SU48977A1 - Mechanical device (stoker) for supplying fuel to the furnace of a locomotive - Google Patents

Description

Charging devices for locomotive fireboxes are known, consisting of a conveyor supplying fuel to the spreader, and the spreader itself supplying fuel to the furnace periodically with jolts.

In the proposed device, the spreader is made in the shape of a shovel associated with a spring piston rod, which at appropriate moments receives impulses under the action of steam in the cylinder, all this system has a forward-return motion. A camshaft with cam discs serves to communicate these pulses. A scraper conveyor is used to transfer the coal to the spreader.

In the schematic drawing of FIG. 1 is a side elevational view; FIG. 2 - view from above; FIG. 3 is a cross section of a scraper conveyor; FIG. 4 is a side view of the spreader and FIG. 5 is a horizontal section.

The coal spreader 7 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is made in the shape of a shovel with two vertical walls 2 and 3 arranged at an angle to one another and connected to the shaft - Porsch 5 (Fig. 5); the latter is equipped with a spring 6 and is placed in a cylinder 7 attached to the rear part of the spreader / by means of a flange 5. The described system, placed in the tube P (Fig. 1), is equipped with

nut /, mounted on the screw //, receiving rotation from the steam engine / 2 through the gears J3 and 7-, the rod 75 and the gears 76 and 77.

The cylinder / is equipped with valves: inlet 7 and outlet 7 I fixed on spring-loaded rods bearing rollers 20 and 27 at their ends abutting on cam discs 22 and 25 sitting on the camshaft 2. The shaft is rotated by a three-toothed ratchet wheel 25 mounted on it. , dog 26 and fist 27.

The conveyor located above the spreader consists of two parallel beams 28 between which scrapers 29 are suspended, freely suspended from rods 30 connecting the beams 2S, and cross-pieces 57 serving as stops limiting the turn of the scrapers back. The rolls 25 by means of a two-armed lever .52 with an axis 55 of rotation pivotally mate with a nut 5- seated on a screw 55, driven by a steam engine 72.

On the lever 52, the pin 55 is fastened, which is included in the long slotted 38,. connected to the stem 39 of the spool 40, placed in the chamber 4J, which communicates with the tube 42 to the steam line 5, with the help of tube 44 to the atmosphere and using the tube 45 to the bottom of the chamber 46.

the upper part of which is also in communication with the atmosphere. In the chamber there is a piston 47, the stem of which is connected: by a reversing valve 48.

When the nut 34 is moved to the forward position (i.e., in Fig. 1 to the left), the upper end of the lever 32 moves backward (in the drawing to the right) and moves the beams 28 in the same direction. At this time, the scrapers, hitting the coal layer behind them, turn on the rods 30 until their lower end reaches the top of the coal layer, and then move further in this position together with the beams 28. When the conveyor has reached its extreme the rear position and begins to move back, scrapers, meeting the lower ends of the coal, lower and occupy a vertical position (as shown in the drawing); Moving forward, each scraper moves its lortia coal in front of it.

The front flap dumps its portion of coal through the funnel 49 to the spreader 7, and the rear flaps consistently move their portions to a distance equal to the length of movement of the beams 28. The conveyor carries out such operations in each of its turns.

In order to prevent a possible delay in lowering any of the scrapers in case a large piece of coal gets under it, each scraper is made not of a single width, but from separate strips (Fig. 3). Then, if one of the scraper strips does not descend due to a large piece that has fallen, then the others will be lowered, and the shield will generally participate in the work.

At the time when the conveyor goes forward, the spreader / goes back. At the approach of the shovel under the hole 50, the plank 51 captures the latch 52 and carries it back. Coal, which had time to pour out on the valve and falling from the tray 53, falls behind the spreader /. At this time, the nut 34 of the lead screw 35 comes to its extreme rear position and through the pull of 38 moves the hammer 40 back; the steam from the chamber 41 enters the lower part of the chamber 46 and raises the piston 47, and with it the reversing valve 48, due to

which the machine changes the direction of rotation of the screw //, which, when rotated, starts moving the nut JO and with it the thrower / towards the firebox.

