SU2561A1 - Device for measuring the areas of curvilinear figures (planimeter) - Google Patents

Description

The measurement of the areas of curvilinear figures with the help of the proposed instrument is carried out by measuring the mean lines of the trapeziums of the same height, into which the measured area is divided, and the heights of the trapeziums are taken as small as possible. The measurement of the length of the trapezoid middle lines is carried out with the help of a cord automatically wound on the drum, the number of revolutions of which is counted by a counting mechanism, expressing their sum. Multiplying the reading of the calculating mechanism by the height of the trapezium, the value of the measured area is obtained.

In FIG. 1 shows a view of the device from above; FIG. 2 is a cross-section, FIG. 3 is a front view of the counting mechanism; and FIG. 4 and side and front at the end of the device.

Infinite eint / (Fig. 1), I have. The supporting frame 2, which is connected at the end 2c, is rotated by the handle 3 and, due to the presence of the support-parallel parallel 4, does not: progressively move the slider 5 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3),

directly connected to the mechanism. A full turn of the handle 3 corresponds to the movement of the slider, and, consequently, the measuring needle 18 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) by 5 AIM, thus, a mechanical division of the measured area into a trapezium of equal height is performed. So that this division, i.e. the rotation of the handle, for a whole revolution or its part, was mathematically exact, in the support frame 2, on the side of the handle there is a fixed disk 6, the circumference of which is divided into 5 equal parts, marked by small indentations (Fig. 4), and the handle The fabric is equipped with a spring clamp 7 (Figs. 1 and 5), which automatically enters these recesses during rotation. The rotation of the handle from one recess to the next corresponds to the movement of the slide 5 in 1 m, i.e. divides the area by a trapezoid, 1 / m high. The spring, placed in handle 3, makes it possible to turn off the peg-7 and, thus, divide the area by. trapezium of any height.

The slider 5 has two shelves, of which the bottom shelf 8 serves as a support for the installation: a spring drum placed in the case 9 with an automatic non-pronged cord 10, and the top shelf 11 serves for the installation of a counting mechanism. The counting mechanism consists of circle 2 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3, with divisions, underpinned by four columns 13, and from a screw shaft 14 with a disk 75 rising along it and an arrow 16 fixed on it. On one of the columns there are divisions ,,, determining the number of revolutions of the shaft. A gear clutch 23 (Fig. 2) is placed between the lower and upper flange, consisting of two circular gear racks and used to connect the drum shaft 77 to the counter shaft 14. The slope of the gear racks is chosen as such so that during the course of the direct motion (with the tension of the continuous cord 10) the grip of the rails proceeded, and during the return stroke (when the needle was released), the release was released.

By measuring with the needle the center line of each trapezium, the gear coupling 23 (fig. 2) disengages to, thus, the needle retraction is not marked on the counting mechanism. In the case 9 (Fig. 2), the upper surface of which is attached to the bottom shelf 8, there is an opening for the release of a continuous cord 10 connected to the needle 18 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). Above the casing, 9 is normal to the endless screw 7 (Fig. 1), and therefore, normally to the millimeter ruler, the tube 79 (Fig. 1 and 2) is fixed to the inside of which the rod 20 is connected directly to the needle 18 (Fig. 1, 2 and 3) and giving it a normal movement towards millimeter: a straight ruler movement. The progressive movement of the needle through the cord 10, the second end of which is attached to the drum, causes the rotation of the latter, and thanks to the gear coupling 23: (Fig. 2), the rotation of the screw shaft 14 (Fig. 2 and 3) of the counting mechanism. At the end of the shaft 14 there is an arrow 16, which is pressed against it by a screw 21 (Fig. 1, 2 and 3) and rotates around the dial 12 (Fig. 1),

attached by four racks 5 to the top shelf 77 of the slide 5. A complete turn of the arrow 76 corresponds to the turn of the drum, and since the dial diameter is equal to the diameter of the drum, the reports indicated by the arrow 76 give the distance traveled by the end of the needle 18. The dial diameter is chosen so that the circumference of the dial was equal to 10 cm, therefore, each turn of the arrow corresponds to the needle moving to: 10 food. To count the number of rotational marks, the arrow 76 on the screw shaft 14 is wearing a circular disk 75 with dogs 22, eliminating the possibility of rotation of the disk. When the screw shaft 14 is rotated, the disk 75 will move progressively upward and for a full revolution, it will go the way marked on the scale with the number 1 on one of the racks, bearing the dial (Fig. 1). The full stroke of the disk 75 corresponds to ten turns of the drum, therefore, it is POSSIBLE to sum up the average length of the trapeziums with their total length up to one meter.

Use of the device is as follows. The area bounded by curved lines is cut straight (in the wide direction of the figure) into two separate areas, then the millimeter ruler of the device is applied to this straight line so that the point of the needle 18 marks the position of the first center line of the trapezium (depending on the choice of its ). The disk 75 and arrow 76 must be set to zero. The needle 75 is moved until it crosses the outline of the figure, this gives the length of the average LINI1 of the first trapezium, which is indicated by the arrow on the dial. When the point of the needle 18 touches the outlines of the figure, the needle 18 is released, the racks 23 are disengaged and the drum spring returns the needle to its original position. Using knob 3, move the slider with the needle to the desired trapezoid width and repeat the needle movement to the contour of the figure, which will give the average trapezium for the second large trapezium. In the same way, the third center line, the fourth line, etc., are measured until all the center lines of the trapezium are summed; Then apply a millimeter ruler to the second part of the area and continue the measurement.

The counting mechanism gives the sum of all the average lines of the trapezium, and, multiplying it by the chosen height of the trapezium, get the area of the whole figure. When the measurement is completed, the disk 75 and the arrow / 6 must be reset to their zero positions, for this the screw 21 is unscrewed, the arrow 76 is manually set to zero and the screw 27 is screwed again, and the hinged pawl 22 is folded against the disk 75 and manually rotated lower it to the zero position.

SUBJECT OF THE PATENT.

1. A device for measuring the areas of curvilinear figures (planimeter), characterized by the use of a fortified on a slider 5 that runs along an endless screw 1, when rotated with a handle 3, enclosed in a casing 9 of a spring drum wound on

it is attached by a cord 70, which is attached at one end to a drum 75 and attached to a shaft 75 fixed to a rod 20, running in a guide tube 19 perpendicular to the axis of the screw 1, the shaft 77 of which drum is articulated by gear 23 the screw shaft 14 of the counting mechanism, counting the full speed of the spring drum by moving the screw 75 of the disk 75, marked by divisions on one of the uprights 13, and the fractions of the rotation mounted on the end of the shaft 14 by the arrow 76 by the divided face 72.

2. In the apparatus indicated in claim 1, the disk 75 is supplied with pawls 22 resting against the uprights 73 to eliminate the rotation of the disk 75 when the shaft 14 rotates.

3. In the device specified in clause 1, the supply of the handle 3 with a spring pin 7, which is inserted during the rotation of the screw 7, into the recesses located on the fixed disk 6 fastened to the support station Ine 2.

Tipo-lithograph Red Pechatnik, Penvzhgrad, International, 75.

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11 to the patent LS.MOHA Jf2561

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