SU43845A1 - Control device for wind turbines - Google Patents

Description

Wind turbines are known in which the rotation of the blades, for the purpose of adjustment, is carried out by compressed air, which is inactive on the piston of a separate cylinder, which is connected to the blade. In the proposed regulating device for wind turbines, a pressure regulator is applied, the piston of which is affected by a separate head and which by means of a servomotor and a corresponding gear rotates the wing of the wind turbine.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of a wind turbine; FIG. 2 is the same in front; FIG. 3-wheel axle wheel - cross-section; FIG. 4 is the same, front view; fpg 5- wheel hub-front view; FIG. 6 is the same cross section; FIG. 6. 6, 6-wing and its details; FIG. 7-auxiliary wind wheel for adjusting wind turbines; L is a side view; FIG. 8 is a diagram of a regulatory body; FIG. 9-diagram of rehultor pressure; FIG. 10 and 11 are different positions of the regulator and the wind turbine wing.

The drawing depicts a wind turbine of the proposed system, designed for a particular case of the task: power IOOO cat, synchronous generator, speed of the wind wheel 20, generator-500. The diameter of the wind wheel to 80. ". The height of the center of the wind wheel above the ground is about 60 m.

When operating a wind turbine with a synchronous generator, the speed of the wind wheel should be constant. Since the number of revolutions of the wind wheel depends on a very variable wind force, which is capable, outside of our control, to give energy and not enough to fully load the generator, and much more than necessary, the main regulator of the wind turbine must act in direct dependence on winds at the moment.

Consequently, such a konstruktiv tsn of the regulator, which, under the direct influence of the wind, would perceive all changes in its mode, turn them into appropriate movements, and perform these movements, would change the angle of installation of the wings in such a way, so that the load is wind at the maximum possible, but not exceeding the permissible limit.

Thus, this regulation presupposes palpchies of two kinds of mechanisms: a mechanism that perceives wind impulses and gives movement, i.e., a recipient mechanism and an executing mechanism, which performs the adjustment work (servomotor).

Constructive; - gfilyev should be such that manipulation with them during the regulation does not depend on the weather conditions (ice, frost) and require m: and the power consumption. In addition, all the ion-structural elements and devices that regulate the | Ц11Х mechanisms should be maxim. But simple and act smoothly.

All these requirements are attempted by the author, r, in the proposed design of the wheel and the regulator, which operates depending on the strength of the wind.

The wind turbine (Figs. 1 and 2) mainly consists of a working wind cube mounted on a lattice iron tower.

The wind wheel, which sits on the steel hollow shaft, is connected by means of a coupling with a speed booster n further to a synchronous generator.

The wind turbine head rests on the tower and is rotated on it by means of rollers moving along a circular rail.

holding the tail appendage, entering: inside the tower.

Two circular on sa this appendage; concentric, respectively, along the tower itself, keep the engine head in the correct position with respect to the tower by means of a system of vertical rollers,

Installation of a wind turbine head to the wind is carried out by means of two electric motors installed in the above-mentioned 1. above tail appendage and in engagement with a circular roller of roller type mounted on the tower. from the center of the wind wheel to a considerable distance (in this construction about 15 hours) in order for this mechanism to receive pulses from the wind environment, if possible, under the conditions of e natural state.

The receiving mechanism has as its main task the provision of the possibility of the stable operation of a wind turbine in the system of other power plants.

The wind wheel (Figs. 1 and 2) is a compact mechanism that is weatherproof, v. consists mainly of a hub (yoke) of a wind wheel, carrying on itself four wings, hingedly connected with it, and an arm “wind | l wheel” l.

In the proposed construction, the sleeve is made of four parts for ease of manufacture, connected together by bolts and steel rings. The hub contains two systems of ball bearings and four pneumatic servomotors, four cylindrical springs 6 (Figs. 5 and 6).

All four wings are of the hard type, in which the blades and the root part are one common integral entity (Fig. 6-6).

The wings are reinforced in such a way that each of them can freely rotate around its longitudinal axis.

