SU41120A1 - The method of producing fibers for the manufacture of ropes, rope products, twine and yarn for soft packaging - Google Patents

Description

The present invention has in mind to use for the manufacture of ropes, ropes, twine and soft packaging the leaves of wild plants in Central Asia: cattail elephant fTypha elephantina, congealed cone (Typha angustata), equals cane (Erianthus Ravennae, jw-Turkmen hyshsha) and wild sugar cone (Saccharum spontaneum).

1. The ivory cattail (Typha elephantina) is distinguished by very large (up to 4 m in height) broad-linear leaves, in the lower part, on the outer side, keeled-angular, and in the upper part, chagti-plane. Leaf of the same length with stalks. Bracts with female flowers narrowly spatulate. It grows along river banks in southern Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. There are especially large thickets in the valleys of the Amu-Darya River from Kelif to Chardju.

2. The constrictor (Typha angustata) has linear leaves (up to 3 mm wide, long (up to 3 m high), greater than the stems. The outer side of the leaf is convex, internally - flat. Bracts of female flowers are spoon-shaped at the top. It grows along the banks of rivers and lakes in Central Asia and South Kazakhstan. It is found in abundance in the floodplain of the Amu-Darya River, from the Afghan border to the mouth, as well as along the shores of lakes and old women in Turkmenistan, Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan and the Seven Rivers.

3. Reyane reed (Erianthus Ravennae, Poturkmenian „Hyshsha). Perennial grass of gigantic growth. Stems up to 4.6-5 heights and OK0.10 1 cm in diameter, internally made by parenchyma; narrow linear leaves with thick middle (77)

ny nerve, basal up to 1.5 l length; the panicle is dense, lanceolate, about 0.5 m long, whitish or gray-woolly. Sods up to O 5 -k diameter, with several (up to 15-20) stalks and a large number of basal leaves, the composition of the l roniiix is more than 50% of the weight. It blooms in July and asiiycre, ripens in October. In the spring of the year it grows from many wintering rhizomes. It grows thickly in the floodplains of the rivers and along the canals. Subtropical grass, distributed in the river valleys of the lowland part of Central Asia (pp. Amu-Darya, Syr-Darya, Murgab, Zvravshan, etc.). Its most abundant thickets are concentrated in the area of the r. Amu-Darya, within Turkmenistan and the southern part of the Karakalpak ASSR.

4. Wild Sugar Bowl (Saccharuni spontaneum, Poturkmensky Kalam) is a large perennial grass with underground shoots. Stems up to 2 - 2; 5 - “height and about 0.5 cm dia throm. Leaf VSKOlinear, folded edges. Panicle up to 0.5 J in length with thin sprigs of silver-white color. Blossoms in May and June, ripens in auguescent bre.

The leaf of cattail consists of two flat outer layers, the gap between which is filled with a spongy cloth with large air-bearing cavities. The dense outer layer consists of the epidermis, under which are sclerenchymal drafts, consisting of long, thick-walled, more or less lignified cells and sections of chlorophyllone parenchyma, which are approximately equal in volume to the strains. In the part of the longitudinal partitions of the spongy parenchyma adjacent to the epidermis, vascular fibrous bundles pass, also accompanied by sclerenchymal strains. Sclerenchymal stretches, t n 80, the entire length of the sheet (from 3 to 4 lengths), become a fiber of the type of rigid fiber that possesses. Firstly, a considerable strength, thickened by thickness, length and durability of clutches, and, secondly, sufficient flexibility, depending partly on the softness of the site between the strains of the chlorophyll-ios narchosis: 1; x11ii, as well as spongy, airborne tissue -.

The task of the globular abdominal disease is the possibility of a large amount of parenchyma (both in chlorophyll-bearing and inorganic thianl) and in the division of the epidermis with tightly connected scleratomas with narrow, long and thin strips, which have good smoothness.

