording the basic performance of a tractor unit - Google Patents

Description

Instruments for recording the operation of a tractor are usually connected to a dynamometer and give readings in ton-kilometers with simultaneous indication of the magnitude of the total and working path traveled by the unit. In such Instruments, it was proposed to use two logarithmic scales at the dynamometer, allowing the power consumption to be measured by the penalties on these scales. In this case, one of the arrows indicates the magnitude of the thrust force given by the dynamometer, and the other the magnitude of the speed determined by the speedometer. According to the invention, a device of this kind for additional testimony of the total fuel consumption Q kg / h and specific q kg / h per I liter. with. It is connected to the throttle valve of the tractor engine with a flexible rod attached to the drum of the device and connected to the rotary shaft and to the Arrow giving indications of the tractor traction power L of the tractor and the theoretical speed V of the unit.

FIG. I shows a schematic front view of the device; in fig. 2 - vertical longitudinal section of the device; in fig. 3 - projection of a separate part of the device.

The device gives indications of the magnitude of the pulling force P developed

the tractor, its forward theoretical speed V, its power L, the total total fuel consumption Q in kg / h, the specific consumption of fuel d in kg / h per 1 l. pp., the total amount of work per shift and per season in tkm, the cyMMapHioro values of the path traveled by the unit and the working path (with a trailer), expressed in kilometers (since the track is calculated based on the number of revolutions of the gear box, unit will be the theoretical value). In this way, the path with an unloaded trailer is taken into account as the difference between the common path and the work path.

To obtain a complex of all these quantities, the instrument performs the functions of the following instruments; dynamometer, working meter, working way meters for a shift and for a season, total shift meters for a shift and for a season, work meters in tkm for a shift and for a season and gauges of total fuel consumption in kg / h, and specific fuel consumption in kg / h i ji. with.

Combining a number of instruments that record individual quantities into one results in a simple, organically bound mechanism, according to

consisting of a relatively small number of parts. Thus, for example, an energy meter for determining the power N, which is usually a complex mechanism, in this case does not require any additional detail, and the power value N is obtained as a result of an automatic combination of the pull force P and the arrow indicating the theoretical speed and. Flow rates Q and (total and specific fuel consumption) are obtained through simple I. Khanizmu and combining the power scale N and the speed arrow o. The logarithmic scale used in the instrument, being non-uniform for nominal values, gives a variable price of divisions, but the dimensional accuracy of reference in the projection is relative to the nominal value, v which has a positive value in this case.

The dynamometer included in the device consists of a spring /, support parts 5, between which is enclosed a spring, trailed brackets 7 and a number of cables 2, connecting brackets 7 with parts 5.

Since the pull force P of the cable is directed at an angle to each other, only a small amount of force R. acts on the spring.

With an appropriate choice of the length of the links, the ratio of this component to the force P can become equal to 1: 2.5 with

1 P 100 kg and at P 6000 kg.

Due to this, for a pulling force of 6000 kg a spring / dynamometer is required, designed for compression of 600 kg; This gives a simple and reliable design of the AIInometer, the weight of which (for example, for the CTZ trachtor) does not exceed 8 kg.

With this dynamometer scheme, due to the use of cables 2, the harmful resistances are very small, and the influence of the inertia forces of the dynamometer on its readings is reduced.

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The dynamometer operates as follows.

When the brackets 7 are extended, the support parts 3 approach each other, compress the spring 1. Compress the spring / is transmitted to the recording instrument through a steel string 5 enclosed in a metal flexible braid 6 (tightly wound with steel tape). This is achieved in that the braid rests on a stand 4 rigidly connected to the lower support part 5, while a string 5 is connected to the upper support part 3 through a slot in the stand 4.

The movement of the traction string 5 relative to the braid b, equal to the magnitude of the deformation of the spring 1, is transmitted to the drum 8. In this case, the complete deformation of the spring corresponds to the rotation of the drum counterclockwise through an angle of 180 °.

On axis 9, rotating on roller bearings, a drum 8 is fixed. On the same axis 9, an eccentric W is fixed, in which the radii of curvature P of the working edge are proportional to the logarithms of the pull force P, t. Q. Ig P, where m is a constant coefficient , representing the value of the initial radius of the eccentric 10. The eccentric 10, rotating with the axis 9 in proportion to the deformation of the spring, moves the slider // along the guide 12. At that, the movements of the slider // are proportional to the logarithms of the values P.

