SU346837A1 - - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to feedstuffs, more specifically to feed additives for ruminants.

The additive provides an increase in feed efficiency for ruminants. The additive in the form of halo-half-acetal derivatives in the proposed doses effectively inhibits methanogenesis in the rumen, due to which energy mediators, such as adenosine triphosphate, are retained.

Preferred compounds are starch and chloral condensation products.

The proposed feed for ruminants consists of a raw product and additives which use polychlorinated polybromopulacetal, a derivative of a polyhydric alkanol, saccharide or polysaccharide, the additive is starch chloral hemiacetal, as well as pentaerythritol tetrachloroethyl acetal.

Polyhaloacetaldehydes, which are the active part in the final product, and polyoxy compounds, such as polyalkanols, saccharides or polysaccharides, characterized as a carrier part of hemiacetal, are used as raw materials for the proposed active components.

or bromine, and at least two X are halides.

If polyoxidation is a sugarhard, it can be a number, such as glucose, forming a- or 3-chloralose, which react with more than one mole of aldehyde to form active hemiacetal compounds of formula I

HE

SNGO-SH-SH,

X NYY

Nк

he

in which X is O, and y is 1. It can also be a polyol derived from α-saccharides, such as maritite, or aseparate polyalkylolol, for example pentaerythritol.

The most useful are polysaccharides that are glucans, in which x-fy is 10-5000. It is not necessary to accurately know the condensation product, since a reaction between the polysaccharide and polyhaloacetaldehyde is allowed to form hemiacetal on all active hydroxy groups, then the chemically unbound aldehyde is removed. The product is analyzed to determine

chlorine content and is proportional to the presence of chloral equivalents from the active part of hemiacetal. If the polysaccharide is reacted with polygonaldacetaldehyde, it means that it is not a suitable carrier.

It is possible that the formation of complete acetal with two or, more likely, one mole of polyhaloacetaldehyde will occur. A reaction is possible on two other secondary hydroxy groups than on the more active primary hydroxyl group, especially with prolonged heating or acid catalysis.

The most suitable aldehyde reagent is chloral. The most suitable polysaccharide component is starch, and more specifically starch USP. Hemiacetal starch with the structure represented by formula I, where X and y are 100-2000, is very suitable.

The number of hemiacetal units per anhydroglucose unit, which affects the biological activity in terms of weight, can vary widely, depending on the preservation of the activity. For example, for cellulose, the content of the chloralp may be 5-10%, based on the chlorine content, while in some monosaccharide chloral nolacetals derived from mappit, the content of chloral may approach 75-80%. Therefore, the levels of active doses are considered to be chloral content based on the chlorine content determined by analysis of chemically bound chloral. The degree of substitution in products corresponding to formula I can be defined as the coefficient of degree of substitution (DS).

For example, in an anhydroglucose unit that is present in a polysaccharide, for example, in amylose, the substitution can either be completely absent (DSO), or all three active b0: xigroup can be replaced (DS3). In high polymer polysaccharides, the DS value reflects the static average degree of substitution. A typical average composition of one polyhalide-aldehyde of four anhydroglucose units in a polymer has a DS of 0.25. Polyacetal polyacetals with a DS value of from 1.0 to 0.25 are most suitable because of their ease of preparation, but the invention is not limited to ethyl limits, in some cases DS can go up to 5.

The saccharide component or units — carriers of condensation products — can be simple monosaccharides from glucose to disaccharides, such as sucrose, and up to long-chain saccharides, to cyclic polysaccharides, such as Schardinger dextrin, to such sugars, “different types of starch, dextrin , corn syrup or cellulose. Predatory compounds, i.e., starches, are produced on industrial scale starch.

USP, corn starch, potato, sorghum, wheat, rice and lr. It is also possible to use fractions triglycans, and the formation of starch from amylose, amylopectia or amylodextrin. Synthetic modifications of such carrier units can also be used, for example anhydrosaccharide, glucosides, modified starches or cellulose, for example carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, oxidized cellulose. The carrier may in some cases be a component of a natural feed, for example, finely ground corn, in which glucans can react, as a result

which forms polyhalide hemiacetal. Carrying polysaccharides have a low degree of cleavage, which provides the necessary condensation of active saccharide hydroxy groups with polyhaloacetaldehyde.

Chloralkrahmalny hemiacetals with a long chain have an advantage over monomer derivatives or polyalkanol with a short chain, so KaiK has a lower decomposition and release rate of active

links in the rumen allows these hemiacetals to be used in a wide range of dosage regimens and without undesirable therapeutic or anti-inflammatory action. They also possess more readily used chemical forms, being persistent white powders.

