SU39579A1 - The method of obtaining and reproducing color images - Google Patents

Description

The main author's certificate 39578 describes the method and apparatus for receiving and reproducing multi-color images using a device with photocells illuminated by light passing or reflected from color-separated or color originals and sprays that spray paint on the copy. In all of these devices, in the electrical circuit of each individual dyeing device - an atomizer, ink control is produced by light, the intensity of which corresponds to the density of only one of any particular color of each image element corresponding to the color sprayed by this paint sprayer.

Thus, the number of basic colors on a copy is the same as the number of colors of the light filters and each image of the basic paint is a copy of the color-separated part of the original image, as well as in all existing known methods of color photography and reproduction.

A special effect can be obtained if the coloring of each element of the image with each basic paint

(separately) will depend not only on one, but also on several or on all the colors included in the coloring of this element, which in the proposed method can be achieved if the photoelectric cells (one or several) in the dyeing circuit at the same time, they are illuminated by the rays passing or reflected from the opposite color separated areas corresponding to some element of the original. Using this method, for example, it is possible to correct in the transmission of color hues of the image the inevitable distortions, which are a consequence of the use of light filters with their not quite correct selection of colors and overlapping of the same parts of the spectrum; correct the discrepancies between the colors obtained by mechanically mixing paints and the colors obtained by mixing the corresponding color rays; correct the consequences of the uneven action of different rays on the photographic photosensitive layer, reproduce positives in a greater number of colors than the number of colors of light filters, etc.

For example, with three colors in light filters, it will be possible to obtain, using only three color-separated portions of the negative, the fourth black image. At the same time, the image in natural colors, obtained by superimposing all four colors, can have shades of pure gray tones, since when transmitting the red, blue and yellow images, it will be possible to remove from them all the places where the density of all color-separated areas is approximately the same ( black, gray and white places of the object). “The black image, on the contrary, will reproduce only these places, that is, the whole range of gray tones, from black to white. This, of course, will give a better effect than the usual four-color method, where all the dyes are superimposed on the gray areas and which cannot give pure gray tones during the mechanical mixing of the dyes.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the proposed method; FIG. 2 is a schematic of an apparatus for obtaining a three-color negative from a four-color image; FIG. 3 is a diagram of a modified device; FIG. 4-modification of the device red, its apparatus; FIG. 5-diagram of the device apparatus with multiple photovoltaic systems.

For drying, a method is proposed as shown in FIG. 1. In this case, the device is shown in the form of a diagram for three colors, but according to the same scheme, the apparatus can be made for a different number of colors. On the moving part of the apparatus, the negatives are strengthened, on the receiving part, also the moving part 2, a substrate for color copies. K, C and F are the color-separated areas of one (raster) or several negatives, corresponding to red, blue and yellow, to the colors of the same picture element. 4 - one or several light sources illuminating these areas in such a way that the light passes through them onto photocells 7. 7 and 7 ,. All three photocells, according to one or another scheme 44 (conditionally shown), are included in the electrical circuit controlling the dyeing device 8, spraying paint on paper or other

the substrate placed on part 2. The main photocell 7 ,,. is illuminated by rays passing through the area corresponding to the paint that is sprayed with the dyeing device. For example, if the spray gun 8 sprays red paint, then the rays illuminating the photocell 7,., Must pass through the site f {, which is an image element obtained from shooting through the green part of the light filter. The other two photocell 7 ,. and 7 ,,. (corrective) are illuminated by rays passing through areas taken through the orange and violet parts of the light filters. Using a conventional device, one can always choose such a scheme for including all three photocells in the dyeing circuit so that the cumulative effect of all photocells gives one or another total effect on the dyeing device. The adjustment of the desired effect, in addition to the adjustment of the electric circuit elements (self-induction, resistance, etc.), will also be made by lighting control devices in the form of shading disks 25 or other similar devices that are in the path of light rays from each of the K, C and F- With the help of these devices, as indicated in the main copyright certificate, you can adjust the overall tone and contrast of each individual color-separated image. The theoretical selection of such an adjustment, in view of the complexity of the entire set of phenomena, is difficult, but experimentally it is very easy to carry out using the apparatus scheme specified in the main author's certificate of jYe 39578, at which each paint is colored with all the colors at the same time. This immediately produces the final image in natural colors. This image is always visible to the operator making the adjustment, and it suffices to close the small strip so that it becomes clear which colors and which color mixing are not transmitted correctly. By changing the adjustment, other color combinations are already obtained, and again, immediately, to what extent this adjustment changes its color.