Slider with steel tape 13 st. with a pulley M, thanks to why. The linear displacements of the slider 11 are defined as the rotary displacements of the pulley} 4 in logarithmic proportional.

The slider // is always pressed against the working edge of the eccentric 10 by the force of the spring placed inside the pulley / 4. A pulley 15 is fastened on a pulley 15, rotating with a pulley 14 counterclockwise in a logarithmic ratio.

On a scale of 15, over the entire circumference, the divisions correspond to the values of the logarithms of the numbers from 100 to 1000 and from 1000 to 1000Q. which corresponds to the magnitude of the gravity force P in kg.

The spring of the dynamometer / has a preliminary tightening of 100 kg, and a reference point of 100 kg is against the force indicator P on the instrument box. The increase in traction force P and the corresponding deformation of the spring / causes the rotation Wc: ala, at which the values of P are counted against the index arrow.

The second mode to i, which is part of the overall complex of the device, is a tachometer, which shows the instantaneous values of the theoretical speed V and is built on the principle of a speedometer. It consists of a permanent magnet 16 rotating in an aluminum drum 17. The magnet 16 rotates through a flexible shaft 33 from the secondary shaft and the tractor's gearbox. The transfer of 19, 20, 16a, 16b from this shaft to the magnet 16 is calculated so that 1 f / s of the theoretical speed v of the tractor corresponds to 550 rpm, of the magnet 16.

When the magnet is rotated, the aluminum reel 17, under the influence of the emerging currents of Foucault, tends to rotate synchronously with the magnet. However, due to the opposing moment of the spring, it turns only on a certain angle proportional to the speed of the magnet 16. As a result of calculating the tachometer and its calibration, the relationship between the number of revolutions of the second shaft II and the angle of rotation of the aluminum drum 17, i.e. . п, where к - coefficient of proportionality.

The drum 17 is connected to the speed indicator arrow 21 via an eccentric / 8 delineated logarithm. curve, so that the angular displacements of the arrow 21 are proportional to the logarithm of the number of revolutions of the shaft II of the tractor's gearbox, or, equivalently, proportional to the logarithm of the theoretical translational speed:

A - Aa- -lg / z- lgf, where P is the angle of rotation of the arrow 21;

a.- the angle of rotation of the drum 17. The connection between the aluminum drum 17 and the arrow 2} is carried out through an eccentric 18, sitting on the same axis with the drum and rigidly connected to the latter. The roller 18b is pressed to the eccentric rim, the axis of which is fixed in the slider} 8a, which is connected by a steel tape with a drum 29.

The drum 29, with its finger, located on the inner surface of the sleeve, enters freely into the fractional groove of the tubular axis 27. The same groove freely enters with its finger and arrow 21.

In order to insert the fingers into the parting groove, the tube 25 has slots 25a, circumferential tubes covering an angle of 270 °. As a result, the movement of the slider 8a along its guide 18d, due to the rotation of the aluminum drum 17 of the speedometer, causes the drum 29 to rotate and, at the same time, the arrow 2}.

The arrows 21, corresponding to the theoretical speed, are measured on a fixed scale of speed 22, on which divisions of speed values (in l1 / s) are plotted in a logarithmic order from 0.1 to 2 ms. The starting point of the theoretical speed coincides with the point of reference for the values of P. Therefore, against the readings of the arrow 21 on the scale 22, where the theoretical speed о is measured, the same end of the arrow on the scale for P will show the product of the values of the velocity y and the pull force P.

.

On a scale P, concentric with a graduation of the value of P, the divisions are placed, made in such an order that opposite the values of P are placed

P values of lg or lg; P - lg 75.

 In this scale, arrow 21 will show the magnitude of IgP + lgw - lg 75 Ig.V, against which the value L is set. Thus, the instantaneous values of the power L are obtained by applying a logarithmic scale and multiplying

values „g on -P. /and

A mechanism for determining the instantaneous values of fuel consumption Q (in kg / h) and specific consumption q

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fuel (in kg / h per 1 hp.) is arranged as follows.

Calibration establishes the relationship between fuel consumption and the position of the pump rail for diesel tractors or between fuel consumption and the opening of the throttle valve at a certain carburetor adjustment for carburetor tractors.