The wing consists of the blade c, the transition part X and the root part w, which are interconnected rigidly in such a way that the entire wing is a single whole. The wing of its root part is connected to the wheel hub by means of two ball support systems, of which the outer b (Fig. 6) perceives axial pressure and centrifugal forces, and the system of inner bearings r perceives the wing weight and radial pressure. On the bottom part of each wing, at its inner support, a double-arm lever d is rigidly fixed, by means of which the pneumatic servomotor acts on the wing. This lever is pivotally connected at one end to the piston rod of the servomotor, and the other to the coil spring opposing the piston.

The wing blade is constructed from transverse headings and longitudinal corrugated iron sheets: the side members are thus absent, the Lo and the wing wings are provided with rudders and.

providing ease of maneuvering the wing in the processes of regulating the operation of the engine.

The servo motor is a combination of a pneumatic cylinder supplied with compressed air with a pressure of from one to ten atmospheres and a cylindrical spring φ operating in compression while the cylinder is under pressure. As the pressure decreases under the piston, the latter returns to its original position under the influence of the spring. Structurally, the pneumatic cylinder and spring are implemented in the form of four identical ycTpoiicTBs, of which each serves one wing (Fig. 5). All four cylinders of the system are connected by a common air duct connecting them to a compressed air tank fed by a small compressor (FNG. 9) up to 10 horses forces The compressor is permanently connected to the generator shaft.

The apparatus controlling the operation of a wind turbine consists of the following parts: a small (about 2 m in diameter) wind wheel and a multi-blade type (FIG. 7), as far as possible away from the wind turbine to perceive impulses of the wind environment that has not yet been deformed the action of the working wind wheel. This wheel through the shaft 9, passing through the tubular shaft / 2 winds supporting it, and then through the cavity of the main shaft, is connected to a cylindrical compression shaft. dit at the free end of the shaft 9 Fig. 7-9).

Next in FIG. 8 shows the rotary pressure 7-, 1-6 pressure and a lever, connecting the cam to the regulator.

The scheme for linking the entire system is shown in FIG. 9, on which the following designations are made: ..- r-wind wheel (separate), spring, -his fist, o-lever transmission from fist to regulator pressure H1, p-regulator of pressure, p-compressor, c- tank with compressed air, “-centrobel regulator, s-pneumatic servo motor, 9-spring to servo motor, h-wing, h-air duct.

The role of the pressure regulator is to allow air to the cylinders of servomotors of such a pressure as is currently required. Accordingly, it acts as follows.

If there is no wind, or it is very weak, then the fist, lever, regulator brush, its spool 1 and valve 7 are in the position shown in fig. 8. By means of the pipeline, the upper cavity of the regulator is in direct connection with the reservoir from compressed air and, therefore, under full pressure. The middle cavity 15 of the regulator cylinder has a connection with the atmosphere, and since the valve 7 is closed, the pressure in the cavity 1e, pipeline / and in the cylinders of the servomotors is equal to atmospheric pressure. The pistons of the cylinders are in their original position, the wings are in the idle position and the engine

HJTOHT (Fig. 10); in this figure, j denotes the plane of rotation of the wind ka.

If the wind has reached a speed at which the engine can (G already move, the wheel and the fist are turned at a certain angle (ph. 11). The right end of the lever is retracted, the control valve spool is raised and the valve opens Compressed air began to flow into the middle cavity, where pressure was established, depending on the degree of degree: open both the valve and the orifice, informing; its middle cavity with itmos () the servo. The piston of the servo motor y, breaking the spring. will turn the wing na some angle, transfer it to the working position ; Engine starts.

But as the wind increases, the angle of rotation of the wheel and the pressure in the cylinders of the servomotor and the installation of the wing na, the wind increases, the engine takes up the load.

When the wind is equal to the installation, the wing has the most favorable angle of attack and the engine develops its full power. . The pressure in chamber 1d is below W atmospheres.

With a further increase in the angle of rotation of the wind wheel l, the servomotor is already beginning to pull the wing out of the wind to such an extent that the wind power will continue to remain constant.