It is necessary either to strengthen or weaken the effect produced by it. In this way, the adjustment is made visible, under & how, for example, the radio is tuned to the ear, and all factors are immediately taken into account; the interrelationships of the color separated parts of the original, all its individual features, the displacement and overlapping of colors, the influence of the substrate (paper) shade, etc. By selecting the desired adjustment, painting, for example, a test piece of paper in different parts of the image, you can already start. apparatus to produce the desired number of copies. As already mentioned, due to the proposed possibility of combining the effect of the color-separated parts of the original, the number of colors may be greater than the number of colors of the light filters, and the colors themselves with such an increase may differ from the main ones.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram of an apparatus for obtaining from a three-color, for example, a raster negative (or positive) four-color image with a black fourth paint, K, the color divided negative areas corresponding to the red, blue and yellow parts of the image. A group of such areas illuminates groups of photocells 7, 7-, 7, 7 so that on each photocell the light falls from one of a strip of raster negative. Each group of photocells is connected to a paint device of a corresponding paint, for example, group 7 with an atomizer 8., painting on red paint; the group with 8, -shin is short, the group 7 with 8-yellow and 7 with Sf, is black. The photocell incorporation schemes into each circuit (conventionally shown by circuit 44 may be different, for example, for group 7, the main photocell would be 7d, illuminated through element K, corresponding to the red part of the image, for group 7, the main photocell would be 7 other corrective, 7, which is included in the black atomizer circuit, can be considered such a connection that all three photocells coordinate one another, giving a cumulative effect when all are illuminated

three. All of these schemes can, as stated, be regulated. The light beams falling on each photocell are further controlled by shading devices 25. On the substrate of the receiving parts 2i, 2, etc., a multi-color image painted with all four colors is immediately obtained. Regulating the apparatus, as was indicated, with immediate visibility check, it is possible to select the cumulative effect of all the spray guns so that, for example, in groups 7 7- and 7 corresponding to the main colors, the corrective action of the photo cells is such that with (approximately) the same illumination of the main and corrective photovoltaic cells, their action on the atomizer would mutually destroy one another, which would lead to the removal or weakening of those parts of the image where all three primary colors have approximately the same density i.e. where black and gray tones are produced. These places must be filled with a black sprinkler, and its photocell groups should have a generally reverse adjustment, i.e., the spray gun must be repainted with equal illumination of all the photocells of the group, the effect of which is compounded in one way or another. The degree of corrective action of different photovoltaic cells in different groups may be different for correct color rendering. For example, to destroy the known evasion of pure yellow tones in orange-red, which gives a general reddish tint to the whole image, it will be necessary to particularly strengthen the corrective action of the photocell 7. (in the red atomizer group) illuminated through the G element corresponding to the yellow part of the image. Then in places where there is a mixture of red and yellow, you can weaken red depending on the intensity of yellow, and in other places red remains unchanged, so that the orange-red places can be weakened while maintaining pure red tones, purple and t . P.

This schematic diagram may be based on the same principle on a different number of colors than four.

moreover, any kind of dye obtained from a mixture of basic colors can be introduced, for example, green, brown, pink, etc., and the image can be colored by the color mixing method used in chromolithography. In this case, for example, for a green sprayer, the photocells must be illuminated through the elements C and F, the corresponding yellow and blue places of the negative and the mutual action of these photoelectric cells must be such that the sprayer works at a known ratio in the intensity of light C and F corresponding to the proportion of yellow and blue giving the applied green color.

It is possible to obtain a three- and four-color image using two-color light filters, which is especially convenient, since with the two-color method it is not difficult to obtain, as is well known, two color-separated negatives with one shooting.

The proposed device can be modified. To obtain the described effect, it is not necessary that the number of photocells in a group be equal to the number of filter colors, it may be more, for example, to enhance the effect, but it may be less. For example, with a three-color method, a group may have two or even one photocell. In order for the effect of light from different color-separated areas to be also different, it is necessary to make a qualitative distinction between different beams of light, for example, using a known method of interrupting light with different frequencies.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the proposed modification. The light beams, the passage through the oppositely separated color-separated areas K, C v W and any optical systems 5 and 45 illuminate the photocell 7, which is thus illuminated by light corresponding to different colors. In the path of some or all of the light beams, rotating disks 46 are installed with windows so that when the disks are rotated, the light periodically interrupts. Different discs may have a different number of revolutions and a different number of windows. Thus, each beam of light will communicate to the photocells pulses of different frequencies, the intensity of which will be, as in other schemes, proportional to the density of the elements of the original. Using conventional G devices, it is easy to choose such a circuit 44 (conditionally shown) when a dyeing device 8 is inserted into a photocell circuit 7, in which photocurrent of different frequencies would have a qualitatively different effect on the dyeing device, and their total effect would give the same effects. , as was indicated in the description of the scheme with separate photocells for each beam. The adjustment, as in the main circuit, can be made by shading disks 25 and the setting of connection 44.

