SU5380A1 - Cylindrical valve for the distribution of start-up and spray air in internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed spool; FIG. 2nd cross-section, in FIG. 3-way valve, in FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of the sleeve with the piston of the spool and in FIG. 5- cross-section of the above sleeve.

The proposed cylindrical valve consists of the following main parts:

1-cylinder plate for fastening to the frame.i

A 2-cylinder with purge-charge windows 2a and exhaust.

3-Piston.

4-body spool, set-; Above the cylinder with brackets 4 a; fastening is done by plate 46; the body has a channel of 4, separated from the common annular chamber of 4 g; this channel serves to supply spray air; and channel 4e connects the entire channel for supplying start-up air; both of these channels are in the same plane. In addition to these channels, a 4 g channel is connected by holes 4e, in which

a bypass valve is installed; In the middle of the spool there is an opening 4 W, to which the starting or spraying air is supplied; 4d channels are located at the ends of the spool, which are connected to the atmosphere.

5-spool bushings inserted into body 4; Each bushing has two rows of windows: Windows 5a are connected to an annular channel of 4 g; one window 56 of this row is connected to channel 4 in; The second row of windows 5 in each sleeve is connected to the exhaust port 4.

b-Covers that tighten the sleeves; through them are flowed seals compacted with gaskets.

The 7-rod, on which the pistons are mounted, is driven from the wings; the stem goes through the caps.

8-spool, the pistons of which are sealed on the pinch with sealing rings 7.

9-Sides (drive), attached to the pistons of the spool 8, covering with overlapping 9 and the whole window 5 b; The actuator 9 is so designed in length that at all times the opening of windows 5 is released and it closes the window, 5 b.

10-Pipe, supplying starting or spraying air to spool 4, to hole 4.

11-Offshoots of bypass pipelines installed on spool 4 above openings 4e.

A 12-pipe connecting the spool with a vent to the atmosphere is attached to the spool 4 above the filaments 4 d.

13-Pipeline connecting the spool 4 with the starting valve; it connects channel 4d to annular channel 4 g of spool 4 with inlet pocket 14 and start valve 14.

14 start valve.

15 Nozzle.

16 — A pipeline connecting the spool 4 to the nozzle 15 via channel 4 to the spool 4 supplying air to the nozzle.

17-Pipeline from the fuel pump to the nozzle.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the spool, in that position when the spool stands at the inlet of compressed start-up air through the windows 5a, the annular channel 4g, channel 4e, pipe 13, to the open starting valve 14, to the right side of the cylinder 2, where it is shown dead extreme position of the piston 3 in the cylinder 2; This happens when working with air. When operating with fuel, the valve 14 is closed and therefore there is no air movement through the pipeline 13; all air rushes through window 56, channel 4, through pipe 16 to nozzle 15.

FIG. 2, representing the cross section of the spool 4 and cylinder 2, there are: installation of the spool on the cylinder, annular channel 4g, channel 4b and window 5b located above it, closed by the actuator 9, and also shows the location of the nozzle 15 of the valve 14 and connecting them with pipelines 16 and 13 with spool 4.

FIG. 3 shows the starting valve 14 inserted into the cylinder 2; From spool 4 to cylinder 2, pipe 13 is shown, which supplies air to pocket 14 of the same cylinder 2.

FIG. 4 shows the piston of the spool 8, which sits on the rod 7 and is tightened with the nut Z; sealing ring design is conventional, applied to high pressures and high temperatures. The outer half of the cylindrical spool has a ground drive 9; all together, namely one part of the cylindrical spool and the other with the drive, are tightened on the stem thread 7 with a nut 8y with a pad of lentils 86.

FIG. 5 shows a cross-section along the sleeve 3, along the windows 5 a and 56, where the location of the actuator 9 above the window is shown, 56, with the corresponding overlapping of this window along the width of 9 a. , Work by air. The functions of the starting spool are as follows: the starting valve 14 is raised to allow compressed air to enter cylinder 2. The fuel pump is turned off and no fuel is supplied to the pipe 17 and nozzle 15. When opening the valve and the regulator, from the start-up reservoir through the pipeline 10, the compressed start-up air is supplied to the spool 4 and through the opening 4 it fills the inter-piston space of the spool 4.

Inlet. Compressed air is directed to open windows 5a and 56 (Fig. 1-4). The main mass of air is directed through the windows 5a, through the annular chamber 4 g, the opening 4d, pipe 13, whereby the air is supplied to the feed pocket 14a and through the windows 146 passes through the open starting valve to the right side of the cylinder (Fig. 1 shows right dead position of the piston standing

on the advance of the inlet). Part of the air enters through the window 56, the channel 4s and the pipe 16 into the nozzle 15.