The active and preferred components, i.e., starch-chloral hemiacetals, are most easily obtained by reacting chloral hydrate with USP starch by heating under reflux in benzene with stirring. This forms an insoluble white condensation product, which is separated and dried under vacuum to remove chemically unbound chloral. The structure of the preferred product obtained in this way corresponds to the formula I; at

this DS is 0.35. According to the statement

Although X and Y can be 100-2000, this value, however, is not decisive.

The level of chlorine in condensation products is 10-35%, depending on ease of preparation and stability.

the desired hemiacetal, preferably a chlorine content of 15-20%. In fact, the most acceptable is a material with a high chlorine content, which can be obtained easily and is durable.

Other products are obtained with or without the heating of solvents and catalysts in the form of inorganic acids. In general, these chemical reactions are similar

described below in the examples.

The number of units is expressed as the number of chloralp units, as they are the preferred active aldehyde components, unless clearly indicated.

Other polyhalogen hemi-acetal or polysaccharide carrier units that can be used in feed products are easily calculated based on the quantities indicated.

The following structural formula contains other components derived from polyhydride alkanols that can also be used in feed additives.

HE

(H0) „- R- (OH-CX) h) t

where n is an integer from O to 4; t is an integer from 2 to 6; X is hydrogen or halo; for example bromine or chlorine;

R is a straight or branched alkane chain with two six carbon atoms. The amount / git should not be more than 6 in practice.

Compounds of this class are preferred in which O is equal to, t is 3-6. X is chlorine and R5 contains five to three carbon atoms. A particularly acceptable and valuable compound is pentaerythritol tetrachloro hemiacetal.

Derivatives of these compounds can be obtained as O-lower acyls or 0-lower alkyls, such as alkane derivatives with carbon atoms. The alkane skeleton can be enlarged by the addition of methylene groups or it can be cyclic. None of these or other modifications has any particular advantages over those described, since the high content of halogen and the low cost of the chemical matter are of great economic importance.

Among the most acceptable compounds that can serve as active components are mannitol-chlorine, sorbitol-hexachl oral, mannitol-tetrachlororal, glyderol-trichloro-glycerol, glyceroltribromal, propylene glycol-dichloral hemiacetal, and especially pentaerythritol-tetrachloromal In terms of cost and activity of a chemical substance, these condensation products on a polyalkanol carrier are equivalent to polyalkanol condensation products derived from saccharides.

Preferred previously known derivatives that are persistent, non-volatile solids.

Chemical components are added to feeds or feedstuffs in effective, but non-toxic, and non-therapeutic amounts that increase feed efficiency. These supplements are fed to ruminants in the usual way, on demand.

Feed additives are added to coarse ruminant feeds, for example silage.

various cereal mixtures that are commonly used as feed for ruminants (cattle and sheep). At the same time, the added amounts should be sufficient to increase feed efficiency, but should not have a pharmacodynamic effect. Approximately from 1 g to 1 kg per 1 ton of feed should be added, approximately 0.001-0.1%, but preferably from 100-400 g / t, based on the chloral content, since the carrier part of the condensation products is inactive. An average sheep digests about 3-4 pounds of feed per day, and an average cow makes about 25 pounds.

Consequently, a wide dosage range

for ruminants (from sheep to cow)

from approximately 50 mg to 7 g in

day on the animal.

The most rational amounts of starch (5Pi) -chloromal hemiacetal component are 40 g - 3 kg (5 lb) per 1 ton, but preferably 400 g – 2 kg per 1 g. Heart sheep weighing 36.2 kg daily absorb approximately 0.4 -4 g of this active ingredient dispersed in the feed. An average cow weighing 453.5 kg absorbs about 4-8 g. It should be noted that this is a weight of hemiacetal.

Feeding animals with starch-chloral hemiacetal containing 17% chlorine gives good results when feeding sheep using I-4 pounds per ton of non-chlorine composition, but especially using 2 pounds per ton. When feeding cattle (5 animals) for one test, good results were achieved when using 1-9 pounds per ton of the whole composition, but especially 3 pounds per ton.

A preferred starch-chloral hemiacetal with a DS of 0.35 is the 14 chloral equivalent. You can also use pentaerythritic hemiacetal - tetrachlororal (PTH) in an amount of 50-500 g

1 / feed for sheep, but preferably 200-400 g1t. This is the total weight of the entire non-chlorine composition. When using components with a smaller number of haloapapital groups, i.e. with a lower content of chlorine or bromine,

larger amounts are used, and with a higher number of haloacetal groups, smaller amounts are used. The number of active ingredients absorbed per day by one ruminant is much lower than the therapeutic amounts.

