SU57935A1 - Device for laying pipes underground - Google Patents

Description

Nowadays, the laying of pipes under the ground, in most cases, is done in an open trench manner and is associated with large land works, with a device for fastening ditches, disassembling fasteners, breaking and restoring pavements and other difficulties.

Also known closed method of laying pipes, mainly pipes of large diameter. This method uses a shield pushed into the ground in a horizontal direction. Under the shield, soil excavation and pipe laying are performed.

It has been proposed to use a horizontal auger in such shield devices, which is used for excavating under a shield. These proposals related to the laying of pipes, mainly of small diameter.

The described device also consists of a shield pushed under the ground and a horizontal drill used for excavation. A new feature of this device is that the shield is made open at the bottom and consists of several sections. This feature is intended to allow the pipe under the shield to be laid directly on the ground after the passage of a specific section by the shield.

In FIG. 1 schematically depicts the proposed device in a vertical longitudinal section; FIG. 2 is a section along AB in FIG. 1 (plan); fig; 3 is a front view of the shield; FIG. 4 and 5 are a section along the CD and EF in FIG. one; FIG. 6-back view of the shield.

The shields of the proposed device are divided into three types of insects: the first-front shield /, the second type — the main shields 2, the third — the rear supporting shield 3. The shields and all other devices are made of steel.

The first shield (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4) has a thickening, a knife 4, on the outer side in the front part. Thickening facilitates pushing through the shields, since free space at the walls of the shield / creates free space and friction decreases when the shields penetrate. On the outer side of the shield (i), on its lateral sides, there are plates-protrusions 5, which serve as a support and take up vertical pressure.

With weak soils and large diameters, the number of protrusions 5 can be increased, and they can be located along the side walls of the shield one above the other. The lower protrusion 6 is a continuation of the side wall and serves to guide the shield as it is pushed and for greater stability of the shield, perceiving the lateral pressure of the soil.

Inside the front shield there are undercutting knives 7, a blade 8 and a transverse wall 9, which serves to fasten the walls of the shield and is a support for devices transporting the ground. A block II holder JO is attached to the transverse wall 9 to remove the soil with a shovel carriage 12.

From the transverse wall 9, internal protrusions 13 begin as serving as the rake of the basket 12 and also as a support, similarly to the external projections 5. The internal protrusions have grooves 14 into which a bottom of sheet steel can be inserted as needed.

Inside the front of the shield / there is 15 for a drill developing the soil. The drill may have a different shape.

Plates 16 and 17 should be provided in the shield 1 for the supports of the shaft 18, and an electric motor can also be installed at the location 19 to bring the drill into rotation. Behind the drill 15 on the shaft 18, the screw 20 is reinforced, which promotes the movement of the ground behind the wall 9 to the tundle 12.

The main sections are shields 2 (Figs. 1, 2 and 5), 3-4 meters long, as well as the first shield, have outer lateral projections 5, lower vertical projections 6, inner projections / 5 and places for the shaft supports 18 ,

The rear support shield 5 (Figs. 1, 2, and 6) also has projections 5 and 6. In addition, at the end of the shield a thickening 21 is made to apply pressure to the jacks when pushing the shield, as well as the bottom 22 (FIG. 6) with lateral projections . In the side wall of the shield 3 there is a hole 23 for

excavation to the side. Inside the shield there is a place 24 for the support of the shaft 18.

The connection of shields between yourself; It is made with the help of additional strips welded from inside: steel 25, which behind the shield form a protrusion 2o with holes for; connections with the next shield using bolts 27. The removal of the soil should be done with a help of a co-rake 12 and a cable 28 slung over the block. The rotation of the IS shaft with the drill 15 and the screw 20 can be carried out by means of an electric motor or by the manual method. The rotation and winch mechanisms are located directly behind the shield 3.

Pushing the shields into the ground is made using jacks located on the sides of the rotation mechanism or behind the drilling rotary mechanism and resting in the thickening of the rear shield or in the drill rotary mechanism, due to the speed of the rotation mechanism must be strong to apply the pressure of the jacks. The rotation mechanism, l & bed.ka and jacks can be adjusted; on a trolley for moving on planks or rails.

In the case of laying pipes of small and medium diameters, the removal of soil can be done by screws on. all over the shield.

The operation with the described device is performed in the following order.

