SU47255A1 - A method of making Nipkoff discs photographically - Google Patents

Description

In the technique of transferring images and in adjacent areas, so-called Nipkov disks are often used for both the purpose of adding and decomposing an image, and for the purpose of quickly periodically interrupting or attenuating a light beam, i.e. to modulate the transmitted light flux. In addition to the conventional manufacture of disks by mechanical means, manufacturing methods are known in which the holes are obtained photographically. This is achieved, for example, by the fact that the desired device is drawn on a greatly enlarged scale and then projected on a reduced scale onto a photosensitive medium. In the case when the original has the required holes in the form of black surfaces on a white background, f (tsgraphic negative will have transparent surface areas s points, with (399)

corresponding holes, and an opaque background. An increase in the auxiliary% ioro pattern calls for a reduction in possible errors with a decrease.

Further, it is known that the described photographic methods, mainly for Soviet modulators,; The determined modulation characteristic can be changed in such a way that the corresponding diaphragm, the arc length of which represents the integral part () of the circle, is reproduced in a photographic way by a short-circuit carrier, while its projection is inverted along its periphery. In this way, the unevenness that occurs in the graphic image should be eliminated.

Similar proposals, as well as mechanical manufacturing methods, are equally unsatisfactory,

since they do not provide for the elimination of the influence of the distorting forces developing during the fast rotation. The limits of their distortion are specified by the necessary intermediate mechanical means (pitch circles, measuring devices, etc.).

In contrast to this, the present invention, based on the application of snapshot methods, provides a method for producing Nipkoff disks from any material in the kinematic state in which it will be further exploited. The photographic flashes of the yin-free lightning relay are driven by the disk itself. In this case, electric means achieve a flash frequency permeability, which ensures greater accuracy of marking than during mechanical operation. Invention Nrime: 1 me for Nilkov disks or drums, etc., with strictly limited contours of the holes located along the circumference but helix, or: otherwise, but also for light modulators with continuously measured holes; used) MIs, for example, to obtain an antectum / pus amplitude change. For this purpose, it is necessary to impart to the diaphragm, displayed by a photographic route, a corresponding configuration, which should undergo an r-fold repetition during rotation on the working disk; prn this / / means the number of times: modern jumps in one turn.

An exemplary implementation of the invention is shown in FIG. 1-4, in which the device is shown, has holes, uniformly distributed over the circumference. The shape and number of these holes can be arbitrary. It is possible to fabricate double-function discs, for example, such discs, which, in addition to decomposing the image, also provide photo-excitation of sync / sync pulses for long-range vision. In this case, one should only take care of the corresponding execution of the aperture, providing a loop; during one flash, one: a projection of several holes of various shapes, size and relative position. Further, in case the holes are not located on a circle (i.e., not in a closed curve), for example, for a spiral, it is necessary to introduce a second organ sequentially shifting the radar image from hole to hole, for example, controlled oscillating mirror, reflecting or refracting vreschaEOShchey prism, etc .; this organ must be rigidly and without a “dead stroke” connected to the shaft of the Nipkov disk (by means of non-transmission with an appropriate gear ratio).

In accordance with the invention, in order to obtain openings located around the circumference, as shown in FIG. 1, depicting -: asgy metal working disk - 1, first mechanically and in large magnification: in the form of holes 2, 3. 4, 5, 6 are drilled or stamped. . ; the diameter of these holes must donate some relative displacement of the position of the light holes to be obtained from further, i.e., it must „grasp the greatest error created by the mechanical marking pattern.: toostyst: about rotary movement. N-d holes m 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in accordance with; ;; with FIG. 2, kakleivayutsya; square glass plates 7, 8, 9. For this purpose, I | Lastin1: hard position, not mening 1; Egos with fast during: 1 base /, and for: Lenyzen:; 1 salt, the rotation they create, to disk 1, according to the rotation; with the phpg 2 and 2, a second, correspondingly large, cuts 11, 12, 13 metal ;; disk 10; Both dies and sister are fastened to each other through rivets, BINTS or the like; especially hardy places around in re; sk. Made on a turning one: ke disks can be somewhat thickened, at: b in corrections to the center, as it is on / fgo from phgG. 2, In all cases, the thickness of the disk 10 in the zone where the notches P, 12, 13 are located, should be at least equal to the thickness of the glued steles of the 7, 8, 9 plates; this will provide a fairly smooth frontal

surface. To ensure this, and to prevent the plates from moving during rotation, the gaps (gaps) between each of them 7, 8, 9 and the cuts 11, 12, 13 surrounding them are filled with a special bonding material, for example, viscous glue or resin. Instead of glass plates, some other transparent plates of other material, such as celluloid (film material), on which the photosensitive emulsion is applied with a uniform but thin layer, can also be used.

