SU283407A1 - START-REGULATING DEVICE FOR GAS DISCHARGES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to devices for the discharge of gas discharge lamps with a starting voltage exceeding the supply voltage, namely, devices in which an increased starting voltage is created due to the operation of a capacitor circuit, which does not contain switching elements or elements with a pronounced threshold characteristic. .

The functions of most of the devices for powering gas-discharge lamps include the generation of a higher, as compared to the mains, voltage starting mode. If for the majority of tubular fluorescent lamps and DRL lamps used in heated premises, the required overrun of the rated voltage over the network is approximately 10–20%, then at temperatures below 10 ° C a much greater voltage increase is required.

Famous amalgam bulbs also require higher starting voltages. It should be noted that in most cases sufficient power is required for the above conditions to ensure the development of arc discharge, and the use of low-power initiating high-frequency or pulsed sources does not ensure the ignition of lamps.

Widespread in order to obtain increased starting voltages, there are PRA circuits with a capacitor, which forms a starting circuit with one of the inductive elements of the discharge circuit. The total capacitive primary ignition circuit on the inductive element generates a voltage that is summed with the network and provides a rise in the starting voltage. In the world of technology known

A large number of schemes for such control gears, but all the opps can in principle be divided into two groups: in the first, additional power, summing up with the mains voltage, occurs on an additional inductive power supply.

element (current sequential circuit), introduced into the discharge circuit of the lamp, and the second ballast choke (parallel circuit) serves as the second element. The most effective performance of the start-up smoker is achieved when the phases of the network voltage and the additional voltage added to it coincide, which is possible only in an ideal circuit without loss. If it is necessary to provide heating of the electrodes from the starting circuit, the active component is 1, and in its impedance it significantly decreases and decreases dramatically; ., Another significant disadvantage of tours is the large amount

To ensure a deep reduction in the heating of the electrodes after igniting the lamp.

Thus, the axis circuit when developing ballasts for gas-discharge lamps is to get start-up and pressure control with higher magnitude with a minimal increase in device cost and power loss. According to the invention, the task is solved by supplying the discharge circuit and the starting capacitor circuit with at least two phase-shifted voltages of a three-phase network. The principle of using two phase-shifted voltages to increase the effectiveness of ballasts is well known.

However, it does not ensure full achievement of the set task. This is due to the fact that when using phase powering to power a discharge circuit and a linear voltage to power the starting circuit, at the same time serving to correct cos f, the currents of these circuits can be equalized only with significant irregularity leading to a sharp increase cost of capacitors and reduce sozf. In most cases, such a solution is not acceptable and it has to be reconciled with the inseparable currents in these circuits, which results in reduced start-up efficiency and increased operational losses.

To eliminate these drawbacks, a start-up control device with power supply of a discharge circuit, linear linearization of the three-phase network and start-up co-circuit is also provided with the same three-phase network, phase-shifted relative to the voltage supplying the discharge circuit.

In this case, an increase in the efficiency of the starting circuit is ensured due to the possibility of obtaining a starting voltage on the inductive element, which almost coincides in phase with the linear cutting power supplying the discharge circuit.

Another factor that increases the efficiency of the starting circuit is the possibility of equalizing its current (for a sequential version of the circuit) with a discharge current at values of sof close to 1. In the operating mode, this leads to almost complete elimination of losses in the starting circuit. The same effect is achieved for a parallel circuit due to a sharp emission (by a factor of 4-8) and a trigger on the starting circuit during ignition of the lamps.

The variants of the proposed control gear, together with the corresponding vector diagrams of the starting and working relays, are shown in FIG. 1-8.

FIG. Fig. 1a shows a diagram of the start-controlling device for a lamp with self-localizing electrodes with an ignition of the discharge circuit, an alternating voltage m U, and a series starting circuit with a phase voltage bf of the mains. Lamp I is connected in series with inductive ballast 2 to linear voltage U of a three-phase network (UCA) An additional inductance 3 is added in series to the discharge circuit, forming a capacitor 4 of the output circuit connected to phase iff (and,).