On an industrial scale, the active ingredients are most easily used as pre-blends, in which the chemical is evenly distributed throughout.

all standard livestock feedstuffs. The pre-mix or concentrate is then mixed with a regular diet or a special diet to increase the fat content of livestock. Such carriers are soybeans.

corn, barley, wheat, mineral mixtures, such as vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, corn gluten flour, corn bard or soy flour are crushed. The active ingredients are used in such amounts that satisfy the above requirements for the feed as a whole. Active ingredients typically range from 5 to 75 wt. % in the preliminary mixture depending on the physical properties of the component.

The livestock feeds themselves may also contain cellulosic roughage, such as cellulose, hay, straw, corn stalks, cottonseed husks, oats, barley, and cereals; natural oils, such as animal fats, fish, whale; vegetable oils, such as soybean, olive, safflower, peanut oil, cottonseed; antioxidants, minerals; vitamins; antibiotics; anthelmintic drugs and other appropriate medications.

A typical animal feed has the following composition,%:

40.0

blended hammer hay yellow cuck45 0 ruza 7.0

soybean oil 7.0 reed molasses 0.5 dicalcium phosphate micromineral

0.5

salt

vitamin A

300 units / lb. vitamin D 150 units / lb 907 g per 1 g chloral starch

VPP feed

The corresponding pre-mix contains 2 pounds of chloral starch and up to 3 pounds of ground yellow corn.

This mixture can be added to 1 g of feed. Active ingredients can be administered in blocks of salt or molasses. A typical block has the following composition, weight. %:

dry reed molasses 44.54 ham soybean husks14, 90 chloral starch15.00 granulated salt 21.59 microminerals and vitamins 0.20 stabilized animal fat1.11 moisture 2.66 Ability of the proposed haloacetaldehyde-polyol semi-acetal derivatives to increase the level of feed use in the feed, in haloacetaldehyde-polyol derivatives and to increase the degree of utilization of feed. it is evaluated primarily by a test, which measures the formation of methane gas in glass as a measure of the rate of fermentation of feed substances by the action of microorganisms in the rumen.

Listed below are data showing how effective concentrations of polyhaloacetaldehyde derivatives of polysaccharide derivatives reduce the formation of methane without reducing the rate of total fermentation.

The proposed α-components in a given molar or percentage concentration in water or ethanol are usually injected in portions of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 cm — straight into the rumen’s liquid and

then subjected to a-fermentation. The data is indicated for parts of the active component in the amount of rumen fluid, i.e. parts per million, with a significant inhibition of methane release. Generally

meaning 100 hours per 1 million, equal to 0.01% of the diet or 90.8 g per 1 ton of feed.

The data presented in the glass were confirmed by the following tests in vivo. Each dose was tested on four sheep with microfistula. Additives were displaced to the morning and evening feed in such quantities that the animal received feed prior to pasation. Sheep Eats

all feed in one hour. The results were distributed over a seven day period.

Samples were taken from the rumen 4-5 hours after the morning feeding and 12-15 hours after the evening feeding. Analogue was performed using a gas separator and gas-layer chromatography.

In tab. 1 shows the results obtained.

Table 1

 , 05%, a noticeable deviation from the benchmarks.

The above results, obtained in glass and on living organisms, were confirmed during testing on feeding sheep in field conditions.

The drug was tested hemiacetal chloral-starch, 3, C1 15.8, 15.3%.

Respectively prepared Texas meats were fed a granular ration of the following composition, weight. %:

mixed ground

hay40.0

wholemeal flour 50%

7.0 8.0 dry molasses 87% 0.5 0.5 dicalcium phosphate micromineral salt 44.0 mol. Corn vitamin A 300 units / lb

Vitamin D150 units / lb

The animals in two pens, 18 heads each, were fed, giving different doses of the supplement, and the animals in four pens were left as controls.

All animals were fed once a day. The weight of the feed and the weight of the animal were measured in 30 days. The total test duration was 60 days.

In tab. 2 summarizes the data for 60 days.

table 2

 Significant increase; at a dose of 1814 g / g, the efficiency of the feed is increased by approximately 9%.

Feeding experiments were carried out at different doses of hemiacetal pentaerythritol tetrachloral (PTH) on West Texas meats in moderate feeding conditions. The control group included three pens of 10 pounds each. For the experiment used an experimental diet of the following composition, weight. %:

mixed ground

hay 13% 40.0

maize hammer44,0

wholemeal flour 44%

7.0 dry molasses 87% 8.0 0.5 dicalcium phosphate 0.5 micromine minerals vitamin A

30,000 g units,

20 g / g vitamin D216000000 e5 "n" g / g,

8.5 g / t

In tab. 3 shows summary data for 60 days.

