SU37900A1 - Instrument for determining the direction and speed of ground flow - Google Patents

Description

The purpose of the device is to determine in field conditions with the presence of one well and without pumping the direction of the ground flow, its speed, hydraulic slope, filtration coefficient, as well as vertical changes of these elements.

In FIG. 1 shows schematically a vertical section of a part of the device immersed in the ground; FIG. 1 I, l nl-transverse sections of it; FIG. 2- adjustment part for reading.

The device consists (Fig. 1) of a hollow cylinder 6, divided inside by a cruciform partition 2 into four isolated sectors 3 (, 2, 3,4), filled with water when using the device. In each of the sectors in the side walls of the cylinder 6 there are cutouts in which interchangeable and calibrated porous filters 4i (, 2, 3, 4) are tightly inserted, having protective nets on both sides 5. Purpose of filters 4 - hydrodynamic communication of sectors 3 with ground flow. For secondary treatment

(329-6)

hpg)

Water from turbidity inside each detector has additional, tightly inserted, replaceable and calibrated filters 4i (, 2, 3, 4) similar to the first filters of the device. The cylinder 6 is tightly covered at the bottom with a removable cover 7 fixed by nuts 8 on the bolt 9, which is a continuation of the partition 2, which carries a soldered disk 10, which presses the rubber gasket I. At the top, the cylinder 6 is tightly closed with a lid 12 having four holes for the pipes 13 made of dielectric ( (I) 1, 2, 3, 4) communicating with the inner sectors of the cylinder. A hollow cylinder 14 is screwed onto the cylinder 6 from below, the purpose of which is to create a hydrodynamic support, and a cylinder 15 is designed from above to protect the internal switchgear, the circuit of which together with external measuring devices is indicated in FIG. 2. In its upper part, the cylinder 15 has four openings for bringing out the control levers 16i (i l, 2, 3) and the type 17 cable 17.

Tubes 13 (FIG. 2) with even indices constitute one water supply system, and tubes with odd indices another one constitute a system connecting diametrically opposite sectors 3; cylinder 6.

Each of the two systems has a branching from one end, with one branch of which is included a replaceable standard of resistance - filter 18; , 2), and the other branch passes through a common for both systems valve 19, the rotating part of which 20 is fixed on the control lever 16 extending from the cylinder 15 to the outside. Each of the two tube systems passes twice through a common eight crane 102 and has two pairs of electrodes 21 located at certain distances from each other, as well as one tap 22 (--- 1, 2), locked by IZ taps, and 23 and used for trapping and subsequent release of small gas bubbles, the local accumulation of which in live tubes could to break the action ibora.

Eight-dimensional. Faucet 19. With its four channels 24 it is connected on one side with a tube 25 with a vessel 26, and on the other side through a tube 27 with a vessel 28. Both vessels are filled with an electrolyte solution 29 having a specific weight equal to that of water or close to him. One of these vessels communicates with the outside air through the opening 30 in the lid 31, and the other is closed by a piston 32 attached to the outgoing IGg- control lever, which is used to flush the Hoz tap channels 24 with an electrolytic solution, the stopper 202 of Fig. 2 and attached to the lever of its farthering 16.J, shown in cross section in FIG. 2 When rotated 180 °, each of the four pairs of channels 24 mutually interchanges, and a drop of electrolyte is introduced into each of the four tubes 13. When using colored fluid 29 and transparent tubes 13, the position can be determined with the naked eye

of the droplet introduced into the tube 13, which is important to the eye for calibrating the instrument, as well as for monitoring the removal of gas bubbles and for checking whether there are 13 electrolyte drops in the tubes 13. To provide this control, the fluid in the tubes 13 is temporarily interrupted by turning the tap 202 o 90 °. In general, the use of transparent (and in this case, usually graded) tubes 13 is not necessary.

When a fluid flow is established in the tubes 13, two of the four electrolyte droplets inserted will have movement to the electrodes 21. Of the four pairs of ring electrodes 2If embedded in tubes 13j and made of platinum sponge, tantalum or other metal, which absorbs gases well; four unambiguous electrodes are connected to the wire L; and the four others are connected respectively to wires 33 (, 2, 3, 4). For the accuracy of readings, additional series of intermediate pairs of electrodes 21 are needed, to which taps from the same wires ZZo and 63 are connected. All these wires, in the form of a flexible cable 17, are led outside to the terminals

measuring instrument consisting of four galvanometers 34 mounted on the board 55. At the same time, the conductor ZRo passes through the battery 36 and the switch on / out and current (it is also a switch). The ability to periodically change the direction of the current is intended to avoid the generation of gas bubbles on the electrodes.

The magnetic arrow is placed on the rod and serves to determine the azimuth of the position in the well of the instrument.

The design options are as follows: in simplified devices, a pair of cuts in the walls of cylinder 6 is excluded with the corresponding filters 4g, 4, 4 ,, 4 .., the cruciform partition 2 is replaced by a flat partition dividing the inner space of the cylinder 6 into two sectors, the system is eliminated tubes 13 ,, id with the corresponding four channels 24 of the crane 202, wires 33 and 33.,

and two galvanometers. Resistance filter 182 is either eliminated or connected to the i3i pipe system, 183, whereby crane 20 either excludes one of the two channels, or branch pipe 13j containing the filter I is passed through this channel, and both channels are shaped cutouts offset mutually at some angle of rotation so that, depending on the magnitude of the rotation of the valve 20. 3 the free current of the fluid in the tube 13 includes resistance 18 ;, or resistance IS, or in parallel, both resistances. It is possible to halve the number of oVaepcTHH 24 tap 20.2, passing the inter electrode section of tubes 13 through it. In devices with a painful construction, the canals of the tap 20 are broadened, made inclined and intermixed, look at some angle relative to one another. the same devices, in which the branches of the tubes 13 and 132 are passed, containing respectively the resistances IS and 18 °. With this device, depending on the amount of rotation of the crane 20, the following combinations are successively carried out:

1) The S3i tube is locked, the ISj tube is escaped.