Prior to the start of the route laying. broken into sections. Schurfs of required dimensions are dug between the plots, making it possible to install shields and a rotary mechanism with a winch and jacks, as well as throw out the ground coming from the penetration in one direction. Pits dig in the usual way with a side mount. After that, the pits from the plates and channels for the jacks, the rotational mechanism, the winch, and the jacks are lowered into the pits; and front shield with all necessary equipment. Install the front shield / s. brown and shchekol

at the front wall of the pit; Also, a guide frame is fitted with recesses for the outer projections 5 of the shields with two horizontal rollers on each side, one on top, the second on the bottom of the protrusion and the third vertical one at the end of the protrusion. The guide frames extend and strengthen in the walls of the bullhorn.

In addition, a support shield 3 is installed. The front shield / and the support shield 3 are connected and bolted 27; sections of shaft 18 are also fastened. Then the rotating mechanism, the winch -and jacks roll in, fix them accordingly and begin driving. Having partially deepened the front shield, they load the jacks, disassemble the mounting stops, roll the trolley with the rotational mechanism, the winch and the jacks into the opposite end of the subsidiary to the stop. The support shield 5 is separated from the front shield 1, the soil is cleaned from it and thrown up. Verify that the sinking has begun. Lower the scoop cart 12 and pass the cable 28 through the block 11, fastened it with a scoop cart. The main shield 2 is lowered and secured with the shield 1, by increasing the shaft 18, and the supporting shield 3 is fixed and fastened with the shield 2. When mounting the shields 2 and 5, the guide frames are simultaneously mounted and retracted. Roll up the cart with the mechanisms and proceed to the sinking. The soil captured by the auger is reclined to the beginning of the screw 20 and moves along the blade 8 beyond the transverse wall 9. The soil is grabbed by the shovel-cart through the block 11 from the winch. The loaded cart is transported by the lower branch of the cable and unloaded into the shield opening 25. One side of the scoop trolley should be folding. As the jacks are used, they are recharged and, having substituted an additional support, continue sinking until the main shield 2 passes into the ground, leaving an end of 30-50 cm.

After that, a disconnection is made. shields 2, 3, lowering and fastening additional sections-shields 2 in the same order, and so on, until they pass the section until the next sileurf.

When the single site is completed, the stop is pulled apart, the cart with the mechanisms and jacks is pulled out, the supporting shield 5 is separated from the shield 2 and pulled up to the top. In the second schurf, the front shield / from the main shield 2, is separated. and shaft 18 is disconnected, then the shield / with the drill and the screw is moved to the opposite end, the crane and the tunnel continue as in the first case.

In order to lay pipes in boards, the latter should have a diameter greater than the diameter of pipes by 15-25 cm. The pipes in open syurfs are laid in an ordinary way. For laying in the shields, the pipes are assembled in the second shururf by links, with the sealing of the sockets or joints; Into the pipes (in the case of laying ceramic or cast iron pipes) a bar is passed, the end of which is fixed on the carriage 13 shields 2 adapted for movement along the internal rails. As the links are assembled, the pipe is pushed inside the shield 2, and the bar grows until until the pipe is passed through to the laid pipes in the first hole, where they are connected to each other, etc.

The removal of the shields from the ground is carried out after the pipe is laid using jacks and gripping devices. As the main shields are pulled out of the soil, they rise to the top, and the laid pipes are filled in channels with disassembling fasteners.

To lay the pipes directly in the boards along one pipe with sealing of the joints at the place of installation and subsequent backfilling, the boards should have at least 1 liter and a width of at least 0.50 m wide, depending on the diameter of the pipes to be laid. For greater rigidity of the shields inside them can be supplied

fins located above the laid pipe. In the upper part of the boards, side rails of angular iron can be attached for the carriage stroke when backfilling. The excavation in this case is carried out by a drill or by hand.

Pulling the shields 2 out of the ground is carried out after the pipes are laid using jacks and gripping devices. As the shields are pulled out, they are installed for further pushing in the same shururf or rise to the top. After laying the pipes and pulling out the shields, the laid pipes are backfilled with disassembly of the fastener.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A device for laying pipes underground by means of a shield pushed into the ground and a horizontal auger serving for excavating, characterized in that the shield is made open at the bottom and consists of several sections 1,2,3 in order to enable the pipe to be laid. directly on the ground under the shield, after passing a certain area. 2. The form of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that on its side walls on the inner side there are rails 13 for strengthening the scoop-cart 12 transporting the developed soil outwards. 3. The form of the device according to paragraphs. 1 and, characterized in that on the side walls of the outer side shield there are support plates-protrusions 5. 4. The form of the device according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that a blade 8 is installed at the bottom of the front of the shield, which serves to guide the developed soil into the scoop-cart 12.