SU50305A1 - A method of manufacturing an insulating material and fine porous masses for it - Google Patents

Description

In the proposed method of manufacturing heat and sound insulating materials, the filler from diatoms with organic fibrous substances (chopped wood) is combined with a foaming material consisting of the same tatio substance by mixing in the presence of water. Beat the mixture thoroughly with a mixer until a creamy mass is formed, from which water is removed by heating to obtain a porous material for heat and sound insulation. Removing the ox is best done at an elevated temperature, while beating to form foam is at a very low temperature until air bubbles are completely evenly distributed.

The temperature difference during whipping and subsequent sunzu means the expansion of the air trapped in the bubbles, which occurs at the beginning of the drying process.

The bonding material is an aqueous solution of a sticky substance in conjunction with a fixative; after drying, half a waterproof adhesive is dried after drying. The gelatinous adhesive material, which is admixed to the binding material, significantly contributes to the formation of foam.

The resulting insulating material can be used for laying walls, floors, when wrapping pipelines; in addition, it can be molded into stones or blocks.

Such materials can be made in the form of thick masses, so that they cannot be dried at one time, or from several layers that are interconnected and covered outside with protective layers or shells having the same structure.

After supshi, the product obtained from foam mass may be subjected to firing at a temperature

at several hundred degrees, with all organic matter burning out. If protective shells are applied to the product, then you should especially ensure that air does not penetrate between them and the surface of the product.

The products have heat insulating ability, light weight, high mechanical strength and, at the same time, sufficient ability to withstand the stresses that they have been subjected to during transport or in the construction of structures.

In addition, one or more surfaces of the product may be applied refractory layer, as well as a layer that does not allow water.

The main source material is tripoli, which, after being treated with a weak alkali solution, possesses the same insulating qualities after the slit as the raw mineral, but suffers, however, from the disadvantage that being molded into plates, boards, blocks, etc., it becomes brittle and cracks after the substance. In addition, the material is relatively heavy.

To improve the qualities of this material, air bubbles are introduced into it, as a result of which its insulating property increases and its specific gravity decreases. Since the inclusion of air bubbles would reduce the strength of the material, it is necessary to introduce a binding agent into it, which has a gelatinous consistency and known fluidity. This additive, when introduced into the material, creates expandable walls for air bubbles. Vegetable glue containing gluten and starch, such as coarsely ground grain, chopped soybeans, after removing oil from them, or ground cassava roots, known as cassava, is recommended as such binding material.

The mentioned vegetable glue can be obtained by any method, for example, by cooking raw materials with the addition of an alkaline solution. Gelatin-like masses with their alkaline additive could be mixed with crushed quill and, after drying, such a product would have insulating qualities, but since such tenses 10 like masses shrink after the substance and prc harden when heated, the insulating material after the stove would excessive brittleness.

Finely divided fiber is added to eliminate embrittlement; the same fibrous substance is added to the binders, as a result of which the cells are bonded to a certain extent, while the resistance to pressure and stretching increases. Plain wood pulp can serve as a fibrous material for this purpose.

In order for the insulating material to obtain a large number of air bubbles and to acquire a higher iso / stiffness, casein, gluten or their mixture, which is treated with an alkaline solution, are used as foaming agents. The resulting salts are a sticky, gelatinous, water-soluble mass, which, when dried, dissolves in water with difficulty. To obtain a low solubility in water, lime lime is added to the colloidal binder after the substance.

Instead of casein, albumin glue can be used to produce foam and bubbles throughout the mineral. The conditions under which the displacement of the different constituents of the mixture is made depends on the degree of purity of the infusorial soil and on the strength of the alkali used. The conditions also vary depending on whether one wants to increase or decrease the number of bubbles per unit volume or the desired strength of the product. Good results were achieved with a mixture consisting of 22.3 ° / o thin diatomaceous earth, 0.9% casein, 1.1 ° / in fibrous substances, 1.3 °; g starch from

gluten, OD - about alkali and hydrated lime and 74% / v water (percent refers to the weight of the finished wet mix).

