SU449692A1 - The working body of the gun for soilless tillage - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to the working bodies of implements for the processing of the night without shipment.

Known working bodies of implements for soil-free tillage, consisting of a flat-cutting paw and stand; The working surface of the paw is composed of two parts: a cutting and a loose one with a constant crumbling angle to the bottom of the furrow. However, the working body with such a paw surface has a small zone of soil deformation, forms ridges and compacts the bottom of the furrow. The low agrotechnical effect of the known working bodies is explained by the fact that the geometrical shape of the working surface of the paw is not designed for the given deformations and the physicomechanical properties of the night.

In the proposed working body, in order to improve the crumbling of the soil over the entire surface of the paw, its working surface is made with a double Gaussian bulge. Up curvature: negative - in the cutting zone and positive - in the crumbling zone; The main horizontal sketch of this surface may have a variable curvature with a smaller angle of the solution of the paw on the tip.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed working body in three projections; in fig. 2 - working surface of the paw; in fig. 3 - profile

chest paws; in fig. 4 - paw, axonometrics.

The working body consists of paws 1 n rack 2.

The surface of the paws. And has a complex cryo-linear form, consisting of individual compartments

different gaussian curvature. Each of the surface compartments has a specific technological purpose, for example, compartment 3 is designed for cutting soil formation, and compartment 4 for crumbling and loosening, in accordance with the phases of the process of interaction of the working body with the soil.

The crumbling and loosening of the soil layer are the processes of destruction of the bonds between the soil particles and the separation

one from the other. During the operation of the wedge, all particles of the soil layer are under the influence of elementary forces of pressure of the working surface. The elementary forces in the plane of motion of these particles and act on directions that deviate from the normal N to the surface at an external friction angle f in the direction opposite to the direction of the relative velocity of the particle. The processes of deformation and destruction of the soil are determined by the elementary forces arising from the interaction of the surface with the soil. Depending on the strength of these forces, the soil is either trimmed or crushed intensively.

Thus, technological condition;

soil processing tillage predetermined. gnioot) metric parameters and the shape of individual compartments of the working surface.

Thus, small angles (ai 10–15 °) of cutting (see Fig. 3, point L) deform the soil at the lowest cost of energy because the resultant elementary forces Ri at the moment of primary deformation are slightly inclined from the vertical and directed almost across the formation. In this case, the main part of the effort is expended on the deformation of the separation (cutting) of the soil layer. The geometrical parameters of the surface section with a negative Gaussian curvature are most suitable for the correct implementation of the technological process of undercutting due to deformation of the fracture. At large angles (a2 45-60 °) of cutting (see Fig. 3, point B), the resultant elementary forces R2 are directed almost along the formation. Longitudinal cracks are formed ahead of the working body, parallel to its movement, which leads to the separation of the soil layer and intensive crumbling due to fracture and bulging of the layers. The geometrical parameters of the surface section with a positive Gaussian curvature are most suitable for the implementation of the process of splitting the soil layer.

Experiments show that the surface that gives the maximum network of cracks when exposed to the soil (which contributes to the formation of a finely lumpy structure) is a convex surface. In addition, since the strength of the bonds between the soil particles in the horizontal and vertical directions is different, the impact of a surface with a height-varying direction of elementary pressure forces is effective for breaking. This effect gives the surface a double Gaussian curvature: the negative curvature changes to a positive one.

Proceeding from the requirements of horizontal cutting of the soil layer and shifting it to the side with simultaneous crumbling, the curve of the bypass in the XOY plane is constructed; at the same time, the main sketch of the surface is also carried out along a curve with a variable curvature and a smaller angle of the solution on the tip of the paw.

The technological process is as follows. Paw when moving the working body is inserted into the soil, cuts the soil layer with a compartment of the surface with negative Gaussian curvature, the cutting angle of which has a minimum value. The clipped soil layer, raised from the working surface, enters into its compartment with a positive Gaussian curvature, which has a maximum crumbling angle. Such a variable in the direction of the impact of the working surface leads to intensive crumbling of the soil without increasing the drag of the working body.

Subject invention

Claims (2)

1. Working body of a tool for soilless tillage, including a stand and a flat-cutting paw fixed to it, the working surface of which has undercutting and loosening parts, characterized in that, for the purpose of more intensive crushing of the soil over the entire surface of the paw, its working surface is made This Gaussian bulge of upward curvature: negative in the cutting zone and positive - in the split zone. 2. A working organ according to claim 1, characterized in that the main horizontal essay of the surface has a variable sign on the curvature with a smaller angle of solution on its toe. (rig.1 Q.. Rig