For the purpose of a more accurate installation (see below), there are auxiliary slots 15, 16, 17 on the disk. . . that coincide with the zoo of the angular location with holes 2, 3, 4, 5 within the limits allowed by mechanical marking.

The photographic-made holes can be made in the form of slots, as shown, for example, in FIG. H and 36. lia FIG. Behind BH.u.o there is a finished hole 14 located in the center of the hole 2; 7-glass-) plate, 11 - its rim on the half of the disk 10. FIG. 36, the photographic image of the slit 14 is somewhat offset from the middle of the carrier; in other words, here the center is otv; Instruction 2, due to the inaccuracy of the mechanical marking, is shifted relative to the normal –io band; u1. This drawing shows, in an obvious way, what kind of correction the pololsen ;: holes 14 should be entered to achieve the same distance np. between all the slots 14 on the entire disk (according to the method constituting the subject matter of the present H1, his invention).

For the purposes of a photograph (pictorial processing, which isKispoglyzlenny isK, as it was done earlier, they are photosensitive by coating individual glass liners 7,8, 9, etc. photoemulsion;:. The thickness of the emulsion layer may be different metering, for example, by spraying the entire disk during slow rotation and then removing the photosensitive material from all parts of the disk, excluding the windows, it is clear that pokritna can be done by using a protective template so that the emulsion is applied only on overhnosti 7. 8, 9, and so on. d.

The disc made as described above, in accordance with FIG. 4, a shaft of an electric motor 18 rotating at a normal operating speed (for a disk) is fitted. A magnetic siren 19 is mounted on the second shaft, fitted with iron teeth located around the circumference, and is excited by its rotation; s in the coil 20 pulses e. d. The latter act on the control grid of the amplifying lamp 21.

It is possible instead of magnetic; : siren to use a conventional capacitive or photoelectric generator; 19 siren can be replaced by a condenser siren s connect; l - {guppy with a lamp oscillator or disco :. c from srstn mi in so: ginep: i1 with source, c ami / eta and fotoelemeef tom. CnpeiLi is chosen in such a way that the ch: C of current pulses, the city perirusing it in one turn, correspond to the number of holes distributed along the edge of the disk. The frequency of the pulses can be twice as small or even n three times: less, but 3 times later, for example, the gel is doubled with a half-wave straightening, or with help; The multiplier of the multiplier is tripled; o: 1 :: ako, it should be implemented in the part of the anaarat where frequency separation takes place, i.e. behind the lamp 2: i. To amplify the current pulses generated by the siren, a further amplification device 22 should be switched on behind the lamp 21. Its output must be connected through the coupling element 23 with a ng tuning: 1 s, in this case backward, oscillatory circuit: m 24, have1, :: m small; .v.eKpeMeHiLV. fading out ;; PIA, and, therefore, ostronastranzayutsmsl in resonance at the frequency snreny.

Selected T3:; iiM way cpto sinusoidal alternating voltage is connected by means of coupling element 25 to the net circuit of the lamp 23, in the anode circuit of which it can be equipped with: 1 previously accepted}: and frequency.

The pulses are then: tea in the anode circuit of the lamp 26 is passed through a reactor coil 27 with an iron saturated core; the parameters of which are designed so that: its clamps HN; there are extremely sharp voltage peaks, which in turn affect the grid of the follower lamp 29, to which an adjustable negative bias from the voltage source 40 is applied; the offset is chosen so that the anode current appears only during short-term peaks of voltage pulses at the terminals of coil 27. Thus, it is possible to obtain short-term control pulses for flashlights carried out by the inertia-free light relay 31 and projected onto the disk. With the help of the resonant circuit 24, all mechanical inaccuracies of the siren markings, manifested in the form of parasitic modulation, are electrically eliminated, since the circuit in this case is feedback damped extremely weakly. The pulses generated by this circuit are completely evenly distributed in time, as a result of which the images of the blend projected onto the disk are equally spaced apart from each other.