For starch use, 4 parts of alkali in the form of soda alkali and 10.6 parts of water are added to 7 parts of the starch containing substance. Similarly, an adhesive is prepared separately, which serves to form a foam in the finished mass. For example, 11.6 parts of casein are mixed with 0.6 parts of caustic soda, 1.2 parts of slaked lime and 86.6 parts of water. A small amount of copper sulphate with slaked lime can serve to fix casein, which prevents the development of a mixture of bacteria.

Applying wood pulp as a fibrous material. It is advisable to soak in water, chop it properly, and in this crushed form, apply to thin infusor earth. These ingredients are thoroughly kneaded with a mixer and a gelatinous starchy product is added to the mixture with thorough mixing, then a foaming agent is added to the mixture. The whole mass is vigorously stirred or whipped, for which you can use special mixers. Since the glue and the starch injected into the mass are converted into a gelatinous mass, the air is distributed throughout the whole mass of the product in extremely small bubbles.

Starch and casein are examples of hygroscopic colloids. In the manufacture of porous and bubble-filled masses, they play an important role; Not only do they make the cell strongly porous when semi-solid foam is prepared, but they are also necessary for D1 subsequent drying and curing. Starch and casein act as stabilizing and foaming agents and, as such, play an especially important role in whipping and drying; the same substances serve for the formation of non-crystallizable organosol with silica gel.

While whipping the mass, it is advisable to cool, for example, to 13-

23, since at this temperature the mass retains its gelatinous consistency.

At too low a temperature, the viscosity of the mixture rises to such an extent that it interferes with stirring. Experiments have shown that 10 ° is the lowest limit at which mixing is possible; below this temperature, stirring is very difficult.

When air is introduced in such a quantity that the mass of the mass increases from 50 to 100 ° C, the mass is poured over the surfaces to be dried, for example, on the screens, into the molds or onto the conveyor belt. It is advisable to put paper on top of the sheet. Due to such a boom: the gasket on the bottom surface of the mass lying on the sieve does not imprint the cells and, moreover, the material will not undergo deformation during dehydration. The sieve, which coaxes a portion of the transport device, is introduced into a heated drying chamber. In this chamber, the mass is left for 10-15 minutes at a temperature of from 120 to 130. Thus, the temperature difference between the start of drying and stirring is quite large, and the air trapped in the bubbles can still expand due to the plasticity of the mass before it hardens. Then, the temperature in the drying chamber rises to 180-190 ° and this temperature is kept for about 2 hours. Experiments have shown that even at a temperature of 200 ° C, dehydration occurs without harm to the material, if drying at this temperature is not carried out too much up to STL.

If it is required to obtain a mass that is more water resistant or less capillary, then part of the starch added to the mass can be replaced with paraffin and beeswax in an amount of about by weight of the dry material in the mixture. | 1 when mixing paraffin with wax, take 7 ° 1st paraffin and 250/0 wax. The addition to the other constituents is done after mixing them in the wet state. This wax additive

stronger. The material obtained from such a foam and dried was heated from 150 to 1400 ° and a highly porous refractory material was obtained, the mechanical properties of which were not impaired. Such a material is very suitable for high temperatures, since it does not lose its insulating properties. This treatment of the bulk by heating to a high temperature can be carried out before a thin layer of the wet mass of the mixture is applied to it, but it is possible to first cover the bulk with this wet mixture and then expose it to strong heating.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing an insulating material and fine porous masses for it from tripoli, chopped wood, foaming and sticky substances, characterized in that the mixture of tripoli and chopped wood is mixed in the presence of water with casein or albumen glue, with the addition of lime and with starch, and all together whipped into a foam to obtain air bubbles of the desired size, and then poured into molds and dried. 2. In the method of claim 1, adding a wax or paraffin emulsion to the mixture. 3. In the method according to claim 1, during foaming, the observance of much lower temperatures than during drying performed by heating. 4. In the preparation of plates, etc. according to the method of p. I, the application of pasting plates in several layers, obk;; their opening with sheets of sheet and the like impermeable to water materials and coating of the plates for protection against fire with a known composition containing ammonium and boric acid salt. 5. A variation of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the end of drying, the product is calcined until all the organic components are burned out.