SU52227A1 - Method of low-temperature distillation of coal, shale and other fuels, and heat treatment of minerals and other substances - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the heat treatment of fuel and other substances and, in particular, to the distillation at low temperatures of coal and shale.

One of the objects of the invention is to prevent the fuel from sticking to the surfaces in contact with it, which is one of the main difficulties of distillation at low temperature; Eliminating this inconvenience allows all types of fuel, including sintering and non-sintering hard coal, to be subjected to distillation at low temperature.

The invention also allows not only the distillation of fuel, but also its compaction with the aim of eliminating the subsequent briquetting and adding a binding agent.

This invention, applied to the distillation at a low temperature of coal and other fuel, consists in that an intermediate layer of material is placed between the coal undergoing distillation and the conveyor, a grinder or other surface that the fuel usually comes into contact with. processing and leaving carbon adjacent to the surface, not passing through the plastic or liquid decomposition phase. The intermediate layer mentioned above may consist of cellulose or else of paper, paper pulp, cardboard or sawdust. According to one embodiment of the invention, coal or other fuel is loaded into tubular receivers lined inside with a spray layer of paper pulp; such receivers are passed through a heated retort using an endless chain or some other conveyor. In practice, several rows of such receivers, separated by one space from another, are passed through the retort and moved to

opposite directions so as to use the radiant heat of those receivers in which the coal has already been distilled to preheat other receivers.

The apparatus of this invention consists of a horizontal retort, the central zone of which serves directly for distillation, and the final links at both ends of this neutral zone serve to heat the material by heat exchange.

Inside the retort there is a conveyor for feeding the material to be distilled, and on the edges of the retort there are facilities for unloading the finished product on one side and loading fresh material on the other. In order to better clarify the invention, one embodiment of it will be described hereinafter, consisting of an apparatus for peretka at low temperature, illustrated in the attached drawing, in which FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view of the retort, shown for convenience in the form of three segments; FIG. 2-horizontal view of the retort from above; FIG. 3-vertical section through the central zone of the retort; FIG. 4 is the same section through any final segment of the retort.

The apparatus shown in the drawing is primarily intended for dp distillation at low temperatures of coal and other fuel and automatically performs all the necessary operations, starting from covering the pipes from the inside with a layer of paper pulp and loading the pipes and retorts and ending with unloading the finished product from the pipes and then preparing them for load fresh portions, and the operation of the apparatus goes without interruption. For this purpose, the apparatus shown in the drawing includes 1) a retort warmed from the inside by burning oil or gas in tubes running at some distance from one another inside the central zone, 2) an endless chain conveyor for feeding loaded tubes into opposite directions and different horizontal planes along the entire length of the retort, 3) devices at both ends of the retort for loading filled pipes into the retort and unloading pipes that have already been processed, 4) a device in the form of an endless chain conveyor serum outside the retort to drain the unloaded hot tubes from one end of the retort to the opposite for cooling and 5) fitting the retort at both ends to accept the cooled tubes, unload their contents, clean them internally, cover them with an inner layer of paper pulp or other substance, load them a new portion of fresh fuel and the entry of loaded tubes into the retort to continue the operation.

All the above-mentioned parts of the apparatus will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawing.

The retort shown in FIG. 1-4, is long enough to carry out the distillation and also preheat the loaded tubes before they reach the central zone from either end of the retort. To this end, the retort has a central zone A (Figs. 1 and 2) and two end zones B. Zone A is the distillation zone itself, and B zones are only heating zones. In the latter zones, heat exchange takes place between the tubes containing the finished product and leaving the central zone, and the tubes heading to the central zone.

The retort along its entire length rests on the rails 7, which practically and are the foundation of the whole installation and which do not hinder the longitudinal expansion of the retort. The walls of the retort consist of a plurality of hollow cast-iron sections 2, the edges of which are treated in such a way that they form diagonally spaced seams, and the adjoining surfaces are somewhat concave, as indicated in FIG. 3, to be placed therein during the assembly of the padding material 3.

Such a device gives a tight, gas-tight connection and

At the same time, it does not interfere with some relative movement of connected parts caused by expansion. Thanks to such a device, not only the assembly is facilitated, but also the supervision of the lateral state of the retort, for which it suffices to include one or two such sections. The central zone A is heated by a plurality of tubes 4 arranged in four rows one above the other across the retort. The arrangement of these tubes is best seen in FIG. 3, which shows that these tubes are located above and below the distillation tubes 5, which they heat by radiation. These tubes are heated on one side with gas or oil burners 6. The opposite ends of tubes 7 open into the hollow sections 2 on each side of the retort and, through the openings 8, the hot combustion products circulate along all four walls of the retort, forming a curtain of hot gases , prevented, the loss of internal heat of the retort radiation.

In order to create an even distribution of hot gases, as well as to uniformly heat the distillation tubes, burners b are located on both sides of the retort throughout the central zone L. Due to this, hot gases of one vertical group of heating tubes 4 will be released inside one of the vertical walls retorts, and the hot gases of the neighboring vertical group will be released into the opposite wall.

A gasket 9 and 10 is laid between the walls of the tubes and the walls of the retort to form a tight joint. The packing 9 is laid from the side

burner tubes and does not prevent the longitudinal expansion of these tubes.

The distillation vapors go through opening 7 / in the retort roof and through pipe 12 to the hydraulics of a known type. This hydraulics, as seen in FIG. 1, extends along the entire length of the retort and accepts a plurality of the aforementioned tubes 12. In order not to interfere with the reciprocal movement caused by the expansion of the retort 13, it is provided in several places with branches 14, which freely rest on the corresponding saddle shape / 5, the retorts formed at the roof are adjacent sections 2. Since the walls of the retort are formed by the same sections 2, there are holes 16 in the lower wall of the retort, similar to the holes m / 7, and where the pairs are retracted from the upper wall of the retort, holes 16 are closed removable covers 16a. Thanks to such a device, it is possible, by closing the holes 77, to release vapors through the bottom wall of the retort, which can be done even when the entire installation is already assembled.

The subject matter of the invention.

The method of heat treatment of fuel in the chambers moving along a conveyor inside a gas-heated retort, characterized in that between the walls of the retort and the fuel exposed to heat, an intermediate layer of substance is placed consisting of cellulose pulp applied in a liquid or semi-liquid state by spraying.

.g-. ° Ж7Гу 1ЖУГ

Jtv

Fig

/ g

, i3.

k

 S17

ABOUT.;

,

sss sSTHT

att. / JT, .-, О, „ST - ,,„ „РТ ,,. Jnr - ..

p - oh oh oh

OnanOnDnOnOnOnDnO

W

Fip4

fS

§

/

Bah

7