Table 3

The best results were obtained with a dosage of 200 g PTH per 1 g.

Below are examples of the preparation of the feed according to the invention.

Example 1. 200 g of water-soluble starch (Eastmen), 100 g of chloral hydrate and 150 ml of benzene are heated under reflux with stirring for 1 hour in a water bath at 120 ° C. Water

removed by azeotropic distillation for 5 hours at: flesh to obtain a clear distillate. The solid white product is dried at 60 ° C under vacuum; chlorine content 18.39%, DS 0.35-0.4. Azeotropic distillation is not necessary.

The product is mixed with an equal amount of vermiculite by weight, then this preliminary mixture is mixed with feed for fed sheep at the rate of 1814 g / g.

Example 2. 10 g of starch (PR and 3.0 ml of anhydrous chloral are mixed and heated to a temperature of 120 ° C for 30 minutes. After 2 hours at 120 ° C, the product is cooled and crushed into powder F

dried at 60-70 ° C in vacuum. The product contains 23.26% C1, DS 0.5. This product is mixed with feed for cattle fed in the pen, at the rate of 453 g / t. The reaction is carried out between the crash

IMC, in the same way, is obtained by using hemiacetal bromine-starch, which is used at the rate of 907 g / t. The reaction is carried out between starch (OP, 10 g) and 2,2,3-trichlorbuty; raldehyde and. get hemiacetal, which is used at the rate of 2267 g / t.

Example 3. 10 g of starch USP and 5.0 g of dichloroacetaldehyde are mixed and heated at 100 ° C for 3 hours. The product is dried in vacuum at a temperature of 100 ° C; chlorine content of 20.3%.

The product is consumed at a rate of 907 g / t to increase the efficiency of feeding cattle with hay.

Example 4. 50.0 g of methylcellulose (USP) and 25 g of anhydrous chloral are heated in an oil bath at 110 ° C for 6 hours. The product is dried at 110 ° C in vacuum, then crushed into a fine powder, the chlorine content of 9.2%. This material is added to the feed at a rate of 3,628 g / t for fattening cattle.

Example 5. 5 g of starch (USP) and 50 chloral hydrate is heated at a temperature of 100 ° C with stirring for 19 hours. The product was poured into 30 JHA of methanol and diluted with 10 ml of diethyl ether. The white product is separated and dried at 100 ° C under vacuum; chlorine content 23.25%, DS 0.525. This preparation is added to the ruminant feed at a rate of 970 g / g.

Example 6. 10 g of water-soluble starch (Eastmen) and 5 g of 2,2,9-trichloro-1-ethoxyethanolchloratelate are mixed with I ml of 6 p. HC1 and heated at 120 ° C for 1 hour. The product, having the appearance of a brown molasses, is triturated with 50 ml of acetone, then separated and dried; chlorine content 7.29%, DS 0, I25. This preparation is added to the feed at the rate of 2267 g / t.

Example 7. 101.20 g of cellulose powder (Anisel PH), 10 g of chloral hydrate, 0.2 ml 18 n. H2SO4 and 150 ml of benzene are heated with stirring under reflux for 27 hours. The product is separated by washing 12

are dried and dried under vacuum for 18 hours at a temperature of 100 ° C; chlorine content 4.50%, 0.075. The drug is used in the amount of 4535 g / t.

Example 8. Finely ground dry corn fine grinding is dried in vacuum at a temperature of 100 ° C for 7 hours. 35.0 g of corn and 18 a of anhydrous chloral is heated at 110 ° C for 18 hours. Unreacted chloral is evaporated and the product is dried; chlorine content of 1.2%. This drug is used at the rate of 13607 g / g.

Example 9. 21.8 g of light corn syrup (Caro) and 8.0 g of anhydrous chloral are heated at 100 ° C for 12 hours. The resulting molasses is dried at a temperature of 100 ° C in a vacuum and a white solid dextran-chloral addition product containing 18.15% C1 is obtained. This drug is used at the rate of 1814 g / t.

Subject invention

Claims (5)

1. Feed for ruminant animals, consisting of raw material and additives, characterized in that, in order to improve the efficiency and digestibility of the feed, polychloro- or polybromo-acetal, a derivative of a polyhydric alkanol, saccharide or polysaccharide, is used as an additive. 2. Food according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is a starch chloral hemiacetal. 3. Food according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is pentaerythritol tetraloral hemiacetal. 4. Feed on PP. 1-3, characterized in that the amount of additive is from 1 g to 1 kg per ton of feed, based on the content of halo acetal. 5. The feed according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the additive is 100-400 g per ton of feed, considering the content of chloral and chlorine of this component in the order of 10-35%.