SU30007A1 - Ditching machine - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to ditch making machines using disc knives, plowshares, a conveyor belt, slopes and curved troughs for land removal. The proposed machine is intended for arranging ditches for isolating plantations of agricultural crops from the spread of pests from the tops of crawling insects, by enclosing them with ditches, in order to localize the centers of pests on the sites infected by them. A feature of the trenches of this designation is that they should be generally very small in size and, since they allow soil conditions, with reverse slopes of a possible large foundation, i.e. ditches in cross section should have the form of a trapezoid, with the short parallel side facing up. After the ditches are laid, two or three days are enough for their walls to dry out and their surface to erode, so that soil particles, lost in sticking ability, will fall off from the back slopes of the ditches and cover insects caught in the trap ditch.

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In order to give the slopes of the ditches a reverse slope, paired vertical plowshares were installed in the proposed area, equipped with beveled front edges and pivotally secured behind the two brown main plowshares, which terminate in gutters directed in opposite directions, to drain the soil.

In FIG. 1 is a side view of a machine for ditch construction; FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of it; FIG. 3 - its top view; FIG. 4 - the same, behind; FIG. 5 the same, in front.

A ditch making machine consists of two main parts: supporting and working. The supporting part is a channel iron frame on two-wheeled passes. The frame is suspended using two pairs of suspensions 7 and 2 of the working part, the translational movement of which is carried out using a part 3 consisting of a rod passing through the sleeve 4. At one end of the rod there is an eyelet worn on the king pin 5 and Shock absorber 6 is located, the purpose of which is to see sharp blows. To prevent damage to the critical parts, the rod at the eye ends with a neck designed for resistance, less resistance at the moment of destruction, due to which, in case of meeting insurmountable resistance, the neck breaks. Auxiliary devices for servicing the working part of the machine are fastened on the frame.

The working part is a bottomless case immersed in the ground. The depth of the hull into the ground is set, as required, by means of suspensions / and 2 and worm gears, placed in boxes 7 and 5. The work of the worm gear 7 is dried, controlled by the steering wheel 9 and shaft / f, and the transfer by the 8 steering wheel // and shaft / 2. The body of the working machine consists of walls 7J of a complex longitudinal profile and two brown main plowshares J4 and / 5, designed to completely cut the ground out of the ditch along the profile defined by the walls of the working part, and two paired vertical plowshares / b, / 7, intended to cut internal slopes in the lower part of the ditch and located behind the main plowshares. These vertical blades are metal plates with a pointed and slightly beveled front edge, which is caused by the need to achieve, with a slight deviation from the plane of the walls, the maximum repose slope allowed by the soil conditions. In order to facilitate the work of the side plowshares for cutting the vertical walls of the ditch, the pointed edge of them is somewhat bent forward. The position at an angle to the translational movement contributes to the movement of the cut off of their land to the middle of the ditch. The side plowshares are mounted at one angle or another by means of a 7S worm gear, through an axial bore of the worm, in which two rods are threaded in opposite directions, the opposite ends of which end in a vertical swivel joint with the side plowshares, so that a simultaneously rigid and movable joint is obtained, making it possible to fix the position of the side arms. furs in any deviation. The ground, cut off by the main plowshares, rises along a trough-shaped, curved curved zholob under the pressure of an intact mass of land, located in front of the lemekhoz, and is dumped with irregular rollers on the sides of the machine. In order to avoid dumping the earth clods back into the ditch, behind the main shares, scrappers 7.9, 20 are located, moving the rollers to a distance sufficiently ensuring the ditches from clogging and giving the rollers a stable slope. After the cutting of the slopes, the side plowshares in the middle of the ditch bottom accumulate a roller from the ground. The removal of this roller and simultaneous profiling with a dimple in the middle of the ditch bottom is carried out using a rear horizontal ploughshare 2 / equipped with a belt roller conveyor 22. The presence of a conveyor is inevitable in this case, since if the main ground shares are thrown out of the untouched soil layers, then for the successful operation of the final plowshare, this force is so large that in order to avoid clogging the throat with the ground, it is necessary to create another kind of motion constator land, which is a conveyor driven by a Gaul chain, thrown over two sprockets located on the rear wheel hub 23, and respectively through a sprocket 24 located on shaft 25 suspended from the frame at points 2 and 27 and passing through the frame conveyor; inside this frame, under the ribbon on the same shaft, there are two sprockets 28, 29, the teeth of which, grasping the protruding parts located on the underside of the belt, cause it to roll on the rollers, dragging the ground falling on it from the final ploughshare. The ground, raised by the conveyor belt, at the end of it is dumped into the tray 30, on the sloping surface of which it rolls onto the sides of the ditch, and from there with the help of the claws 31 is pressed against the roller already formed by the previous pair of scrapers 19, 20 slopes