As a light relay 31, for example, a Kerr cell with a light source 37 and nicknames 33, 34 can be used. In front of the cell, nick 34 should be fitted with a hood, the cutout of which has the required shape and size. The cut-out through a good lens 39 is projected on a photoplate of glass plasgioids 7, 8, 9, etc., in accordance with the momentum; voltage pulse, podanpom by 2S lamp on} silytel 30, negative sharply delineated slit images are obtained on the photoplate. After the manifestation and t, d .. carried out through the processing of the disc, which is in a horizontal position, the exponent and fixer and after washing, the negative should be turned into a translucent slit 14 (fng. Zy) on a black background CBCTOHenpOKHuaeMOM. However, such treatment can be eliminated if the screen, which is transferable through object 38 to the emulsion, O, is tically reversed., I.e., inside a sufficiently large transparent cutout, the projection of which on plates 7, 8, 3 and t d, slightly overlaps their surface, placing a small screen that is of the correct size and shape, for example, by sticking it onto a glass window. In this case, a transparent slit hole 14 appears on the photonegative against a darkened background, and thus there is no need for chemical treatment. The intensity of the light source in this case must, of course, be very significant, so that the field surrounding the slit 14 is very dark. In the case of the use of light relays, giving a sufficiently high brightness only inside a more or less limited (i-point) surface, for example, in the case of the Brown cathode tube, chemical circulation is absolutely necessary, while using, for example, the Kerr cell You can successfully apply optical appeal through a negative blend.

A relay with a cathode luminescent spot has for the invention the advantage of allowing work with small control voltages :. At the same time, short-time flashes required for contrasting slit 14 images can be obtained without direct force changes. Achieving the required form and the shape of the slit 14 when using a relay with a cathode switch does not present any difficulties, since at present it is easy to get to the light of the screen any configurations of the hole in the electron-optical way. The run time of electrons from the cathode to the light of the screen at anode stresses of the order of 1000 volts is so small that it will not be necessary to do any kind of correction.

An installation device, consisting of lis additional cut-outs 15, 16, 17, shown in Fig. 2, and the second one connected to the DZ amplifier, is provided for. a whiteout relay (fig. 4). This light relay provides a Kerr 32 cell with lamp 33 and Nickel 35.36. Light beam from cell 32 ,.

pacpov ovhenny on dkametra disk, together with the beam from the cell 31 passes through the holes 15, 16, 17 disk and enters the eye A of the observer. The phase of the electric illuminating pulses is controlled by rotating the coil 20 or by selecting the grid capacitor of the lamp 26 so that the slots 15, 16, 17, etc., are maximally illuminated. In this case, with the correct relative position of both imaging optical systems, the photographic images should be positioned correctly.

It goes without saying that during exposure, care should be taken that the light from the auxiliary Kerr 32 cell does not affect the emulsion of the glass plates 7, 8, 9, etc., and that the entire disk is not exposed to the appearance of the disc. This can be accomplished by conventional methods unrelated to the subject invention.

In order to achieve particularly contrasting images of the slit 14, it is necessary to limit the exposure process to the lowest possible number of disk turns. The ideal would be, taking into account the oscillations of the motor shaft that were left alone, to be limited to one revolution. The required exposure time limit for this can be achieved, for example, by short-circuiting the grid of lamps 1; s 29 by means of time relay 28.

Light holes or transparent images (which in the case of light modulators can be alternating dimming zones or transparent shapes of variable configuration) obtained in the described manner can be made even more contrast by means of subsequent mechanical shielding. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the surrounding image the slit 14 inside the round hole 2 can be completely shaded by applying an opaque lacquer or by applying a mechanical diaphragm, the KOTOpofi cut-out is only slightly larger 1 0 of the top, denoted by 14. This eliminates the known transparency of the surrounding field, which distorts the transmission of images. For this method, it is advisable to use marking devices that provide precise work at high optical magnification and thereby eliminate the possibility of blocking the slot.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method of making Nipkoff discs by photographic means, characterized in that the holes are photographed using the following methods: photographing during rotation of the disc at an operating speed. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, for photographing, light flashes whose frequency is in whole or fractional relation to the fundamental frequency of the generator associated with the disk are used for photographing. to patent the fault of the firm. telegraph telegraphy V, . U} 7 " .v .. | .. r f ,,,. iml em - l-ffi D). n / x-C5;  Y. 4 (r . ,, | ф | н1Л-; | -14 |.;. ™ - “„ NP P L4-J | f & u „Telefunke, the island wirelessly with ogre. rep. № 47255