Linear movements of the pump rack or angular movements of the tractor throttle are converted into rotational movement through the string 23 enclosed in a copper tube 23a, and a mechanism consisting of a drum 24, which is rotated on a tubular fixed axis 25 to the hub 26 360 ° by tensioning the string 23 . There is a slot on the drum 24, outlined along a logarithmic curve. In this slot runs the rod forks 26a. When the drum 24 turn. is rotated clockwise, the rods of the plug 26a are linearly pushed along the notch of the fixed tube 25, and its movement is proportional to the logarithm of the throttle valve open values for the pump rack, and also proportional to the logarithm of the value. Research Institute of fuel consumption.

The plug 26a is connected to the tube 27. placed inside the tubular axis 25. The tube 27 has one longitudinal and one spiral groove and can slide along the axis 28 and rotate on it.

The kinematic connection of the arrow 21 and the scale 30, showing the fuel consumption, is carried out through the inner tube 27, having, as indicated above, two slots: the longitudinal, which includes the arrow pins 21 and the drum 29, and the spiral, which includes the pin the scales 30. If only the drum 25 rotates, then the arrow 21 and the scale 30 rotate simultaneously at the same angular velocity, since the tube 27 performs only a rotational movement.

If the drum 24 rotates and the drum 29 is at rest, the tube 27 moves along its axis. In this case, the arrow 21 is

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in the window, and Shkkala 30 rotates relative to the arrow 2 /, since the pin of the scale 30 slides in the spiral slot of the tube 27; turning the 3Q scale will be proportional to the angle of inclination of this slot. If both drums 24 and 29 are rotating simultaneously (the throttle valve is moving and the speedometer 17 is working), then the tube 27 will have two movements simultaneously: rotational and translational along the axis 28. At the same time, the rotational movement of the tube 27 arrows 2} and the scale 30 will rotate equally and from the longitudinal movement, the scale will receive another rotation relative to the arrow 21. The coil springs 29a and 24a keep the drums 2934 in zero positions, i.e. corresponding to the inactive engine of the tractor. With the longitudinal movement of the tube 27, when only the drum 24 is rotating, the forces are thre. Neither the moment of inertia of the scale 30 creates a moment that rotates the tube 27, whereas it must only move longitudinally. In order to keep the tube 27 from rotating, the opposing torque of the spring 29a is chosen larger than the rotating tube 27.

The value of the total hourly fuel consumption Q (e l or kg) is calculated on the moving scale 30 against the arrow 21.

The instantaneous values of fuel consumption q (in l / h per 1 hp) are indicated on the same scale 50 by the ZOa arrow fixed on the scale of N values at the beginning of the reference, i.e., in this case, an automatic solution of the problem is obtained:

9 -; ig4 igQ-ig The task of the following mechanism, which is part of the overall complex of the instrument, is a reading of the quantity proportional to the work taken by the unit during a given period of time:

.S,

that is, the sum of the products of tvovyh efforts on the way.

The solution of this problem is carried out by two frictionally connected disks, one of which 31

rotates at an angular speed proportional to the speed of rotation of the secondary shaft and gearbox, i.e. proportional to the theoretical path of the tractor, and the second disk 32, which is in constant friction connection with disk 31, can slide the working edge along the radius of the latter in proportion to m beating hook force for a given moment. Due to this, the angular velocity ω (or the number of revolutions l) of the disk 32 will be proportional to the product of the magnitude of the pull force P and infinitely small. zok; tractor paths.

The transmission from the output shaft II of the gearbox to the disk 31 is carried out through the flexible shaft 33 and two worm pairs ZZa and ZZb with a total gear ratio. This program is based on the fact that the disk 31 must make one revolution per 10 and theoretical paths.

In order to apply the gear to other tractors, a replaceable pair of gears 19 and 20 is introduced into the gear with the appropriate gear ratios. The same pair of gears 19 and 20 serves to rotate the magnetic system 16 from the flexible shaft 23 through a bevel gear 16a and 16b.

The movement of the disk 32 along the radius of the disk 31 is carried out as follows.

Two eccentrics 34 are mounted on axis 9, which are supported by rollers 55 with working edges; the latter are connected via a ball bearing to the disk sleeve 32. The springs 36 press the rollers 35 to the eccentrics 34. When the axis 9 rotates, the eccentrics press the rollers 35, and the disk 32 slides along the axis 32a, along which the pin of the disk 32 passes along the keyway.