Release. While compressed air is supplied to the right side of the piston, the left cylinder cavity is connected to the backpressure air release. Through the elevated valve 14, the pipeline 13, the left opening 4d, the annular channel 4d, the left windows 5a, through the windows 5c and the opening 4d, air escapes through the exhaust pipe 12 to the atmosphere. Through the nozzle there can be no air outlet, since the actuator 9 closes the lower window 5 b, all the time opening the windows 5 to the exhaust. The period of intake of compressed air into one right-hand cavity lasts all the time for opening windows 5a, while the same period of release continues for the same time (while the piston of spool 8 opens windows 5a). As soon as the pistons of the spools begin to change their direction, the windows 5 will gradually close, the compressed air inlet will close on the right side and the exhaust will close on the left side.

Cutoff inlet and outlet. The moments of stopping the inlet and outlet will correspond to the following: when the inner edge of the right piston of the spool 8 becomes on the inner edges of the windows 5a, this will correspond to the cutoff moment of the inlet, and when the outer edge of the left piston of the spool 8 becomes on the outer edges of the windows 5a, it will be respond to the time of release cutoff. The piston during this period will be on the way from the right cover to the left.

Expansion and compression. During all the time the piston 8 of the spool moves along windows 5a, in the cavity of the working cylinders during this period expansion will occur on the right side and compression on the left side of the piston.

These periods will continue until windows 5a are opened on the left side of the inlet by internal

the piston covers of the spool 8, and on the right side until the opening of the windows 5an release the outer edges of the pistons of the spool 8; In this order, as described above, the air is working on the other side of the working piston.

In this way, the machine starts running, but under the action of air, the machine can work in the same order for a longer time. Adjusting the cylinder filling is accomplished by changing the stroke of the spool.

Work as fuel. In order to switch to the operation of the machine with fuel, it is necessary to turn on the fuel pump for feeding through pipe 17 to the nozzle 15; then the starting valve 14 is closed and the starting air supply is replaced in the spool, which is replaced by higher pressure air, which is used to spray fuel from the respective tank. Spray air is directed into the same pipe 10 to spool 4. Through hole 4 W: the spray air enters the spool housing and fills the entire space between the pistons of spool 8.

Fuel injection The spray air enters the window 56 and through the channel 4 and the pipe 16 is directed to the nozzle, where the sprayed fuel, which was previously fed to the nozzle 15 by the pump through the pipeline 17, is introduced into the right cavity of the cylinder 2. The fuel sprayed by the compressed air enters the red-hot the air mass is pre-mechanically compressed, it is ignited, at the same time the temperature and pressure rise. This period of injection on the right side of the piston corresponds on the other side of the piston to the exhaust of exhaust gases, to purging and charging the cylinder with clean air through blow-through windows 2 a.

Spraying air also enters through the windows 5a into the annular chamber 4g, the opening 4d and the pipe 13, but further meets the closed valve 14, so that the air cannot penetrate into the cylinder 2. The action of this entire line is paralyzed by the closed valve 14; In these parts there is no movement of old air, and the valve and the pipeline do not participate in the operation of the machine on fuel.

The duration of the injection is limited by the size of the opening of the window 56 and continues until the moment of closing, which occurs when the inner edge of the piston 8 of the valve 8 becomes on the inner edge of the window 5 b. The slide, moving further, will keep the window 5 b closed, which is caused by the setting of the drive 9. While fuel is being injected on the right side of the piston, on the left side there is blowing and charging, which continues until piston 3 with its left edges, it will first close the charge-opening windows 2a, then the exhaust windows; from this moment the compression begins. The air during the compression period does not have an outlet back through the nozzle 15, since the actuator 9 closes the window 5 b.

After the cut-off of the fuel injection and the expansion period on the right side, the exhaust gas is released, which starts from the moment of opening the edges of the right side of the piston 3 of the exhaust ports; The piston, moving further in cylinder 2, opens another row of purge-charging windows 2 a. On the other (left) side, pre-injection takes place, and then fuel injection to the left cavity of cylinder 2 takes place. Thus, during regular periods of operation, pre-injection fuel injection times are repeated, which, like its injection into the working cavities of cylinders, are subject to the control of cylindrical spools 8 with actuators 9. The pre-emission and compression commencement moments and the purge and charge period are controlled by the piston 3 itself, moving in cylinder 2. The power and rotation speed are controlled by influencing the fuel injection factor; since the duration of the spraying air supply period is subject to the cylindrical slide valve 8, which changes the stroke. depending on the position of the steering wheel stone, the fuel supply and pump stroke are associated with the spool stroke.

The composition of the combustible mixture is kept constant, since a certain amount of air is supplied through the spool to the appropriate amount of fuel supplied.

The subject of the patent.

A cylindrical spool for distributing start and spray air in internal combustion engines, characterized by the use of channel 4c with a window 56 for inlet through pipe 16 of dispersing air to nozzle 15 and chamber 4g with windows 5a for introducing start air through pipe 13 to starting valve 14, which Windows 5a and 56 open and close with the same edge (for example, inner) of spool 8, equipped with a drive 9 that closes window 56 when a friend (for example, outer) edge of spool 8 opens windows 5 a.