SU36726A1 - Internal combustion engine with prechamber - Google Patents

Description

The proposed high-speed internal combustion burner operates on the principle of uncompressed spraying. The introduction of internal combustion engines for transport installations from the ship and diesel type to the automobile and aircraft apparatus has, in general, great fuel savings. Designed for direct sawing engines, engines with a pre-chamber and other auxiliary devices, striving for complete smokeless combustion of fuel.

In the proposed engine, the prechamber walls are highly heated and, on the fuel injection side, the prechamber is provided with a series of holes for swirling the fuel charge, through which the prechamber communicates with the engine cylinder.

The drawing shows a schematic section of an internal combustion engine with a precamera.

The engine has a normal crank mechanism at the top dead position shown in the diagram, piston F, the chamber is compressed. With the part above the piston F, part in the head with the precamera A. At one end of the precamera there is an injector D injecting sprayed fuel

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into the chamber, from the other of which valve B is located. The walls of the prechamber are not cooled directly with water and heat is removed through the contact points of the chamber with the cooled engine head so that the temperature of the chamber walls is maintained at a certain constant level ensuring the best decomposition of the complex fuel molecule b-le simple and easy-burning parts.

From the fuel inlet side, prechamber A has several small openings E located at a tangent to the chamber forming a circle, through which air flows from chamber C into precursor A during a compression stroke, forming spiral vortices.

The engine can be both two-stroke and four-stroke.

When a four-stroke engine is operating, during the first stroke, suction occurs and air enters the engine cylinder, following the downwardly moving piston. Valve B of the prechamber is open so that chamber A is filled with fresh air, the pressure is about 1 atm. abs

In the second, also compressed, air is compressed in the engine cylinder by a piston rising upwards. Valve b

prechamber A is closed and air from the compression chamber G flows through the holes E near the nozzle; at the same time, the air streams have a high speed of movement along the helix.

During the third stroke - burning and working stroke, 18-30 ° up to the top dead center, fuel is injected into the prechamber, which, falling into the air trickles, mixes intensively with it, and large canals of fuel are thrown into the mountains under the action The walls of the pre-chamber A. Here, the fuel encounters a catalyst and, under the action of high temperatures and pressures, decomposes and is converted from liquid fuel to a quick-burning gas.

At the top dead center, valve B opens and gas from the pre-chamber enters the combustion chamber C, where, meeting fresh air, quickly burns out. The pressure in the engine cylinder rises gradually, giving useful work to the crankshaft.

With exhaust in the fourth stroke, the piston pushes the burned gases out of the cylinder with valve B open.

The presence of prechambers with high wall temperatures ensures the decomposition of fuel in the engine under the action of high temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst.

The presence of an additional valve B makes it possible to control the pressure during combustion in the engine cylinder, without causing high stresses in the main parts.

In the engine, the mixing time is increased and the centrifugal force of rotation of the fuel jets is used to distribute the larger fuel particles to the hot walls of the prechamber for better mixing.

The subject matter of the invention.

An internal combustion engine with a pre-chamber with strongly heated walls, characterized in that, in order to swirl the charge of fuel, prechamber A is equipped with a number of holes E on the input side of the fuel through which it communicates with the engine cylinder.