All modifications in the methods of obtaining images and in the devices of the devices, indicated in the main author's certificate, can be applied to the proposed option.

The proposed method can have both scientific and industrial value. It allows images to be taken with colors and shades very close to the colors of the lens. This approximation may be, due to the peculiarities of the method, better than with any other known photomechanical or photographic method.

The following are also proposed the following modifications of the devices described in the main copyright certificate.

The modification of the dyeing device is that the electric currents acting on the tube 20 or plate 2 / do not pass in the winding of an electromagnet, but in the winding of a moving coil 47 (Fig. 4) placed in a magnetic field. any magnet 48, with the tube 20 or plate 21 connected in one way or another with the coil 47 and, under the influence of the current pulses in the coil winding, oscillates with the latter.

The modification of the way of closing elements of a monochrome image (original), taken through a geometrically correct raster, not belonging to those color-separated areas through which the light illuminating a particular photocell must pass, is that the original placed on the transmitting part is superimposed special raster with transparent and non-transparent areas. Figure 3Tof a raster should be Hack, so that its light spots coincide with those areas of the original that should be illuminated, and the dark ones - with other areas corresponding to other colors of the original.

Based on the methods and devices specified in the main and present auth. In addition, a photomechanical method is also proposed for obtaining, by printing images in natural colors, resolving a number of tasks that have long been queued in the printing business.

Artistic, illustrative, three, four, and generally multicolored prints, as is known, have achieved a high degree of perfection in the creation of printed forms and in the production of images from them. Since this part of the photomechanical processes gives very good results with different methods — high, flat and deep, the photographic part of these processes itself, consisting in obtaining properly color-separated photographic images from objects to be reproduced, has a number of significant inconveniences that limit the possibility art print.

The main disadvantages are, firstly, the need to make several surveys on different plates and, secondly, the work on correcting irregularities in the color separation on photographic images and bringing them, and then printing forms, to a consistent to others, in common with those effects which should be received at imposing of paints at the press.

The proposed method aims to give such a modification of the processes, which will largely eliminate these drawbacks. For the use of a single short-exposure survey, the ability to transform raster features peculiar to the proposed methods and apparatus can be used.

images into ordinary, and for automatic photomechanical, corresponding to each other color-separated images; -the possibility of simultaneously obtaining a multi-color image and monochrome forming it.

The main method is as follows:

1) one photographic image is taken from the object to be reproduced in natural colors on a usual panchromatic layer through a separate raster color filter (not associated with the layer). Shooting can be done with a regular camera. The dimensions of the elements of a color raster can be many times larger than those used in a usual raster photograph (autochrome and others), since in this case the purpose of the raster is not that certain colored groups of elements give the impression of color shift, but only that split the image into color separated areas. The size of the elements will thus depend only on the structure of the image, if, for example, the ultimate goal of the process is to obtain autotype or mezzotint with a raster of six lines per millimeter, then the number of color groups of the color raster can also be no more than six per millimeter. as smaller details will not be transferred anyway. If the size of the image is taken larger than the size of the printed image, then the color size may still be enlarged. Thus, areas of colored elements can be hundreds of times larger than the areas of elements, for example, autochrome, and there is no need to use a fine-grained photosensitive layer. There is also no need to apply an additional yellow light filter, since the color raster is separated from the layer, and the balancing effect can be achieved by appropriately selecting its colors. The raster itself, having large elements, will be sufficiently transparent. All this makes it possible to reduce the exposure time so much that - it is possible to shoot not only any fixed, but also moving objects;