When a wind force reaches a certain value, which is copstructively fixed as the limit for a given wind, the slide valve closes a hole that informs the middle cavity of the regulator cylinder with the atmosphere. JtJ cavity of this, and therefore; and a limiting pressure of 10 atmospheres is established in the cylinders of the servomotor. The pistons bring the wings to an inoperative position and the engine stops (Fig. LlJ; in this figure, x denotes the plane of the vras, the wheels. At the same time, the devices (latch, ratchet, etc.) come into play, which firmly fix the output from the position of the wing, so that when there is a decrease (for any reason) pressure in the cylinders of the servomotor, the engine cannot automatically start up again. To enable it to work in this case, it will be necessary to raise the pressure in the cylinders of the servomotor to the limit Wow ,, turn off the latch and then lower the pressure to normal, which corresponds to the force of the wind

The proposed system makes it possible to dry, “build a direct and unambiguous relationship between wind power and wing installation.

The angular position of the wing is determined by the position of the two shoulders lever O, and the position of the two shoulders lever for each value of pressure under the piston of the servo motor y is determined by its spring force f. Thus, by choosing a specific spring, the pressure under the servomotor's piston, corresponding to any given position of the wing, can be transmitted. This pressure is set by the regulator, which combines the high pressure air flow in its middle cavity.

and a decrease in this pressure due to PIA with the atmosphere.

All manipulations of the regulator occur under the influence of a fist and depending on the angular position of the wind wheel l, and, consequently, on the force of the wind.

Changing the servo-motor spring characteristic and choosing the shape and design details of the pressure regulator, one can realize the reliance of the wing on the environment BeTpOBoii mode and then the stability of the parallel operation of the synchronous wind generator with ct-tu can be considered secured.

In addition to the main regulation, depending on the strength of the wind, the engine can have its control regulation from electrical |; op load. This regulation will serve as a verification at some points of the correctness of the 11ST1 and the optional system. It is enough to make such a test for two points or moments: for Itom to reach the installation speed at which the electric generator must carry the full load 1; y, and for the moment to reach, and wind, the speed at which the engine should be turned off. In this case, the generator may have a certain overload, when reached, the relay puts the wing in an off position. The auxiliary relay in these cases acts on the pressure regulator valve.

For a pre-wind turbine from separation during a sudden discharge of electric load and to keep its revolutions within the normal range, when it is operated on the network, a high-speed centrifugal regulator w, of a well-known type, is installed alone (Fig. 9).

Since the wing is designed in such a way that the resultant aerodynamic forces do not pass through the atmatic axis of its rotation, the work of compressed air, which is required to overcome the resistance of rotation of the wing tail. they say: it is possible to get a fairly large amount of well. In order to keep the servo-motor operation required for turning the wing under load to a minimum, the KoriCTpyKtsii wings have devices that operate similarly to that of ailerons in airplanes. These devices, which turn the wing of aarodi-amphillic with great ease, are kinematically connected with servomotors.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A regulating device for wind turbines using compressed air to rotate blades, characterized in that to regulate the operation of a pneumatic servo motor acting on a rotary wing h by means of a lever and spring f, a pressure regulator p is used, whose piston is designed as a valve, to communicate the cylinder enclosing it with the atmosphere, p is connected by a rod equipped with a spring, on one side with a valve for inlet compressed air into the indicated cylinder and, on the other hand, with the lever o, to rotate it, in order to influence the piston of the pressure regulator, a separate wind was applied to the liter with a shoe I, loaded with m (Fig. 9). { 2. The form of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft 9 of the wind of the wind is placed in the axial channel of the wind turbine 12 of the wind turbine itself forward (phg. 7). 3. Application in the device according to claim 1 of a conventional latch design or other locking member is for fixing the position of a wing taken out of operation. 4.Application to the device according to claim 1 of the regulation of the regulation from the electrical iiarpj-ccn, in order to verify the correctness of the operation of the regulating device for; wind turbine.