SU49604A1 - Two-chamber milking machine - Google Patents

Description

The process of sucking, according to literature and laboratory materials, is a complex process. It is based on the interaction of a periodic vacuum and a periodic pressure on a cow's nipple, which determines the whole process of excretion of milk.

These two main factors in the process of calf sucking appear as follows. When the calf begins to suck, then, clasping the nipple at its base with the lips, it increases the volume of the oral cavity, in which the nipple is surrounded on all sides with her lips, so that a vacuum is created around the nipple, which sucks the milk from the nipple. Sucked milk must be swallowed. In order to perform the act of swallowing, the calf must necessarily lower the vacuum, for which it reduces the volume of the oral cavity in which the nipple is located, and produces a corresponding movement by the muscles of the mouth, providing swallowing. Compression of the mouth and swallowing is such an action that causes a decrease in vacuum and compression of the nipple stops (the division of milk. Thus, the excretion of milk is intermittent.

Existing modern vacuum machines, both single-chamber and dual-chamber, are insufficient

imitate calf sucking. Single chamber milking machines have a periodic vacuum under the nipple and, therefore, in this respect resemble calf sucking, but they have fixed walls of the teat cup and, therefore, there is no compression of the nipple and massage. In addition, during the creation of a periodic vacuum, outside air is let in from the barnyard, which is undesirable, since the milk can become contaminated and get the smell of the barnyard. Alfa-Laval's two-chamber milking machines, Moment et al. Have nipple compression during milking and the milking itself is periodic, but their vacuum under the nipple remains constant, which cannot but affect negatively the health of the nipple (swelling, hyperemia and etc.).

From the patent literature, two-chamber milking machines are known, in a pulsator of which there are a number of valves that control the operation of the milking stand and create a variable vacuum under the nipple.

The proposed dual chamber docking machine aims to bring the milk out by the machine to the calf milk sucking process by introducing a variable vacuum under the nipple into the double chamber machine with two strokes (sucking stroke and massage tact). For this purpose, a flexible partition was used in the junction box intended for water: the action of a constant vacuum on the nipple, which serves to close the chamber when air passes into the inter-chamber space of the teat cup.

The drawing shows a side view of a two-chamber milking machine in section.

The milking cup in the proposed machine consists of a metal sleeve 4 and a milking rubber tube 2 inserted inside the glass. The diameter of the rubber tube 2 is less than the diameter of the glass 4 so much so that the so-called interchamber space 3 of the teat cup, in which the vacuum changes periodically, is formed between the tube and the glass. The rubber tube forms the inner chamber 5 of the teat cup, which receives milk from the nipple. In this last chamber, a constant vacuum is maintained in conventional two-chamber machines. A teat cup with a rubber hose b is connected to the chamber 7, which is already connected to the junction box 75, designed to create a vacuum in the chamber 5 and 5.

The distribution box 75 is divided into two chambers 9 and / 7 by means of a flexible partition 10, of which the first one is a constant vacuum chamber and the chamber 7 / serves as an alternating vacuum chamber. The interchamber space 5 of the teat cup through the opening 16 is connected via a hose 12 to an alternating vacuum chamber 77 of the junction box 75, and an inner teat cup 5 through a hose 6 and the chamber 7 is connected to a constant vacuum chamber 9. A flexible partition 10 serves to close the chamber 7 at the time of passage of air through the chamber 77 into the inter-chamber space 3 of the teat cup.

The action of the milking machine is as follows. When sucking, the tube 2 is in the position shown in the drawing by a continuous line, since chambers 5 and 5 have a vacuum of the same magnitude. The bending wall H is also in the position shown in the drawing by a solid line, whereby the milk from chamber 5 through tube 6 and through chamber 7 enters chamber 9, from where it passes through tube 13 into the milking bucket. When atmospheric pressure enters the chamber 77 after the vacuum, which increases gradually, the flexible partition 10 is pressed against the opening of the chamber 7 and thus separates the chamber 7, and hence the chamber .5 from the constant vacuum chamber 9. Further, when the vacuum in the chamber decreases 77, and therefore in the tube 72 communicating with it between the inner space 3, the milking tube 2 begins to contract, since there is a vacuum inside it. Compression of the tube 2 (shown in dotted lines in the drawing) reduces the volume of chamber 5, whereby the vacuum under the nipple is reduced. When in chamber 3 there will be full atmospheric pressure, then in chamber 5 with proper selection of its volume there will be a small vacuum, which, together with the elasticity of rubber, balances the atmospheric pressure in chamber 5. At this moment the cow's nipple will be slightly compressed and due to the lowering of the vacuum under the nipple will rest from the fatigue that sucking has caused him. In order to compress the nipple more, it is necessary to give more atmospheric pressure into the inter-chamber space 3, which will entail, in addition to compressing the nipple, increased pressure in chamber 5 to atmospheric and more, depending on the pressure in inter-chamber space 3, but go along pressure cannot be, as this may push the nipple out of the glass.

The advantage of the proposed milking machine, according to the visitor, compared to the existing two-chamber machines is that the nipple, together with compression, is not exposed to full vacuum, but is in a lower vacuum than when sucking, which allows the nipple to rest better. In addition, there is a better compression of the nipple, and therefore massage it. It is also possible to give increased pressure under the nipple.

The subject matter of the invention.

A two-chamber milking machine, characterized in that, in order to stop the vacuum under the nipple at the time of its massage, in a switch box / 5 designed to apply a constant vacuum to the nipple, a partition 10 is used, which serves to close the chamber 7 at the moment of passage air through the chamber 11 into the inter-chamber space of the teat cups.

im .. r g

// f-f