When the axis 5 rotates from 0 to 180 °, the eccentrics 34 press the disk 32 from the center of the disk 31 along its radius by an amount equal to the total shrinkage of the dynamometer spring. In this case, the angles of rotation of the axis 9 and eccentrics 34 are proportional to the shrinkage of the spring / dynamometer, and the corresponding radii of curvature of the eccentrics 34 are proportional to the actual pull force P of the dynamometer (set by calibration).

Therefore, a change in traction force P, which causes a deformation of the spring-loaded dynamometer 1, will, through the traction string 5 and axis 9 mentioned above, move the disk 32 along the radius of the disk 31, which is proportional to the tractive effort.

A work counter is connected to the axis 32a by a worm gear 39a. Transfer 39a to the counter is calculated on the basis of the proportionality of the division price of the first drum of the counter 10 tm of work.

The counter consists of three sections of the drums. In the first section 38, work (in kgm) per season is counted, and in the second section 39 per shift. In this section, at the end of the shift, after the tractor has been semi-automatically imprinted by the tractor driver on the card, the counter is set to zero.

The total theoretical path of the tractor is counted by the counter 40. The latter receives rotation from the disk 31 through a bevel gear 40a and a worm gear 40b and counts the full theoretical path traveled by the unit during operation.

The counter 40 is connected via the device 42 to the counter 41 for counting the working time. The counter 41 is turned on only when the pull force P reaches a certain value, which in this case is taken equal to 300 kg, i.e., the maximum resistance of the trailed implements to the idling speed. The mechanization of the automatic switching on and off of the counter of the working path 41 is carried out by a device consisting of a lever 42 rotating on an axis 43. The lever 42 is held by a spring 44 in one of the extreme positions into which it is transferred by an eccentric 34. The other end of the lever 42 is connected to the sleeve 45 with ratchet engagement. The latter moves along the axis of the counter 46 along the key and engages with the gear 47, which rotates freely on the axis 46 of the counter and

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located in constant engagement with the gear 40 of the counter total path 40.

Each counter 41 and 40 consists of two sections, on one of which the aggregate path of the unit per season is counted, and on the other, the path per shift. In the second section, after reading the counter, the latter is set to zero.

The aggregate readings of the unit operation (in kgm) for the season and for the shift, as well as the track (in km) for the cross. ZONE and per shift are obtained using the following mechanism.

In the guide grooves of the counter frame 48, the frame 49 can move on two four-stage mechanisms. Under the action of the spring 50 when turning the axis 5 / frame 49 falls on the surface of the counters. At the same time, the slats 52 of the frame, along which the tensioned straps of the bench-type machine, strike the relief figures of the counters. A paper is inserted between the numbers and the frame, on which an imprint of six numbers is obtained simultaneously: 1) work in kilogram meters per season, 2) the same for a shift, 3) the number of kilometers of the total path traveled by the unit for the season, 4) the same for a shift, 5) the number of kilometers of working path per season, 6) the same for the shift.

Subject invention

Claims (3)

I. A device for measuring and recording the main performance indicators of a tractor unit using spring dynamometer and speedometer, giving readings of the magnitude of the thrust force and speed of the unit on logarithmic scales, and an arrow summarizing these readings for reading the thrust power, characterized in that in order to give an indication of the total fuel consumption (Q kg / hour) and specific fuel consumption (q kg / h pa} hp), the device is connected to the engine throttle by means of a flexible rod 23 attached to the drum 24 and kinematically connected with the rotary scale 30 of the device and with the arrow 21, giving indications of thrust power L t Rector and speed and movement of the unit. 2. The form of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that said connection is made by a forked rod 26a, encompassing the lower end of the inner groove of the inner tube 27 and passing through the upper end in the longitudinal and spiral slots of the drum 24 and the stationary sleeve 25 of the device moreover, the rod is offset by a longitudinal displacement along the axis of the tube 27 connected to the arrow 2} and the scale 30. 3. At the device, the use of counters 38-4J, giving indications of the work done / -, the theoretical path S traveled and the working time and connected by an appropriate transmission with the tractor's gearbox and dynamometer CS | with lu s