2) the resulting monochrome negative is placed in an apparatus, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 5, in which there are transmitting movable parts 7 (in the form of a cylinder, a flat frame or another form, as indicated mainly by the author.), Carrying negative and receiving movable parts of the CSG and 2 hours, 2 hs, 2 j. Moving in consonance with the part /, on which the substrates for the obtained images (parts of KS) K and 2h are strengthened. 2hc and 2 can consist of one common or several parts constructively. Part 7 has photovoltaic groups, and at the receiving parts there are nesting devices; at the same time, part of KC} fi contains devices for paints of all colors that form 1-color images, for example, for red 8 / {, blue 8c and yellow 8g {with three-color printing), and for parts 2h, 2h and Zuzh-devices, sticking with one paint, for example black. The circuit of FIG. 5 is depicted for the three-color method, the same basic scheme may be with a different number of colors. There may be as many dyeing devices with black paint as many colors. Each such device is included in a circuit of some color, for example, a 8chk device is included in a photovoltaic circuit including a photocell 7k illuminated by rays passing through the color-separated portions of the negative, corresponding to red paint. In the same chain, as shown in the diagram, the dyeing device 5 is also included, painting red paint on the substrate, mounted on the receiving part of the CSR. Both devices 8k and 8 chk included in one chain must be identical in their action and must be adjusted so so that both images they give are an exact copy of one another (the scale may be different), which is easy to achieve, for example, by giving the devices the same design and dimensions, feeding them with air from the same tank, etc. (gradations of tones on both x will be obvious the same, since both the ink jet interruption electromagnets included in one chain may be identical soverschenno). Similarly

This device is connected to other colors of blue and yellow. Thus, during operation of the apparatus and the simultaneous action of all the dyeing devices, as described in the diagram, it is obtained on a substrate fixed on a part of the CSG, an image in natural colors (control) and on substrates fixed on parts 2 h, 2 hs and 3 / F three black-and-white (monochrome) images representing the color separation corresponding to the red, blue and yellow color of the original and the control color reproduction of the latter. In order for these images to be as required, i.e., so that they are coordinated with each other and give the correct color representation on subsequent application, the process of the apparatus must proceed as follows. The device is activated, only the 8k, 8c and 8g dyeing devices are put into operation, i.e. only those that give a control multi-color image, and by optical and electromechanical adjustment of each photoelectric circuit and each device separately achieve the desired effect. transfer all tones. The purpose of the control color image is to adjust the obtained effect in the entire set of ink displacement by such a simultaneous check (on the visibility) of the resulting color displacement, which gives a complete alignment of the primary colors. Adjustment is made on the fly. The resulting image is always before the eyes of one rator. Selection of adjustment can be made very carefully, by repeated attempts; at each attempt to fill in the whole image, it is enough to get a certain width of the band, by which you can already see which color should be weakened or enhanced, in which color there should be more or less contrast, etc. After reaching the most appropriate adjustment, the device starts up again already in operation of all the dyeing devices, and at the same time a new final control image is obtained (to check the whole action) and all corresponding to it fully, already aimed at all the features given th negativity tsvetorazdelennye black and white images on substrates fixed on the portions 2chzh, 2chs, 2chk. Black and white images, depending on the further process, can be performed as negatives or as positives. Substrates may be any suitable material. Transparent substrates, for example, suitably prepared glass plates, films, etc .;

3) from the obtained monochrome (black-and-white) continuous, matched images (in the sense of color separation) using conventional photomechanical methods, printing forms for high, intaglio or flat printing are produced, and the printed images in natural colors are reproduced using standard multi-color printing techniques. the ultimate goal of the whole process.

All corrections of both the monochrome images with the help of retouching and printed forms with the help of commonly used techniques are, of course, possible in the proposed method, but the volume and the need for these corrections will be minimal. All the usual processes can be carried out in a simplified order, as for monochrome printing, for example, having obtained color-separated images next to one substrate, almost all subsequent operations can be carried out, considering all the images as one whole: copies for the form can be obtained on a single photosensitive layer, to produce (where possible) a general etch, etc., only to ensure that the United image has the necessary tonality.

By requiring a very accurate image (in the sense of detailing) or in case of a small printing pattern raster, the primary raster image can be enlarged accordingly and the main negative is not placed on the apparatus (on the part of /), but, for example, an enlarged slit of it. For example, with the above printed form raster six

lines for 1 mm and square correct (mosaic) color raster in four colors and with a final image format of 9X12 cm can be taken on a 18X24 cm plate; then a colored raster, in order to transfer all the details that can generally be transferred to the printed form, should consist of a square with a side of no more than / and mm (four squares per square in Va) Increasing the negative even twice, we get color separated elements in the form of squares with a side in Vs, which fully guarantees the full accuracy of the device transmission. For a typical illustrative printing, such large magnifications are not required. Similarly, monochrome images can be obtained in enlarged form, for which parts of 2 h, 2 h, 2 ch need only give appropriate dimensions and stroke, reducing these images to the magnitude of the retakes for printed forms, and thus eliminate all the influence of the structure obtained by painting the image, even with a large breakdown of it, since the size of the painted image strips can always be made smaller when reduced. elements of printed form rasters.