At the approach of the nut 10 to the furnace (at this time the shovel, the spreader has already entered the furnace) of the tooth; the ratchet wheel 25 meets the pawl 26 and upon further advancement of the spreader, the camshaft 24 rotates a portion of the circle on Vs; at this time, the roller 21 of the exhaust valve 19 comes off the cam B of the cam disc 23 and the valve 19 is closed; the cam from the fist disk 22 fits under the roller 20 and opens the intake valve 18. Air (or steam) rushes through channel 55 into cylinder 7, as a result of which piston 5, and with it, rod 41 with a shovel spreader / dramatically moves forward and this by a sharp movement, the coal is dropped from the shovel to the grate. / As the piston 5 approaches the extreme forward position, the fist 27 captures a tooth az of the ratchet wheel 25, which, when it first turns the camshaft, stands upright and turns the camshaft e e Ve on part of a circle. At this point, the cam C of the disk 22 closes the intake valve 18, and the cam bi of the disk 23 opens the exhaust valve 19; the air (or steam) leaves the cylinder 7 and the piston 5 returns to its original position under the action of the spring b.

After the second rotation of the camshaft by the fist 27, the tooth a stands in the upper vertical position (takes the place of the tooth a in Fig. 1) and the camshaft assumes the ready position for throwing the next portion of coal.

After the coal is thrown, the stoker machine reverses the screw to //, as a result of which the spreader / starts to move backwards after the next portion of the coal.

Tray 53, attached to the frame of the locomotive booth, with its broad part fits under the edge of the conveyor, to the lower plane of which the apron is attached so that the movement of the tender relative to the locomotive does not affect the operation of the conveyor. For the same purpose, the articulated shafts 15 are arranged telescopic.

In order to better coal distribution over the entire grate, it is useful to put two spreaders 7 and give the position of the shovel to the vertical walls of the shovel shown in FIG. 2. With one spreader, the walls are arranged symmetrically (Fig. 5).

It is useful to make the heights of the inlet cams differently in order to get the intake valve 18 of a different size open, as a result of which forces of a different size will act on the piston 5, and therefore throws of different ranges will be obtained.

For the same purpose of throwing coal into various parts of the grid, an instrument can be installed to change the angle of the pipe 9, so that at the greatest angle of inclination the coal will be thrown into the back of the grid, if the pipe is horizontal, into the front, etc. For this the drive gear 77 is connected by a hinge shaft 56 to the lead screw 57, equipped with a nut 58, which, when moving along the screw, actuates the lever 59 and the crank 60, connected by means of the connecting rod 61 to the double-arm lever 62 on the axis 63. The rear part of the pipe 9 lies on shaft 6 4, the middle of which is articulated with the lever 62. The front end of the pipe 9 is pivotally connected to the furnace casing.

When the stoker is in operation, the screw 57 rotates the nut 55, which pin 65 pushes the lever 59 back and forth, and the latter rotates the crank 60 through a brush (to prevent reverse rotation, put a ratchet). FIG. 1 shows the greatest angle of inclination of the pipe 9 when the crank elbow is in the lower position; with further clockwise rotation, the crank, coming out of the lower extreme position, with the assistance of gravity on the second end of the lever 62 will move to the upper position,

in which the pipe 9 will take a horizontal position. In this way, fuel will be consistently thrown into the front, middle and rear parts of the firebox.

Steam (or compressed air) is supplied to cylinder 7 through flexible hose 66,

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. Mechanical device (stoker) for supplying fuel to the furnace of a locomotive using a conveyor for supplying fuel to the spreader, reproducing the flow periodically with jerks, characterized in that the spreader / (Fig. 1 and 2) is in the shape of a shovel with an oblique friend to a friend, the vertical walls 2 and 5, connected with the stem 4 of the spring piston 5, receiving impulses at the proper moments under the action of steam in the cylinder 7, which system moves directly back in the pipe 9 under the action of the nut 10 and screw //, rotation from the usual stoker steam engine. 2. In the device according to claim 1, use a mechanism for communicating a shovel of pulses consisting of a camshaft 24 (FIG. 2) with cam discs 22 and 25 interacting on one side with a pawl 26 and a fist 27, and on the other with spring valve stems 18 and 19 controlling the inlet and outlet of steam in cich: indr 7. 3. In fixture on PP. 1 and 2, the use of a scraper conveyor consisting of beams 25 (Fig. 1) connected to each other by rods 30 and crossbars 3J, of which the first serve as the axis of rotation dp of the scraper 29, and the second stops that limit the rotation in one side, which parts receive return movements from the stoker machine and serve to supply the portions of fuel to the funnel 49 in order to transfer them to the spreader /. 0126 fig 4 a, 24 Fig2 figs t 1 -1 --- - t .tg & I I I I I I I I I I I 1 , f ... 4.:.| .. jf.