SU36224A1 - Device for orienting airplanes while landing in low visibility - Google Patents

Description

In heavy fog or at night, the descent of the airplane becomes difficult. Existing altimeters and direction finders facilitate the task of descent.

The proposed device aims to solve this problem in an acoustic way. In order to make it possible for the airplane to descend in case of poor visibility, a sound wave transmitter is installed near the place of descent. To launch airplanes in one direction, the transmitter must emit sound waves in one direction. To descend in all directions; The sound must radiate sound waves uniformly over all azimuth planes. The transmitter, as a rule, should emit high-frequency sound or ultrasonic waves. At the same time, the transmitter radiation should be so distributed in space that the line connecting the field points with the same sound intensity could be taken for the descent trajectory of the descending airplane.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the sound field and a line connecting the field points with the same sound intensity; FIG. 2 is a device diagram.

If the descent is made in the same direction, then the line to (Fig. 1), the connecting field point with the same sound intensity, is in the plane passing through the center of the emitted beam. If the descent is made in all directions, the line ko forms a surface of rotation about the vertical axis o.

For descent in poor visibility, the pilot uses an acoustic receiver adapted to measure the field strength. When descending, the indicator should give a constant reading.

During the descent in the fog, it is very important to be able to determine the distance from the descent point fairly accurately. For this purpose, radiation of another acoustic field is provided, whose distribution in space has a different shape.

An airplane descending along curve k determines the intensity of this second FIELD. An indicator indicating this intensity can be graded directly in meters.

This system can be greatly simplified. The lines к, KI, к, etc., connecting the points of the acoustic field of the same intensity, do not run parallel to each other; as the distance between them increases, the distance between them increases. Having two sound receivers on the airplane, you can use one of them to read the constant field strength for the purpose of descending along a certain curve; the other will cross the lines kg, KI, KZ, Kg constant field intensities at this time. The indicator will indicate the intensity, fs; it can be graded in meters to determine distances. Since the distance from the place of descent determines for an airplane, finding on the curve l: descent, distance to ground, the indicator can be calibrated also in meters of flight altitude. You can, of course, have a separate indicator for each sound receiver. It is cheaper to make a device that switches the indicator from one receiver to another at will.

On airplane a (Fig. 2), two sound receivers b and c are located at different heights, one of which, for example, the bottom serves to control the constancy of the field strength k, so as not to evade the correct Descent Line, the other serves to determine the distance. By means of the switch cf to the indicator e, it is possible to connect either one or another sound receiver.

Control the descent curve, using a sound receiver for this. &Amp;, the pilot must try so that the arrow / indicator e remains all the time in the division to. To determine the distance, from time to time, the switch is placed on the sound receiver c. Then the indicator shows the distance to the descent or altitude.

If it is desirable to follow all the time

If the field is constant, then there should be two indicators.

The sound indicators mentioned above must be sensitive to high frequency sounds and completely insensitive to low frequency sounds generated by the motor and propeller of an airplane.

In order to check the correctness of the readings of the device, near near the sound receivers, small sound generators (for example, whistles) are provided, creating certain sound fields, which correspond to certain positions of the indicator arrow.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A device for orienting airplanes during landing with poor visibility, characterized in that the aircraft has two sound receivers at different heights, one of which serves to control the constancy of the strength of the sound FIELD and the other to determine the distance to change the field intensity , and this field, created by the sound emitter at the descending point, has such a characteristic that the lines connecting the field points with the same intensity can be used as descent trajectories of the ground vehicle. 2. In the device according to claim 1, the use of sound-receiving and sound indicators that are insensitive to the noise produced by the descending apparatus. N TO. G y /. ..