The leaves and stems of giant cereals F.rianthas R.avennae and Saccharum s onlani-um possess c) tj diesto fiber bundles, C1) Proi (waited sclefenzyme, mi, k01hry.e consist of long lightly small diameter s then, with one's oohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhm'shs and hsstriyimi ends.This leaves are tw-f-1 thicker than v. stems, especially at Krianihiis Kavennae. m gki, 410 iodaeu.S rude.) mu iltyu J - 3 n; rvich. he orblothose, leaves of them, on a large scale, with a large number of parenchyma, h) .31. donkey.

All yKajaiiHbie usshees, proposed as MaTeJHaj d.1 of a rough addendum, were partially triggered up to cwx by J, bgz with a whole finish, only for the appearance of thicker yokes and ropes, and dL. yer.vki are weak.-, tough, brittle and soon from: 1аши.аюши :: sp.

After prior careful study of these plants and s. their structure, the chemical composition of the section :: s. anatomically evil: .1entov UI) micro.mich: ski11 reaction i; The total chemical composition of the opi was subjected to pekogory operations of primary importance for subsequent testing of the receiving product (twine, string, etc.)

All these preprocessing operations are strictly compulsory with the material properties of these plants, as shown by them, that they do not have bast beams like ordinary spinning plants (flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, etc.); in them this role:. them; nical tissue is carried by vascular-fibrous bundles and sclerenchyma lung; In its composition, this mechanical Thian is very different from the other bundles of pr-long plants: the last in the new condition are pure fiber and stains. Ayusuyusa in blue-violet1 kick from (1 - Z ,, - S; .mechanichsky zhg the fabric of earpan plants represents itself completely without snezhe cells, more or less sylp) pr; 1T1Itii.1ye li.ninom, ok; -: 1shivayu1tsims 111 This is about: е Z - S in solo. 1-: Elgy c. st; n first-elementy .pi LO; IO; iia sneeze soednl; p1b, ac; dienpye others g from each other; торtor;,: x - suck i.go-yulo.-pks.-ys bundles with sa {J. 4) and “„: yoshchi .-. w CJLje, .e. attic

give, voluminous. mass formations, ker: dco tes.0 combined with other similar o6jaiOLaHMn, iH and therefore | .e) 1. give thin, delicate, elastic fibers. .torii - coarse, g; stkky and .yu.skky, low-capable to crucible ii material.

Aka; -; diving svayetsgva mechanical tissue of the studied plants trehohut special special. for the .CKOfi perichnich, b, .. larvae for 110.1 learning iij them L (. loc.purely. about the material. According to the proposed method. first of all, biol 11 h was used: Xyi spontaneous lobe, the lobe for these plants had, of course, with. This is a different purpose than the lobe of the spinning plants. These are the last biologicals: a tree has a task; the task is decomposed; the pectinous ones that bind, the bundles with the surrounding tissue, the biological lobe of the plants, and the plants are completely decomposed. some organic compounds, for example, pectosans, homicelluloses, partly the same ones substances and others. Extraction of mineral salts, in a living plant, all these substances, obviously, determine its strength and well.; its structure. In addition to removing the indicated compounds from the darkness, it also destroys some tissues, for example, The experience shows that chi.pchennye plants are much more flexible and more elastic than their own, ti sm.m. they l: they are more yielding to twisting and folding. I - the main operations of p. -Yadei and tchpchesga.

Psnm) biological lobes were subsequently introduced oiiepamin, in essence, np; c.: The same purpose is to purify the lumber tissue from the dusk 11: well / lnnyh tissues and substances and give it a large m. bone and elasticity. These mechanical operations are as follows.

1) weave; or trotuspaci soaked, still wet, rlstonium through smooth VOLY, naTipHMip, Kyuhel meester wring; in order to remove from the soaked plant half-decomposed with ostagko-param. chemical tissue, decomposition products of various substances, for example, acid,

mucus. 113.1 HASHKN urinal JIAKOS1I pn of p.

