SU490501A1 - Centrifugal separator with pulsating discharge of sediment - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of separation of liquid inhomogeneous systems into their constituent phases and can be used in the chemical, microbiological and other sectors of the industry. Known centrifugal separators with mechanical unloading of sediment, containing drums with base and cover, plate holder with a package of conical plates and a mechanism for unloading sediment with a piston, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, covering the base of the drum and having a flange. In the lower part of the drum, there is a chamber for buffer liquid, which is connected by droplets with chambers formed on both sides of the flange. In the known separators, the sediment is discharged from the drum through the gaps between the base and the piston moving along the axis under the action of the hydrostatic pressure of the buffer fluid periodically supplied to the super-piston or sub-piston chamber. The sediment is discharged using manual control or an external electrical automation system, which reduces the efficiency of the separator and complicates its design. In addition, in such a separator, the overlap of the discharge slots of the reservoir is performed slowly, as a result of which the precipitate mixes with the inter-tray liquid and the humidity of the precipitate increases. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the moisture content of the discharge sediment and increase the efficiency of the separator. This is achieved by the fact that the mechanism for unloading sediment is equipped with an additional piston for removing the buffer liquid from under the main piston, installed between the base and the flange of the main piston, and a valve located in the buffer liquid chamber for supplying the buffer liquid under the main piston. At the same time, in the body of the main piston and in the base of the drum, the channels for supplying the buffer fluid above and below the additional piston are made, and the flange of the main piston has a protrusion with a conical groove. FIG. 1 shows the proposed separator, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - section aa and fng. one; in fig. 3 is a section along BB in FIG. 2. A centrifugal separator with sediment unloading consists of pz drum 1 with base and lid 2, plate loops 3, a set of conical plates 4, a sediment unloading mechanism with main and additional 5 H 6 and a receiving chamber 7 for buffer liquid. The piston 5 is made in the form of a naked cylinder with a flange 8 covering the base of the drum and its upper end edge pressing against the gasket 9 at the base. The additional piston 6 has face sealing rings 10 mounted between the base and the flange 8 of the main piston and serves to drain the buffer fluid from under the main piston 5 through the holes 11 and 12. In the body of the main piston there are channels 13 connecting the chamber 14 under the piston 5 with the chamber 15 above the additional piston 6 and the openings 16 serving to communicate the chamber 7 with the chamber 17 under the additional piston 6. To supply the buffer liquid into the chamber 14 under the piston 5 in the separator there is a valve 18 located in the chamber 7. For draining the liquid The remaining in chambers 14, 15 and 17 are holes 19 and 20 in the body of the piston 5. On the flange 8 of the main piston 5 there is a protrusion 21 with a conical groove, periodically interacting with the valve 18. The chamber 7 through channels 22 is connected to the chamber 23 above the main piston 5 and the channel 24 with the chamber 14 under the main piston. The described separator works as follows. 30 After the drum has reached its full operating speed, buffer liquid is fed into chamber 7 at a low flow rate. Depending on the position of the piston 5, it enters the chamber 14 through the open valve 18 or through the 35 channels 24 and 13 and 11 into the chamber 15 above the additional pressure 6. As a result, under the action of hydrostatic pressure, the piston 6 is lowered and the mechanical seals 10 block off 40 versus 11 and 12. Continuing to flow the buffer fluid creates a hydrostatic pressure in chamber 14, with the result that the piston 5 rises and closes the discharge slots. Excess buffer fluid flows through the openings 25. When the main piston moves upward, the conical groove of its lug 21 comes off the bevel on the valve 18 and the latter interrupts the communication of chamber 7 with chamber 14. Next, the buffer fluid supplied with a capacity greater than its consumption, through the holes 24 begins to accumulate in the chamber 7. The product to be processed through the pi-taip1, the tube 26 is continuously fed into the working cavity of the drum. The fugate clarified in the interpipe gaps is lifted through the channels of the plate holder 3 and removed from the drum either by free draining or by means of a pressure device 27. 5 10 15 20 50 60 The sediment accumulates in the drum sludge space and is ejected from it when opening the discharge slots, which is performed as follows . The buffer fluid continuously flowing into the chamber 7 reaches the channels 22 and through them first enters the chamber 23 above the piston 5 and then through the channel 16 into the chamber 17 under the piston 6. The creating hydrostatic pressure from the buffer fluid raises the additional piston 6, which opens the holes 11 and 12, thereby giving free flow of fluid from chamber 14. Under the action of the hydrostatic pressure in chamber 23 above the main piston, the latter drops abruptly and, pressing on the bevel of the clanan 18, opens it. After being accumulated in chamber 7, the buffer fluid enters chamber 14, and piston 5 rises as described above. The remaining liquid in the chamber above the piston is poured from the drum through the holes 19 and 20. The frequency of the pulsations of the piston is controlled by the flow rate of the buffer liquid. The proposed separator allows to increase the separator productivity by reducing the time for sludge unloading, to reduce the moisture of the unloaded sludge, which, in turn, reduces the processing and production of the finished product in the form of paste and powder. In addition, the separator automates the processing of the suspension without the use of an automation system. Subject of the invention: Centrifugal separator with pulsating discharge of sediment, made in the form of a drum containing a base, a lid, a plate holder with a package of conical plates and a mechanism for unloading the sediment, including a piston in the form of a hollow cylinder, covering the base of the drum and having a flange, and a buffer liquid chamber characterized in that, in order to reduce the moisture of the discharged sludge and increase the efficiency of the separator, the mechanism for unloading the sludge is equipped with an additional piston for outputting buffer fluid The main piston located between the base and the flange of the main piston and the valve located in the buffer liquid chamber for supplying the buffer liquid below the main piston, while the channels for supplying the buffer liquid above and below the additional piston are made in the body of the latter and at the base , and the flange of the main shell has a projection with a conical groove.

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