SU51049A1 - Method for catalytic gas synthesis reactions - Google Patents

Description

CuiiTe. A number of chemical pro.TlB products are carried out using catalytic processes.

In technology, often the starting material for this kind of synthesis is a product, which in turn can be obtained in a similar way, i.e., as a result of a catalytic process. An example is the catalytic radiation of ethyl acetate from ethyl alcohol, the latter, in turn, being synthesized in turn from ethylene by the method of catalytic hydrady.

Each short-circuit of leading catalytic processes is based on one of the following catalysts and is carried out in a separate reaction. For example, the synthesis of methanol and higher chirps from water gas or from carbon dioxide and hydrogen ocynj.ecT- is at the appropriate catalysts in one or more steam-operated columns. The methanol and higher alcohols obtained are then batch-wise - the first mainly in formaldehyde, | and second to esters. When j is the process of processing wire-:

in other equipment and even in other plants located far from their place of production.

The method of conducting catalytic chemical processes that constitutes the subject of copyright evidence is based on the use of two or more layers of different knots. (Isolators loaded into one and one and two: following the columns located on the columns. This combines two or more separate processes in one and the same reaction apparatus.

Using the proposed method, you can, for example, implement;

1) synthesis of esters, acids and aldehydes from olefins (ethylene, propylene, etc.) catalytically without the use of corresponding acids;

2) formalin synthesis from water gas;

3) synthesis of acetic acid from water gas.

The method of operation is as follows: two layers of different catalysts are loaded into the fine; on one of them the first process is carried out, on

the second process also immediately appears to the friend.

Example 1. Ethylene gas mixed with steam in certain molecular ratios at a temperature of 260-280 ° and a pressure of 40-60 atm. It is passed through two layers of the catalyst packed next to each other, and the first layer consists, for example, of copper phosphates or borates or a mixture of these and other salts, and the second layer is of metallic copper precipitated from aqueous solutions of salts or precipitated copper. activators - metal oxides, for example, chromium, zirconium, manganese, zivka, titanium, cerium, etc.

The resulting reaction products undergo condensation and the result is a condensate of the following composition:

Acetic acid .... 15-25% weight. h,

Aceta.ch.dehyde 3 - 5% weight. h

Ethyl alcohol .... 5- 7% weight. h. Water the rest.

If desired, the composition of the condensate can be changed quantitatively; thus, with minimal introduction of water vapor into the reaction sphere, the content of ethyl acetate increases, and with increasing temperature in the reaction zone, the yield of acetic acid increases.

Example 2. A mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases was passed through at a pressure of 200 atm. and temperatures of 300-400 ° through the reactor, in which

Two layers of catalysts were loaded, of which the first layer was methanol by composition, and the second consisted of copper-phosphate salts with activator additives.

The resulting reaction products underwent condensation and, as a result, condensate was obtained, consisting of 25-35 0 free acetic acid and 55--65% of esters in terms of methyl acetate.

The described method allows:

1) significantly reduce the number of process apparatuses requiring the use of two or more different catalysts or catalysts of the same type, but with different degrees of activity and durability;

2) significantly reduce the heat consumption against the existing, due to the combination of two or more processes in one unit;

3) to increase significantly the yield of products and their total release;

4) significantly reduce investment.

Subject and c oregeny.

A method of conducting catalytic synthesis reactions from gases proceeding in several stages, characterized in that the reacting gases are carried through two or more catalysts without intermediate separation of the intermediate products formed at different stages.