And besides, about that about. valid; purely mechanically, fax these plants are chiefly composed of mechanical tissue (vascular-bundles and sclerenchyma b.1, 1; l) n parenchyma, oychpo, which is destroyed in M04Kj; flattening splits the stem or leaf into complexes of its mechap ;; garlic tissue 1 and makes the material softer and cleaner; and city, ast11ch: .eP;

2) the garlic dalge continues the purification of the pyricheptic and the depressed pacTei and from the post-1 tissue — the residues of the dilapidated substances; so oora ;; ohm, the resulting material is a set of textiles and almost pure mechanical fabric, in the form of long weights, of fibers very similar to another material of the same year — to manila hemp and sazap;

3) operation with softeners, i.e. a mixture of soap and oil; after all previous operations, fiber k.1; 1 kits into emulsion, consisting of the month soap and May .a (approximately, B proportion of 15: 0.5):

4) primin pa corrugated salah, i.e., p; nuskanke vymo-che.L1YHY, otzh ykh, iipo4jcaHnbix spread :; h: cut corrugated ly mgki; This operation: h) them; n-ts not d: i LCO. ; aster.i :. and Л1. |; ь for those. That give Pts: Sh. is a tough uyuk x

Touepb material is already ready for use, and can be weaved. After receiving these or dazzling products (string of twigs, to anats, etc.) l; nn undergo the last operation;

5) impregnation with various antiseptics (selected for KA-0 = 0 material separately) | with the aim of giving-and they made a greater fortress, | viipyiocTH and their protection from rotting and burning - and, which is especially important when used; these products in marine to river transports and and estates with a very dry climate.

Leaf of cattail of ivory and narrowed, the image of the proposed method, give fiber 1 of which BKTbext on a simple handicraft wheel | Of course, thick, medium, and thin rods are obtained from 3 to 6 strands. With good strength, these ropes have sufficient softness and elasticity, they easily find themselves in a tight knot. And when tested on a pas, the fortress does not tear at the knots. In general, it is possible to: 1 per annum of the requirements imposed on household goods for household use.

Tonka two. A three-prong bottom of the top can go to replace the wire during the manufacture of reed and twine for stitching beams on the mouse. The stitcher is a thinner two-strand rope (0.3 - 0.2 s in diameter) or rather, a thick yarn is suitable for coarse burlap fabric. The leaf of the cattail after the lobe of the spinning by rri) onycKa between the i ales give long (up to 3 .i), very soft and sufficiently soft strips of ribbon, which can be woven on the culetrock machines.

mattings for dressing kuley type bastards, “ev, -. the latter will be no less suitable for soft. containers f than real kjmh from urine.

The leaves of Typha anqustata, which have glitter sh. And 1G silky rim of the epidermis, give, when XU is processed, the most advanced material for weaving and weaving of summer H. summer hair.

After the initial treatment, the length of the Erianthus Ravennae Saccharum spontaneum bristle (0.6 - 0.8 l) is crumbly and hard. Most of the 2 to 6 strands of rope with a diameter of from 0.5 to 2 ° C. They are strong against breaking along the whole and less strong at the knots. It is only possible to apply biologic lobe to the cattail, pressing on the shafts and chgsku.

The subject and c o b r e e n i.

1. A method of producing fiber for the manufacture of ropes, ropes, twine, and yarn for sacks burlap of. Rogo elephant leaves (Typha j elephantinal, coniferous rogoza (Typha angustata), 5 wounded cane (Erianthus Ravennae) and wild sugar nectarum (Saccharum spontaneum) I distinguish shiys by the fact that the leaves of these plants are successively a) subjected to a biological lotion for several days at a normal temperature, b) they are squeezed on shafts and dried, c) are processed by antiseptics and antiseptics, and d) are passed through a millicle with rollers.

2. Acceptance of the dog mentioned in paragraph 1, characterized by the use of only two first operations for cattail i.