2) In the ISj tube, i8 resistance is included;

tube 130 is free.

3) In the tube; 3i included resistance 8-.

v.1, about 13 :; locked up.

4) In the i3i handset izkryuno matte ISj into the tube 13j is included resistance ISj.

5) Hall 13i hall) - that; g; tube 13j included tS.,.

6) The i3i tube is imbedded, into the i3 tube; i is EXCLUSIVE co-rational iSo.

7) The tube 13 is free, the iS.j tube is locked. 8 Tube 13i svbbod; a tube IB.i svobig.a.

In addition, when exiting sectors 3, the cylinder AND the tube passes through a special switch, the control lever of which is outputted outside, and which allows one of the following connection schemes to be implemented at will:

C A e and a 1. Tru & 13j c-one with the sector (cavity) 3

  -2m. „.- 3.1

, i3,,. . . „S;

534- „„ .HD

with X e m a 2.

3i is connected to a sector (cavity | Sj

13 ,, ,, „V 3j

13, . „.., 84

134 ,,., 3

Scheme 3.

3i is connected to a sector (cavity Sj

13.3 ,, ,, „„ Зз

13.3

13,

z.-

53,

3i

If desired, additional IS resistances may be installed, however, there is no particular need for this.

The device can also be used with other pipe connection diagrams, however, this is not necessary, and these possibilities are of paramount importance when calibrating a standard sample of the device and in scientific study of the effect of the device.

When using the device in a field situation, all sectors are 3. (, 2,

3, 4) and the tube systems are filled with completely clean water, and the vessels 26 and 28 are electrolyte, and attention is paid to the complete removal of gas bubbles. The taps 23z and 24 are closed, and the taps 20 and 20.j are in a position not obstructing the flow of fluid. The assembled device on the rod 38 is lowered into the well to the required depth, the cable 17 is respectively wound off the coil, the rod 38 and the control levers are superimposed. Link control arms and rods are attached to handles or other control mechanisms. The casing pipe from the installation point of the instrument is removed and the normal sequence follows; Vertical measurements are made from deeper to shallower depths. The time required for precipitating (rumming) rpyviTa and tightly grasping the walls of the instrument is expected. When there is a ground flow, a part of it through the filters 4i rushes into the inner sectors 3 of the cylinder 6, and a fluid flow is created in the systems of the tubes 13. The small size of the living section of the tubes 13 compared with the receiving surface of the filters 4 increases many times the apparent speed of this movement. Twist tap 20-: enter into each of

four tubes a drop of electrolyte from vessels 26-28. Two of them, passing by the electrodes 21, change the resistance of the electrical circuits, which is recorded by the readings of galvanometers. Knowing the volume of the tubes between the pairs of electrodes and the time of passage of electrolyte droplets, the water flow in each of the two tube systems is determined. By comparing the costs of the two pipe systems, it is possible to judge the relative speeds of the ground flow in two mutually perpendicular directions, and hence the deviation of the azimuth of the true direction of the ground flow in this area of the well from the azimuth of the orientation of the device based on the corresponding formulas.

Then, the flow rates of the instrument are measured while the tap 20 is connected to the filter 18 in series with the current of the fluid. The flow rate measurements can also be carried out with other tube connection diagrams permitted by the instrument and the inclusion of the resistance standards. In order to determine the direction of the ground flow by the simplified design of the instrument — with one system of tubes and one pair of external filters — repeated measurements are required when the instrument is rotated at a certain angle. With the four-filter design shown in the drawing, turning the device through a certain angle is not obstructed. Having a certain number of measurements and the resistance of individual filters, it is possible to determine by the corresponding formulas the direction of ground flow movement, as well as its speed, gradient (gradient), the coefficient of soil filtration in this part of the well for a given gradient. By comparing the obtained data with the already existing hydrogeological characteristics of the area, monitor the instrument readings.

The use of this device is difficult only in the case of very dense and coarsely detrital rocks that do not give good surface sedimentation (bleeding) of the borehole walls.

It should be noted that instead of the contact electrical signaling system, which characterizes the flow rate of the ground water that penetrated into the device, the device, as suggested by the applicants, can be used by galvanic couples of sufficient sensitivity to determine insignificant water movement speeds.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. An instrument for determining the direction and speed of the ground flow with readings on electric signals and using a filter in it in the form of a sectorized camera, characterized by the use of two pipelines connected to the chamber with multi-valve boxes 19 and 202, of which box 19 serves changes in the speed of movement and the degree of filtration of groundwater circulating through the device, and the box 202-for feeding through it from the tanks 28 and 28 of the electrolyte into the system. 2. In the device according to claim 1, use of two removable protective covers for the device N 15, of which case 15 is provided with openings for the electric signal circuit 17, as well as camera control wires 19 and 202 and tank 26 to pass through them. 3. In the device according to claim 1, use as an element for closing the current of galvanic couples. to the author's testimony of K. V. Brodovitsky and K. V. Petrov Lo 37900 fig ..