In the starting mode (see Fig. 1.6), the starting voltage i applied to the lamp 1 is the vectorial sum of the linear voltage and „and the voltage U on the starting inductance 3. Due to the additional phase shift, the inductance can be performed with rather large losses, which lead to its noticeable reduction in price, and this can be achieved by the perfect coincidence of the direction of the vectors U and Bd, which leads to the greatest effectiveness of the starting circuit.

After ignition of the lamp, i.e., in the operating mode (iCM. Fig. 1, b), with an appropriate choice of the capacitor 4, the equality of the current lamine / j and the current of the capacitor / 4 is reduced. With a standard ratio of lamp voltage to a voltage of 0.5 t, the angle between the supply voltage and the lamp current is 60 °, and the current of the lamp / 1 and the current of the capacitor / 4 is 180 °. As a result, the current flowing around the starting inductance 3 becomes sufficiently close to the prevailing value, which ensures complete demagnetization of the starting inductance. Under these conditions, cos f has a value of the order of 0.85. If it is necessary to obtain a larger value, it is advisable to include an additional capacitor on the linear load.

Pa figs. 2 shows a diagram of the device for two nosledovatelio-included lamps with heating cathodes. For this variant of the Iuskov inductance 3 circuit is supplied with heating windings 5. In order to obtain optimal conditions in this case, it is advisable to find your own notes in the starting

inductance 3.

The use of phase voltage for compres ssf is disadvantageous because it requires an increased capacitor capacitance, which leads (for capacitors to operating voltages below 1000 volts) to increase the capacitors and significantly increase their dimensions.

Pa figs. 3 and the circuit of the device, in which the starting circuit contains two capacitors (4 and 4), connected to two linear voltages. In this scheme, additional possibilities appear: the change in the phase of the total current and the starting circuit (/ 3) by changing the magnitude of the component currents /

and /;,,

Pa figs. 4 shows an embodiment of a device for switching on two lamps with heating electrodes. It should be noted that the condition of equality of the currents / 1 / s corresponds to the overcompensation mode sozf. Therefore, the best option is non-polynomial demagnetization of the starting inductance, at which cos (, 9 can be provided. In Fig. 5, a device with a parallel starting circuit is shown. The lamp / with inductive ballast 2 forms a discharge circuit and linear voltage and the starting circuit. consisting of additional inductance 5, capacitor 4 and part of the winding of the throttles of the ballast 2, is connected to the phase 11apr: out of f / f. With a total capacitive impedance on the ballast 2, a starting voltage t / 2 is generated (see Fig. 5, nd), practically co-op In the operating mode (see Fig. 5, c) With the equality of the scalars and the antiphase of the phase load and voltage taken from the ballast, the magnitude of the residual voltage Lon is applied to the starting circuit becomes negligible, which eliminates the loss of iB nycKOiBOM coiture. The additional inductance serves to reduce the detrimental effect of the capacitor 4 capacity on the shape of the discharge current. If it is necessary to heat the electrodes, these inductances are supplied with filament windings 5 (CM. Fig. 6) as applied to two lamps which are successively switched on. In some cases, the function of this inductance may be performed by a small transformer. Because of the inappropriate use of the neutral conductor, it may be more advantageous to use two linear voltages, as shown in FIG. 7, the circuit diagram in FIG. 8 is characterized by the successive switching on of two lamps with heating electrodes pl and, accordingly, by the presence of incandescent windings 5. A feature of the devices shown in FIG. 7 and 8, there is a certain degree of limiting the phase angle between the current / 2 start-up circuit and the linear voltage of the block due to a change in the ratio of capacitance values of capacitors 4 and 4. In the proposed device, it is possible to obtain an idle circuit increased to 1.5 and above An irrelevantly small level of power loss in the starting circuit and the consumption of active materials not exceeding the flow rate for an apparatus with a normal starting voltage. Subject and connection A ballast device for gas discharge lamps powered by a three-phase line voltage through an inductive ballast containing a capacitor starting circuit, which is geted on one of the successive additional elements of the discharge circuit, and an additional starting voltage characterized by that, in order to increase the effectiveness of the starting circuit, it is switched on at least by another voltage of the same three-phase network, shifted in phase with respect to the voltage supplying the discharge circuit, and both uo ensures, virtually identical phase of said dopolpitelnogo trigger voltage generated in the inductive element of the discharge circuit, ie linear voltage network zheniem feeding the same chain.

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