The proposed method can be modified. Primary negatives can be obtained not through raster, but through continuous light filters. Then on the transmitting parts 7, one or several, continuous color-separated negatives or transparencies will be placed, and the device will act to produce from them also monochrome color-separated images, but already modified and matched in the transmission of light-shadows on the control multi-color image.

If there are multicolor originals produced in one way or another (paintings, color photographs, etc.), the following method of reproduction is suggested. A multicolor original (transparent or opaque) is placed on Part 1, and directly from it is obtained by decomposing light with color filters placed in the apparatus itself, control multicolor and color-separated monochrome images. Decomposition can be carried out into two, into three and four, or another number of colors, respectively, the number of applied light filters and photoglomerations. From the received images it is possible, as indicated, to obtain printed forms. Thus, the modification will be that there is no first process of the proposed method - photographing the object of reproduction. The possibility of obtaining in this way color-separated and coordinated copies of color originals, obviously, will considerably reduce the cost and speed up the usual reproduction process and, in addition, to a certain extent, will free reproduction technology from complex and expensive special equipment for photographing originals, replacing it with the proposed apparatus, performing at once several necessary processes.

Using the two-color method with all its advantages, in the sense of producing two color-separated negatives with one shooting in a conventional camera, at the same time, with two images you can get negative forms for three or more colors, choosing the appropriate colors and adjusting the device, which, of course , will give a greater artistic effect than two colors. The result of the joint effect of colors, although it does not in this case give the correct transmission of tones, as, for example, with three colors and light filters, can still be quite sufficient in many cases, since the adjustment in the reference image can make it possible to achieve the desired visual impression. It is also possible to simultaneously produce several instances of the same images or simultaneously paint several groups of homogeneous dyeing devices on different parts of the same image to speed up work, which can be used, for example, for large image formats, etc.

The significance of the method for illustrating periodicals is obvious, since there are all everyday events, artistic images, and so on.

mezzotintas reproduced now and in other ways in one ink can also be reproduced in natural colors, if it is possible to take pictures quickly and conveniently with the ability to receive, along with that, correctly separated images for printed forms.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. Change the method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2 auth. swith No. 39578, characterized in that one or more photocells illuminate not only the rays from the color-separated part of the original element or the selected color rays that correspond to the color of the applied paint, but also the rays corresponding to other colors of the same image element. 2. To implement the method according to claim 1, using an apparatus, in the circuits of the dyeing devices of which several photocells 7k, 7c and 7g or groups of the latter are installed, illuminated by rays corresponding to different selected colors of the image elements I, C and Z, and the effect is red The devices 8 are determined by the cumulative effect of the illumination of said photocells, the interaction of which can be adjusted according to the effects of color mixing on the resulting multi-color image 2 (Figs. 1 and 2). 3. The form of the apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that two or several opposite light beams illuminate the same photocell 7 or one and the same group of them, and in order to make a qualitative difference these light beams are interrupted in various ways rotating discs 46 with windows (Fig. 3). 4. Change the method of PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that from one or several photographic images of an object obtained using raster or solid light filters are reproduced using paint-applying devices controlled by photo cells, images in natural colors and monochrome images representing color separation the first, from which monochrome images by conventional methods, receive printed images in natural. 5. The method of carrying out the method according to claim 4, characterized in that when using a color photographic image of an object or any color image as an original, the photocell illumination is produced using light filters. 6. For carrying out the method according to claims. 4 and 5, the use of an apparatus with several photovoltaic systems, characterized in that the photovoltaic system of each color l L. m (Fig. 5) includes dyeing devices 8ch, 8hs, 8zh for dyeing individual monochrome color-separated images and dyeing devices, 8c, 8g ... together for painting the same images with the paints of their own colors of the general multicolor image of xj. 7; Form of dyeing devices according to claims. 8, 10 author. swith No. 39578 characterized in that the tube 20 or screen 2 / (Fig. 4) is connected to the base; coil 47 placed magnetically; magnet field 48. Pi to the dependent author of the witness testimony of V.L. Bubnov  39579 With $ 3g. J l-l with V Y.J / g . 5,.,., Fj i 4: 3- f4: f: 7 I ifii L4j ± -i ± -j4 ;; f3J:; r - j.-r :: z - Tib4t: -. | i;: -.- 1 i i i I I; i. i i I i i .--: - r - :: - d ±: .i:: L4L ir:: / ij. d: iJ: i -.-: .- ( -% -r4t -HTT 8k ,, if. cjf i: i .-. Mii4Hi-: -L.: S-4V -; .-; -;; - :::; .-; b: - :: z; -: - -: -: -: z :: rib TUTUUSN m . i „/ Vm. PVW .L 2 hours .i, -. vC,